O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar os padrões moleculares e de resistência aos antimicrobianos de isolados de E. coli provenientes do trato urinário de suínos no Sul do Brasil. Os fatores estudados dividiram os patotipos ETEC, STEC e UPEC. Trinta e quatro (38,63%) isolados avaliados apresentavam um ou mais dos fatores de virulência pesquisados. A freqüência dos genes de virulência detectados foram: pap (10,97%), hlyA (10,97%), iha (9,75%), lt (8,53%), sta (7,31%) sfa (6,09%), f4 (4,87%), f5 (4,87%), stb (4,87%), f6 (1,21%) e f41 (1,21%). Os isolados foram resistentes à penicilina (95,12%), lincomicina (93,9%), eritromicina (92,68%), tetraciclina (90,24%), amoxacilina (82,92%), ampicilina (74,39%), josamicina (79,26%), norfloxacina (58,53%), enrofloxacina (57,31%), gentamicina (39,02%), neomicina (37,8%), apramicina (30,48%), colistina (30,48%) e cefalexina (6,09%). Trinta e dois (39,02%) isolados de E. coli continham plasmídeos.

The present study determined the molecular and resistance patterns of E. coli isolates from urinary tract of swine in Southern of Brazil. Molecular characterization of urinary vesicle samples was performed by PCR detection of virulence factors from ETEC, STEC and UPEC. From a total of 82 E. coli isolates, 34 (38.63%) harbored one or more virulence factors. The frequency of virulence factors genes detected by PCR were: pap (10.97%), hlyA (10.97%), iha (9.75%), lt (8.53%), sta (7.31%) sfa (6.09%), f4 (4.87%), f5 (4.87%), stb (4.87%), f6 (1.21%) and f41 (1.21%). Isolates were resistant to penicillin (95.12%), lincomycin (93.9%), erythromycin (92.68%), tetracycline (90.24%), amoxicillin (82.92%), ampicillin (74.39%), josamycin (79.26%), norfloxacin (58.53%), enrofloxacin (57.31%), gentamicin (39.02%), neomycin (37.8%), apramycin (30.48%), colistine (30.48%) and cefalexin (6.09%). A number of 32 (39.02%) E. coli isolates harbored plasmids.

Diversification of bacterial species and pathotypes is largely caused by lateral gene transfer (LGT) of diverse mobile DNA elements such as plasmids, phages, transposons and genomic islands. Thus, acquisition of new phenotypes by LGT is very important for bacterial evolution and relationship with hosts. This paper reports a 23 kb region containing fourteen CDSs with similarity to the previous described Integrative Conjugal Element of Mycoplasma fermentans (ICEF). This element, named ICEH, is present as one copy at distinct integration sites in the chromosome of 7448 and 232 pathogenic strains and is absent in the type strain J (non-pathogenic). Notable differences in the nucleotide composition of the insertion sites were detected, and could be correlated to a lack of specificity of the ICEH integrase. Although present in strains of the same organism, the ICEH elements are more divergent than the typical similarity between other chromosomal locus of Mycoplasma hyopneunomiae, suggesting an accelerated evolution of these constins or an ongoing process of degeneration, while maintaining conservation of the tra genes. An extrachromosomal form of this element had been detected in the 7448 strain, suggesting a possible involvement in its mobilization and transference of CDSs to new hosts.

Primers universais, que amplificam regiões conservadas de rDNA 23S, foram utilizados para analisar 306 amostras de cultivo de sangue obtidas de 295 neonatos com um ano ou menos de idade admitidos em unidades hospitalares de tratamento intensivo. O diagnóstico molecular baseado em seqüenciamento dos produtos de PCR foi comparado com os resultados obtidos do cultivo das amostras de sangue. Os resultados foram concordantes para 277 (90.5%) das 306 amostras testadas, incluindo 263 amostras PCR-negativo e cultura-negativa e 29 amostras cultura-positiva e PCR-positivo. Comparado com o método de cultivo, a técnica de PCR combinada com seqüenciamento, apresentou maior especificidade, 88% e 96,3% respectivamente, com valores preditivos positivos e negativos de 74,3 e 98,5% respectivamente. Concluímos que a técnica baseada em PCR utilizando amostras de cultivo de sangue, obtidas de neonatos com suspeita de sepse bacteriana, apresenta boa correlação com os métodos de cultivo convencionais. A metodologia de PCR/seqüenciamento apresenta aplicabilidade como técnica complementar para o diagnóstico da sepse neonatal. Esta metodologia fácil de ser executada fornece resultados confiáveis podendo ser recomendada para utilização no diagnóstico de amostras obtidas durante o tratamento antimicrobiano especialmente quando o resultado do cultivo permanece negativo. Apresenta, também, potencial de utilização na identificação de espécies bacterianas com problemas de classificação pelos métodos convencionais microbiológicos.

A broad-range bacterial PCR target to conserved regions of the 23S rDNA was applied to 306 blood culture samples from 295 infants (up to one year of age) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Classic blood culture results were compared to DNA sequencing analysis of the PCR amplification products. Culture results were in agreement to DNA sequencing in 90.5% (277) of 306 samples tested, including 263 PCR and culture negative samples and 29 culture and PCR positive samples. The sensitivity of the PCR method combined with sequencing was 88%, and the specificity was 96.3%, with positive and negative predictive values of 74.3 e 98.5%, respectively. The PCR-based approach directly applied to blood culture samples, correlated well with blood culture results from neonates with presumptive diagnosis of bacterial sepsis. The PCR/sequencing approach is suggested to be a valuable complementary data for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. This methodology is relatively easy and reliable giving accurate results that can be applied to samples colleted during antimicrobial treatment or by a hospital clinical procedure, especially when routine cultures are negative. It can also be useful for the identification of rare bacterial species and for those isolates not readily identified by microbiological tests.