Abstract The differential diagnosis of optic neuritis is broad and varied. We report the case of a 24-year-old Brazilian man who presented with five-week history of fever, malaise, myalgia, severe fatigue, tender right preauricular lymphadenopathy, and acute vision blurring associated with right optic disc swelling and exudates in a macular star pattern. His illness developed soon after an infestation of fleas broke out among his cats. Diagnosis of ocular bartonellosis was confirmed by serological and molecular analyses targeting amplification of Bartonella spp. htrA gene. Signs and symptoms only improved after initiation of antimicrobial therapy.

ABSTRACT Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is an angioproliferative disease of immunocompromised patients that usually presents as vascular tumors in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by chronic infections with either Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. Oral cavity BA is exceedingly rare and even rarer without simultaneous cutaneous disease. We report herein the case of a 51-year-old HIV-infected man who presented severe odynophagia and an eroded lesion on the hard palate that progressed to an oronasal fistula. No cutaneous lesions were recorded. Doxycycline led to complete resolution. To the best of our knowledge, only six previous cases of oral BA without tegumentary disease have been previously reported and none of them progressed to fistula.

Estudo de prevalência da co-infecção HIV-sífilis realizado com 830 pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial para HIV/aids entre janeiro e maio de 2005 no Hospital na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes realizaram exames de VDRL (veneral disease research laboratory), contagens de células CD4+/CD8+ e de carga viral e responderam perguntas sobre características sócio-demográficas e história prévia de sífilis. A prevalência da sífilis foi de 2,7% (22), a relação entre homens e mulheres co-infectados foi de 4:1, aproximadamente. Homossexuais masculinos foram os mais acometidos e não encontramos associação entre co-infecção e idade, escolaridade e parâmetros laboratoriais testados. Do total de casos com sífilis, 73% (16) relataram tratamento prévio; destes, 14 (88%) pacientes foram re-infectados, enquanto 2 (12%) pacientes realizaram tratamento inapropriado. A presença de co-infecção HIV-sífilis em pacientes em acompanhamento rotineiro alerta-nos para necessidade de aconselhá-los a adotar práticas sexuais seguras durante os seus atendimentos ambulatoriais.

This was a study on the prevalence of HIV-syphilis coinfection among 830 HIV/AIDS patients who were being followed up as outpatients at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro between January and May 2005. The participants underwent laboratory tests at the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) consisting of CD4+/CD8+ cell counts and viral load tests. They answered questions about their sociodemographic characteristics and past medical history of syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis was 2.7% (22 patients) and the ratio between men and women with coinfection was approximately 4:1. Homosexual men were the category most affected. We did not find any association between coinfection and age, schooling and the laboratory parameters tested. Out of the total number of patients with syphilis, 73% (16) reported previous treatment; of these, 14 (88%) were reinfected, while two (12%) underwent inappropriate treatment. The presence of HIV-syphilis coinfection among patients undergoing routine follow-up signals the need to advise them to adopt safe sex practices, during their outpatient visits.

O programa Brasileiro de DST/AIDS oferece acesso livre e universal à terapia anti-retroviral. Este estudo investiga a influência dos fatores sociodemográficos, clínico-profiláticos e terapêuticos na sobrevida, após o diagnóstico de AIDS, em uma coorte aberta de 1.420 pacientes atendida em hospital universitário na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (1995-2002). Kaplan-Meier e modelo de risco proporcional de Cox foram usados para estimar os efeitos das variáveis nas três dimensões estudadas. O tempo de sobrevida global no quartil superior foi de 24 meses (IC95%= 20,5-27,5), aumentando de 14 meses, em 1995, para 46 meses, em 1998. Encontrou-se um efeito protetor do comportamento heterossexual contra o risco de morte que pode ser atribuído à proporção crescente de mulheres na coorte, que coincide com a introdução da terapia. Baixa escolaridade, admissão hospitalar e ausência de seguimento nas consultas foram fatores de risco, enquanto a profilaxia para PCP e para toxoplasmose foram protetoras. O número de tentativas requeridas para consolidar a terapia anti-retroviral mostrou não ter efeito significativo na sobrevida. O modelo completo, incluído o número de drogas anti-retrovirais do esquema, confirmou a tripla terapia como o melhor esquema. Este estudo traz importantes informações para definir orientações que lidem com diferentes aspectos relacionados com o manuseio prático de pacientes e seus comportamentos, desta forma contribuindo para o sucesso do livre acesso à terapia anti-retroviral no controle da AIDS.

The Brazilian AIDS Program offers free and universal access to antiretroviral therapy. This study investigates the influence of sociodemographic, clinical-prophylactic and therapeutic factors on survival, after AIDS diagnosis, in an open cohort of 1,420 patients assisted in a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro (1995 _ 2002). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of variables in the three dimensions studied. The overall survival time of the upper quartile was 24 months (CI95%= 20.5-27.5), increasing from 14 months, in 1995, to 46 months, in 1998. We found a protective effect of heterosexual behavior against death that could be attributed to the increasing female-to-male sex ratio in the cohort, which coincided with the time of therapy introduction. Low schooling, hospital admission and lack of follow-up were identified as risk factors for death; PCP and Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis were protective. The number of attempts required to consolidate the antiretroviral therapy showed no significant effect on survival. The full model, which includes the number of antiretroviral drugs in the regimen, confirmed the triple therapy as the best regimen. This study brings important information for designing guidelines to deal with different aspects related to the practical management of patients and their behavior, thus contributing to the success of the program of free access to antiretroviral therapy implemented in Brazil.

O programa Brasileiro de DST/AIDS oferece acesso livre e universal à terapia anti-retroviral. Este estudo investiga a influência dos fatores sociodemográficos, clínico-profiláticos e terapêuticos na sobrevida, após o diagnóstico de AIDS, em uma coorte aberta de 1.420 pacientes atendida em hospital universitário na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (1995-2002). Kaplan-Meier e modelo de risco proporcional de Cox foram usados para estimar os efeitos das variáveis nas três dimensões estudadas. O tempo de sobrevida global no quartil superior foi de 24 meses (IC95%= 20,5-27,5), aumentando de 14 meses, em 1995, para 46 meses, em 1998. Encontrou-se um efeito protetor do comportamento heterossexual contra o risco de morte que pode ser atribuído à proporção crescente de mulheres na coorte, que coincide com a introdução da terapia. Baixa escolaridade, admissão hospitalar e ausência de seguimento nas consultas foram fatores de risco, enquanto a profilaxia para PCP e para toxoplasmose foram protetoras. O número de tentativas requeridas para consolidar a terapia anti-retroviral mostrou não ter efeito significativo na sobrevida. O modelo completo, incluído o número de drogas anti-retrovirais do esquema, confirmou a tripla terapia como o melhor esquema. Este estudo traz importantes informações para definir orientações que lidem com diferentes aspectos relacionados com o manuseio prático de pacientes e seus comportamentos, desta forma contribuindo para o sucesso do livre acesso à terapia anti-retroviral no controle da AIDS.

The Brazilian AIDS Program offers free and universal access to antiretroviral therapy. This study investigates the influence of sociodemographic, clinical-prophylactic and therapeutic factors on survival, after AIDS diagnosis, in an open cohort of 1,420 patients assisted in a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro (1995 _ 2002). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of variables in the three dimensions studied. The overall survival time of the upper quartile was 24 months (CI95%= 20.5-27.5), increasing from 14 months, in 1995, to 46 months, in 1998. We found a protective effect of heterosexual behavior against death that could be attributed to the increasing female-to-male sex ratio in the cohort, which coincided with the time of therapy introduction. Low schooling, hospital admission and lack of follow-up were identified as risk factors for death; PCP and Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis were protective. The number of attempts required to consolidate the antiretroviral therapy showed no significant effect on survival. The full model, which includes the number of antiretroviral drugs in the regimen, confirmed the triple therapy as the best regimen. This study brings important information for designing guidelines to deal with different aspects related to the practical management of patients and their behavior, thus contributing to the success of the program of free access to antiretroviral therapy implemented in Brazil.