ABSTRACT The pear tree (Pyrus spp.) is a fruit tree of temperate climate, so it needs a certain number of hours under cold temperatures to overcome its natural dormancy. It can be cultivated in the tropics, but few regions have cold enough winters to overcome the natural dormancy of pear trees. For this purpose, it is necessary to select cultivars with less need for cold conditions combined with the use of bud-inducing to sprouting and flowering products. This study aimed to test doses of hydrogenated cyanamide (Dormex) to break dormancy and induce bud sprouting in different pear cultivars under subtropical conditions. The branches of five pear tree cultivars, ‘Cascatense’, ‘Primorosa’, ‘Seleta’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’, and ‘William’s’, were sprayed with Dormex (a commercial product containing 52% hydrogen cyanamide, CH2N2) at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5% or with water (control). The trees were evaluated at two, four, six, eight, 10, and 12 weeks after the application of the treatments in two consecutive years. The European pear trees ‘William’s’ and ‘Packham’s Triumph’ showed low budding rates compared to hybrid pear trees. Hybrid pear showed better performance in subtropical regions, with higher budding rates, than European pear. CH2N2 efficiently induces bud sprouting of pear, with especially 4 and 5% Dormex. Pyrus spp. spp climate tropics purpose budinducing inducing products (Dormex ‘Cascatense, Cascatense ‘Cascatense , ‘Cascatense’ ‘Primorosa, Primorosa ‘Primorosa ‘Primorosa’ ‘Seleta, Seleta ‘Seleta ‘Seleta’ ‘Packhams Packhams ‘Packham s Packham Triumph, Triumph ‘Williams, Williams ‘William William 52 CHN CH N 1 2 3 5 control. control . (control) four six eight 10 years ‘Williams ‘William’s CH2N (control

ABSTRACT Increasing orchard density is an alternative approach for enhancing productivity of the fig tree. In addition to promoting better utilization of productive areas, increased density allows for the optimization of plant management. In some situations, it may be necessary to alter the pruning system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the practices of reducing spacing and lopping shoots enhance green fig production for industrial purposes. The research was conducted in southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil (21°14’S and 45°00’W, 918 m in height) in an area with a tropical highland climate. A 3 × 2 factorial scheme was adopted, with three different plant spacings (0.50, 0.75, or 1 m, totaling plant densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 fig trees per hectare, respectively), and plants were managed with and without the lopping of productive shoots. The spacing between planting rows was standardized to 2.5 m. Two productive shoots were retained on all trees. In the lopping treatment, after the emergence of the 16th leaf, the shoot was topped (i.e., the apical bud was removed), and two new shoots were selected per productive shoot. Additional loppings were performed later, always after the emergence of the sixth leaf, totaling three loppings. Data were collected from each plot, which consisted of three useful plants, during two production cycles. It was concluded that smaller spacings decreased production per plant, but they increased green fig productivity. Lopping productive shoots increased fruit weight, the number of fruits per plant, and fig production. tree areas management situations system purposes State 21°14S 2114S S 21°14 21 14 45°00W, 4500W W 45°00 W, 45 00 45°00’W 91 height climate adopted 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 075 75 0.75 8000 8 000 8,000 5333 5 333 5,333 4000 4 4,00 hectare respectively, respectively , respectively) 25 2. treatment th leaf i.e., ie i e (i.e. removed, removed removed) later plot cycles weight 14S 2114 21°1 00W 45°00W 4500 45°0 9 0.50 05 (0.5 07 7 0.7 800 8,00 533 33 5,33 400 4,0 i.e. (i.e 211 21° 450 45° 0.5 (0. 0. 80 8,0 53 5,3 40 4, i.e (0 8, 5, (

Abstract The objective of this work was to quantify peach (Prunus persica) tree production in the Y-training and open-vase management systems, subjected to three summer pruning methods. The experiment was set up in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two management systems and three summer pruning methods (no summer pruning, summer pruning, and branch bending). The plants were arranged in two spacings: 1.5×5.0 m for the Y-training system, with 1,334 plants per hectare; and 4.0×5.0 m for open-vase system, with 500 plants per hectare. In the early summer of 2019, summer pruning was performed, being repeated in the three following years. In the branch bending treatment, new branches were twisted manually until reaching an angle of 110°. In the treatment without summer pruning, the branches were not removed. The Y-training system increases peach production. The methods of branch bending in summer and no prunning in summer provide an equivalent peach production, whereas the summer pruning treatment results in the lowest production. Prunus persica Ytraining Y training openvase open vase x 2x arrangement bending. . bending) spacings 1550 1 5 0 1.5×5. 1334 334 1,33 hectare 4050 4 4.0×5. 50 2019 performed years 110 110° removed 155 1.5×5 133 33 1,3 405 4.0×5 201 11 15 1.5× 13 3 1, 40 4.0× 20 1.5 4.0 2 1. 4.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a produção de frutos de pessegueiros (Prunus persica) sob os sistemas de manejo Y e vaso aberto, sujeitos a três métodos de poda de verão. O experimento foi instalado em arranjo fatorial 2×3, com dois sistemas de manejo e três métodos de poda de verão (sem poda de verão, poda de verão e dobramento de galhos). As plantas foram dispostas em dois espaçamentos: 1,5×5,0 m para o sistema Y, com 1.334 plantas por hectare; e 4,0×5,0 m para o sistema vaso aberto, com 500 plantas por hectare. No início do verão de 2019, foram realizadas as podas de verão, que foram repetidas nos três anos consecutivos. No tratamento dobramento de galhos, os ramos novos foram torcidos manualmente até atingirem o ângulo de 110°. Já no tratamento sem poda de verão, os ramos não foram retirados. O sistema Y aumenta a produção de pêssego. Os tratamentos dobramento de galhos no verão e sem poda de verão proporcionam equivalente produção de pêssego, enquanto o tratamento poda de verão resulta na menor produção. Prunus persica aberto 23 2 3 2×3 galhos. . galhos) espaçamentos 1550 1 5 0 1,5×5, 1334 334 1.33 hectare 4050 4 4,0×5, 50 2019 consecutivos 110 110° retirados pêssego 2× 155 1,5×5 133 33 1.3 405 4,0×5 201 11 15 1,5× 13 1. 40 4,0× 20 1,5 4,0 1, 4,

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silício (Si) sobre o cultivo e a qualidade de framboesa (Rubus idaeus). O experimento consistiu de sete tratamentos e quatro blocos em região de clima subtropical. Cada parcela foi composta de três vasos com uma muda da framboeseira 'Batum'. Em cada vaso, o tratamento consistiu de doses de Si a 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 ou 1600 mg dm-3, que foram aplicadas ao solo 15 dias após o transplante das mudas. As análises de campo foram realizadas pela medição de clorofilas a e b, potencial hídrico e produção. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à cor, firmeza, taxa respiratória, sólidos solúveis e pH. A adubação com Si estimula o aumento do número de frutos e da produção de framboesa por planta. O silício promove o aumento da produção e a firmeza dos frutos, no entanto, reduz o potencial hídrico e a taxa de respiração. (Si Rubus idaeus. idaeus . idaeus) subtropical Batum. Batum 'Batum' vaso 0 50 100 200 400 80 160 dm3, dm3 dm 3, 3 dm-3 1 mudas b cor respiratória pH planta entanto respiração 'Batum 5 10 20 40 8 16 dm- 2 4

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on the cultivation and quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus). The experiment consisted of seven treatments and four blocks located in a subtropical region. Each plot consisted of three pots with one seedling of 'Batum' raspberry. In each pot, the treatment consisted of Si doses at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg dm-3, which were applied to the soil 15 days after the transplanting of the seedlings. Field analyses were performed by measuring chlorophyll a and b, water potential, and production. Fruit were analyzed for color, firmness, respiratory rate, soluble solids, and pH. Fertilization with Si stimulates the increase of fruit number and of the raspberry production per plant. The Si application increases the fruit production and fruit firmness; however, it reduces the water potential and respiration rate. (Si Rubus idaeus. idaeus . idaeus) region Batum 'Batum pot 0 50 100 200 400 800 160 dm3, dm3 dm 3, 3 dm-3 1 seedlings b color firmness rate solids pH plant however 5 10 20 40 80 16 dm- 2 4 8

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo da poda das cultivares de amoreira-preta BRS Tupy e Brazos, para prolongar sua época de colheita e produtividade de frutos. O experimento foi realizado em uma região subtropical de altitude, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os arbustos foram conduzidos em espaçamento 3.0x0.5 m. Os tratamentos consistiram das seguintes quatro épocas de poda: uma poda convencional, com supressão das hastes produzidas em fevereiro e redução das hastes em julho; e três podas drásticas realizadas nas primeiras duas semanas de janeiro, março e maio, com aplicação de ureia a 10% e cianamida hidrogenada a 3% cinco meses depois. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x4, com duas cultivares e quatro manejos de podas, com quatro blocos. A fenologia, a produção e a qualidade físico-química das frutas foram avaliadas em dois ciclos produtivos. É possível estender a época da colheita da amora preta para cinco meses, na região subtropical de altitude de Lavras, no estado de Minas Gerais, com poda drástica em janeiro e sem irrigação. A poda drástica em janeiro ou março aumenta a produção das cultivares de amora-preta BRS Tupy e Brazos. O período prolongado de colheita não afeta a qualidade das amoras e não cria desafios para as operações de colheita. amoreirapreta amoreira Brazos frutos Gerais Brasil 30x05 x 3 0x0 5 3.0x0. m convencional julho maio 10 depois acaso 2x4 fenologia físicoquímica físico química produtivos Lavras irrigação amorapreta 30x0 0x 3.0x0 1 2x 30x 3.0x

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the pruning management of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars, in order to extend their harvest seasonality and fruit yield. The experiment was performed in an altitude subtropical region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bushes were grown at 3.0x0.5 m spacing. The treatments consisted of the four following pruning seasons: one conventional pruning, with suppression of the produced stems in February and reduction of the stems in July; and three drastic pruning performed in the first two weeks of January, March, and May, with the application of 10% urea and 3% hydrogenated cyanamide five months later. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, with two cultivars and four pruning managements, with four blocks. Fruit phenology, yield, and physicochemical quality were evaluated in two production cycles. It is possible to extend the harvest season of blackberry up to five months, in an altitude subtropical region in Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with drastic pruning in January and no irrigation. Drastic pruning in January or March increases the yield of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars. The extended harvest season does not affect the quality of blackberries and does not create challenges for harvesting operations. Gerais Brazil 30x05 x 3 0x0 5 3.0x0. spacing seasons July May 10 later blocks 2x arrangement managements phenology cycles Lavras irrigation operations 30x0 0x 3.0x0 1 30x 3.0x

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da diminuição do espaçamento entre figueiras 'Roxo de Valinhos' (Ficus carica) com diferentes números de ramos produtivos na produção de figos verdes. As figueiras, com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos, foram distribuídas em quatro blocos, com espaçamento padrão de 2,5 m entre linhas, espaçamentos entre plantas na linha de 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 m, e densidades de 8.000, 5.333 e 4.000 plantas por hectare. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois ciclos (2020/2021 e 2021/2022). Os frutos verdes foram colhidos duas vezes por semana, tendo-se quantificado o número total de frutos por colheita e o peso total de colheita por planta. A produção média por planta e a produtividade estimada foram calculadas para cada ciclo de avaliação. A diminuição do espaçamento entre as figueiras aumenta a sua produtividade. O espaçamento de 0,50 m diminui a produção por planta, mas aumenta a produtividade em 73%. Não há diferença na produção de figos verdes entre as figueiras com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos. Roxo Valinhos Ficus carica blocos 25 2 5 2, linhas 050 0 50 075 75 0,7 100 1 00 1,0 8000 8 000 8.000 5333 333 5.33 4000 4 4.00 hectare 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) semana tendose tendo se avaliação 0,5 73 73% 05 07 7 0, 10 1, 800 8.00 533 33 5.3 400 4.0 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 80 8.0 53 3 5. 40 4. 2020/20 202020 20 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 8. 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 2020/ (2020 2021/ (202 (20 (2 (

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of decreased spacing between 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig (Ficus carica) trees with different numbers of fruiting branches on green fig production. Fig trees, with two or four fruiting branches, were distributed in four blocks, at a standard spacing of 2.5 m between rows, three spacing between plants in a row (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m), and densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 plants per hectare. The experiment was conducted during two cycles (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Green fruits were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant and the estimated yield were calculated for each evaluation cycle. Decreasing the spacing between fig trees increases their yield. The spacing of 0.50 m decreases production per plant, but increases yield in 73%. There is no difference in the production of green figs between trees with two or four fruiting branches. Roxo Valinhos Ficus carica blocks 25 2 5 2. rows 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 075 75 0.75 100 1 00 1.0 m, , m) 8000 8 000 8,000 5333 333 5,333 4000 4 4,00 hectare 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) week quantified cycle 0.5 73 73% 05 (0.5 07 7 0.7 10 1. 800 8,00 533 33 5,33 400 4,0 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 0. (0. 80 8,0 53 3 5,3 40 4, 2020/20 202020 20 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 (0 8, 5, 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 ( 2020/ (2020 2021/ (202 (20 (2

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to select pear cultivars with production stability for the environmental conditions in the tropics. The design was in randomized blocks with 11 cultivars of pear, four replications and plots consisting of four plants. Between 2015 and 2019, the phenological were evaluated based on the beginning, full bloom, end and duration of flowering and harvest. The number and average fruit mass, yield per plant and estimated yield were also quantified. In the last year of evaluation, the quality of the fruits was quantified through the length and average diameter of the fruits, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content and total soluble solids / total titratable acidity ratio. The data were submitted to the Scott–Knott grouping test and to quantify the divergence between cultivars was used the genetic distance. After detecting significant interaction between genotypes × environments, phenotypic stability of pear cultivars were analyzed by GGE Biplot methods for the estimated yield variable. The ‘Tenra’, ‘Triunfo’ and ‘Seleta’ cultivars are the most suitable for cultivation in regions with subtropical altitude climate. They are genetically similar, more adapted and stable, and have full or partial synchronized flowering for satisfactory productivity. tropics 1 plants 201 2019 beginning bloom harvest mass evaluation ratio ScottKnott Scott Knott distance environments variable ‘Tenra, Tenra ‘Tenra , ‘Tenra’ ‘Triunfo Triunfo ‘Seleta Seleta climate similar stable productivity 20 2