We synthesized a series of compounds bearing pharmacologically important 1,3,4-oxadiazole and piperidine moieties. Spectral data analysis by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and EI-MS was used to elucidate the structures of the synthesized molecules. Docking studies explained the different types of interaction of the compounds with amino acids, while bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding interactions showed their pharmacological effectiveness. Antibacterial screening of these compounds demonstrated moderate to strong activity against Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis but only weak to moderate activity against the other three bacterial strains tested. Seven compounds were the most active members as acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors. All the compounds presented displayed strong inhibitory activity against urease. Compounds 7l, 7m, 7n, 7o, 7p, 7r, 7u, 7v, 7x and 7v were highly active, with respective IC50 values of 2.14±0.003, 0.63±0.001, 2.17±0.006, 1.13±0.003, 1.21±0.005, 6.28±0.003, 2.39±0.005, 2.15±0.002, 2.26±0.003 and 2.14±0.002 µM, compared to thiourea, used as the reference standard (IC50 = 21.25±0.15 µM). These new urease inhibitors could replace existing drugs after their evaluation in comprehensive in vivo studies.

The aim of the present research work was to investigate the enzyme inhibitory potential of some new sulfonamides having benzodioxane and acetamide moieties. The synthesis was started by the reaction of N-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]-dioxin-6-amine (1) with 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in the presence of 10% aqueous Na2CO3 to yield N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]-dioxin-6-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (3), which was then reacted with 2-bromo-N-(un/substituted-phenyl)acetamides (6a-l) in DMF and lithium hydride as a base to afford various 2-{2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-N-(un/substituted-phenyl)acetamides (7a-l). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their IR and 1H-NMR spectral data along with CHN analysis data. The enzyme inhibitory activities of these compounds were tested against a-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Most of the compounds exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against yeast a-glucosidase and weak against AChE. The in silico molecular docking results were also consistent with in vitro enzyme inhibition data.

Owing to valuable biological activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, sulfamoyl and piperidine functionalities, some new 1-(4-{[(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) thio]methyl}benzene sulfonyl)-4-methylpiperidine (6a-o) derivatives have been introduced. The target molecules were synthesized from different aralkyl/aryl carboxylic acids, 1a-o, through a series of steps. First the compounds, 1a-o, were converted to heterocyclic 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleophiles, 4a-o. Second an electrophile as 1-(4-bromomethylbenzenesulfonyl)-4-methylpiperidine (5) was synthesized from 4-methylpiperidine. Finally the target compounds, 6a-o, were prepared by reacting 4a-o with 5 in DMF and LiH. The final compounds were structurally elucidated by spectral data of IR, ¹H-NMR and EI-MS. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial evaluation and found to exhibit valuable results.

Abstract In the study presented here, a new series of 2-furyl(4-{4-[(substituted)sulfonyl]benzyl}-1-piperazinyl)methanone derivatives was targeted. The synthesis was initiated by the treatment of different secondary amines (1a-h) with 4-bromomethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) to obtain various 1-{[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}amines (3a-h). 2-Furyl(1-piperazinyl)methanone (2-furoyl-1-piperazine; 4) was then dissolved in acetonitrile, with the addition of K2CO3, and the mixture was refluxed for activation. This activated molecule was further treated with equi-molar amounts of 3a-h to form targeted 2-furyl(4-{4-[(substituted)sulfonyl]benzyl}-1-piperazinyl)methanone derivatives (5a-h) in the same reaction set up. The structure confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was carried out by EI-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectral analysis. The compounds showed good enzyme inhibitory activity. Compound 5h showed excellent inhibitory effect against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase with respective IC50 values of 2.91±0.001 and 4.35±0.004 μM, compared to eserine, a reference standard with IC50 values of 0.04±0.0001 and 0.85±0.001 μM, respectively, against these enzymes. All synthesized molecules were active against almost all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains tested. The cytotoxicity of the molecules was also checked to determine their utility as possible therapeutic agents.

RESUMO Tendo em vista a importância farmacológica da porção 1,3,4-oxadiazol, sintetizou-se uma série de novos derivados S-substituídos, 5a-h, de 5-(1-(4-tosi)piperidin-4-il)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-tiol (3). A reação do cloreto de p-toluenossulfonila (a), com isonipecotato de (b) etila forneceu 1-(4-tosil)piperidin-4-carboxilato de metila (1), que foi, em seguida, transformado em 1-(4-tosil)piperidin-4-carbo-hidrazida (2) por reação com hidrato de hidrazina em metanol. O composto 2 foi submetido a refluxo com CS2 na presença de KOH para se obter 5-(1-(4-tosil)piperidin-4-il)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-tiol (3). Os compostos desejados, 5a-h, foram obtidos por agitação de 3 com haletos de aralquila, 4a-h, em DMF, na presença de NaH. As estruturas dos compostos sintetizados foram elucidadas através de análise dos espectros de 1H-MNR, IR e EI-MS. Estes compostos foram, ainda, avaliados quanto à inibição das enzimas lipoxigenase e alfa-glucosidase, juntamente com a atividade antibacteriana contra bactérias Gram positivas e Gram negativas.

ABSTRACT Keeping in mind the pharmacological importance of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety, a series of new S-substituted derivatives, 5a-h, of 5-(1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (3) were synthesized. The reaction of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (a) and ethyl isonipecotate (b) produced ethyl 1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-carboxylate (1) which was further transformed into 1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-carbohydrazide (2) by hydrazine hydrate in methanol. Compound 2 was refluxed with CS2 in the presence of KOH to synthesize 5-(1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (3). The desired compounds, 5a-h, were synthesized by stirring 3 with aralkyl halides, 4a-h, in DMF using NaH as an activator. The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by 1H-NMR, IR and EI-MS spectral studies. These compounds were further evaluated for enzyme inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase and alpha-glucosidase, along with antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

resumo Uma série de acetamidas 2-{[5-(1H-indol-3-ilmetil)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-il]sulfanila} N-substituídas (8a-w) foi sintetizada em três fases. A primeira etapa envolveu a conversão sequencial de ácido 2-(1H-indol-3-il)acético (1) a éster (2), seguido por hidrazida (3) e, finalmente, a e ciclização na presença de CS2 e KOH alcoólico produziu 5-(1H-indol-3-il- metil)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-tiol (4). Na segunda etapa, aminas arílicas/aralquílicas(5a-w) reagiram com brometo de 2-bromoacetila (6), em meio básico, para se obter acetamidas 2-bromo-N-substituídas (7a-w). Na terceira etapa, estes eletrófilos (7a- w) reagiram com 4, para se obter os compostos alvo (8a-w). A elucidação estrutural de todos os derivados sintetizados foi realizada por 1H-NMR, IR e técnicas de espectrometria de EI-MS. Além disso, eles foram submetidos a triagem de atividade antibacteriana e hemolítica. Análise da inibição enzimática foi bem apoiada pelos resultados de docking molecular. Por exemplo, o composto 8q exibiu melhor potencial inibitório contra α-glicosidase, e os compostos 8g e 8b exibiram, comparativamente, melhor inibição contra butirilcolinesterase (BChE) elipoxigenase (LOX), respectivamente. Do mesmo modo os compostos 8b e 8c mostraram excelente potencial antibacteriano contra SalmonellaTyphi, semelhante ao do ciprofloxacino, antibiótico padrão usado neste estudo. Os compostos 8c e 8l também mostraram excelente potencial antibacteriano contra Staphylococcus aureus . Quase todos os compostos mostraram pequena atividade hemolítica, sendo que o composto 8p apresentou menor atividade. Assim, as moléculas sintetizadas podem ter a sua utilidade como agentes terapêuticos adequados.

abstract A series of N-substituted 2-{[5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}acetamides (8a-w) was synthesized in three steps. The first step involved the sequential conversion of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid (1) to ester (2) followed by hydrazide (3) formation and finally cyclization in the presence of CS2 and alcoholic KOH yielded 5-(1H-indole-3-yl-methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4). In the second step, aryl/aralkyl amines (5a-w) were reacted with 2-bromoacetyl bromide (6) in basic medium to yield 2-bromo-N-substituted acetamides (7a-w). In the third step, these electrophiles (7a-w) were reacted with 4 to afford the target compounds (8a-w). Structural elucidation of all the synthesized derivatives was done by 1H-NMR, IR and EI-MS spectral techniques. Moreover, they were screened for antibacterial and hemolytic activity. Enzyme inhibition activity was well supported by molecular docking results, for example, compound 8q exhibited better inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase, while 8g and 8b exhibited comparatively better inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase, respectively. Similarly, compounds 8b and 8c showed very good antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, which was very close to that of ciprofloxacin, a standard antibiotic used in this study. 8c and 8l also showed very good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus as well. Almost all compounds showed very slight hemolytic activity, where 8p exhibited the least. Therefore, the molecules synthesized may have utility as suitable therapeutic agents.

The synthesis of poly-functional moieties as one unit has been under consideration by the synthetic chemists to search out new potent molecules. 2-Chlorobenzoic acid (1) was converted to 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol (4) through a series of steps. This nucleophile was attached with different electrophiles, prepared by the reaction of aryl/alkyl amines with 2-bromoacetylbromide, in NaH/DMF to synthesize N-substituted-2-((5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl)acetamide, 7a-f. The molecule 4 was stepped to ethyl ester and carbohydrazide. The carbohydrazide was made to react with aryl carboxaldehydes in methanol to synthesize N'-substituted-2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylthio)acetohydrazide, 11a-i. The structures of all the molecules were corroborated through IR, ¹H-NMR and EI-MS spectral data. Both the series were screened for antibacterial and enzyme inhibition activity.

In the present work, S-substituted derivatives of 5-(2-nitrostyryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4) were synthesized by successive conversions of 3-(2-nitrophenyl) acrylic acid (1) into its respective ester, hydrazide and 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Finally the target compounds were obtained by reaction of 5-(2-nitrostyryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4) with a series of various electrophiles, (5a-I), in NN-dimethyl formamide (DMF) in the presence of sodium hydride (NaH). The structural characterization of these newly synthesized compounds was done by IR, ¹H-NMR, HR-MS and EI-MS spectral data. All these compounds were evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory potentials and found to exhibit broad range spectrum against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinestrase and lipoxygenase enzymes.

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant potential of the different fractions of Caryopteris odorata (Ham. ex Roxb.). The methanolic extract of this plant was dissolved in distilled water and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, successively. These organic fractions and the remaining aqueous fraction were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by different methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and ferric thiocyanate assay. The total phenolics were also determined. The results revealed that among these fractions ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed very good antioxidant potential, having an IC50 value of 8.01 ± 0.254 µg/mL. It also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (2.358 ± 0.035), FRAP value (2505.8 ± 0.58 µg/mL), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (77.53 ± 0.784 %) value and total phenolic contents (87.08 ± 1.5µg/g) as compared to other fractions.