Abstract Objective Despite an increase in the rate of successful live donor renal transplantation done annually, the number of potential recipients with acceptable donors is relegated to the ever-expanding cadaver-donor waiting list due to sensitization to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. If not sufficiently suppressed, these preformed HLA antibodies can trigger antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and early graft loss. To ameliorate this situation, various desensitization treatments are administered to provide a survival benefit to highly sensitized patients. Method One hundred and six patients in the time frame of January 2017 to March 2019 were included in the study group. The desensitization protocol included therapeutic plasma exchange and administration of low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (100 mg/kg per therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) session) to highly sensitized patients (treatment group) who subsequently underwent renal transplantation after negative pre-transplant Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Luminex crossmatch (CDC/LumXM). We compared graft survival rates between the group undergoing desensitization (treatment group) and matched control group of patients that underwent HLA-compatible transplantation. Results In the treatment group, Kaplan-Meier analysis estimates an average rate of patient graft survival of 95.2% at 3 years post-transplant, as compared with the rate of 86.9% in the same time frame for the control-matched group (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusion Desensitization treatment with TPE before live donor renal transplantation in the case of patients with HLA sensitization provides better survival benefits along with monitoring for donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) and other infections, rather than waiting for a compatible organ donor. The data lays out evidence that desensitization treatments can assist overcome HLA incompatibility barriers in live donor renal transplantation. annually everexpanding ever expanding cadaverdonor cadaver (HLA suppressed AMR (AMR loss situation 201 lowdose low dose 100 (10 mgkg mg kg (TPE session pretransplant pre transplant CDC/LumXM. CDCLumXM CDC/LumXM . CDC LumXM (CDC/LumXM) HLAcompatible KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier 952 95 2 95.2 posttransplant, posttransplant post transplant, post-transplant 869 86 9 86.9 controlmatched p 005 0 05 0.0 comparisons. comparisons comparisons) donorspecific specific DSAs (DSAs infections 20 10 (1 (CDC/LumXM 95. 8 86. 00 0. 1 (

The Simian and Sydney creases are variant palmar creases which have now drawn medical attention as their presence correlates strongly with numerous chromosomal anomalies and diseases. Works on these creases have been done on several human communities, racial and ethnic but no specific study is focussed out on the Indian populations. In this study 1000 Central Indian subjects (500 males and 500 females) aged between 5 to 70 years were randomly selected and examined by the authors. We found the prevalence of Simian, Sydney and Suwon creases in studied population of Central India is 14.4%, 3.6% and 2.4% respectively, which is a little higher than the figures for Asians and Caucasians claimed by earlier studies. There is no any association between these creases. The Simian crease is predominantly unilateral right side and associated with handedness. It is more common in males. The Sydney crease does not have unilateral or bilateral predominance and association with handedness but it is more common in females. The Suwon crease does not have unilateral or bilateral predominance and association with handedness but it is more common in males. There is no association of these creases with anomalies/diseases/syndromes. Conclusively this work draws attention to the importance of undertaking parallel investigations on every socio-cultural human group or population wherever possible.

Los pliegues simiescos y de Sydney, son pliegues palmares variantes que en la actualidad han llamado la atención médica, ya que su presencia se relaciona estrechamente con numerosas anomalías cromosómicas y enfermedades. Investigaciones sobre estos pliegues se han realizado en diferentes comunidades humanas, raciales y étnicas, pero ningún estudio específico se centra sobre las poblaciones indígenas. En este estudio 1000 sujetos de la India central (500 hombres y mujeres 500) entre 5 y 70 años fueron seleccionados al azar y examinados. Se encontró que la prevalencia de los pliegues Simiescos, de Sydney y de Suwon de la población estudiada es de 14,4%, 3,6% y 2,4% respectivamente, mayor que los porcentajes en asiáticos y caucásicos. No hay ninguna asociación entre estos pliegues. El pliegue simiesco es predominantemente unilateral derecho y se asocia con dominancia manual. Es más común en los hombres. El pliegue de Sydney no tiene predominio unilateral o bilateral, ni asociación con dominancia manual, pero es más común en las mujeres. El pliegue de Suwon no tiene predominio unilateral o bilateral, ni asociación con dominancia manual, pero es más común en los hombres. No existe ninguna asociación de estos pliegues con anomalías/enfermedades/síndromes. Se concluye la importancia de realizar investigaciones paralelas en todos los grupos humanos o socio-culturales de la población siempre que sea posible.

Chaetomium spp. are common colonizers of soil and cellulose-containing substrates. Seventeen isolates of Chaetomium spp., which included 15 isolates of C. globosum and one each of C. reflexum and C. perlucidum , were genetically characterized with universal rice primers (URP - primers derived from DNA repeat sequences in the rice genome) using polymerase chain reaction (URP-PCR). Out of the 12 URP's used in the study, nine primers were effective in producing polymorphic fingerprint patterns from DNA of Chaetomium spp . Analysis of the entire fingerprint profile using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clearly differentiated C. globosum isolates from C. perlucidum and C. reflexum . One of the primers, URP-2R, produced a uniform DNA band of 1.9 kb in all the isolates of C. globosum but not in C. perlucidum and C. reflexum , which can be used as molecular marker to differentiate C. globosum from other species. Our results indicate that URP's are sensitive and give reproducible results for assaying the genetic variability in Chaetomium spp.