Abstract Spore forming bacteria can play an important role in food quality and safety as spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms due to resistance to heat-treatment. However, there are limited number of studies focused on evaluate the microbiological quality and the occurrence of these bacteria in UHT goat milk, soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein. In this context, 75 samples of these beverages were evaluated regarding heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms by conventional plate count and selective methods to detect microorganisms from Bacillus cereus group and Clostridium perfringens. Population counts greater than 104 CFU.ml-1 of heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms were observed in 80% of the lots of goat milk and 100% of the lots of soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein. The presence of bacteria belonging to B. cereus group was observed in 16%, 52% and 44% of goat milk, soymilk and dairy beverage of goat milk and soy protein, respectively. C. perfringens was isolated from 8% samples of UHT soymilk. The frequency of genes hblA, hblB, hblC, nheA, nheB, nheC in 29 isolates obtained from these products was 62%, 48.2%, 96.5%, 79.3%, 68.9% and 79.3%, respectively. The microbiological quality of the evaluated products was unsatisfactory.

Através de métodos bacteriológicos convencionais, avaliou-se a contaminação por Clostridium perfringens na ração e água utilizadas na alimentação e dessedentação de frangos de corte em diferentes regiões avícolas do interior paulista. C. perfringens esteve presente em 42 e 30% das amostras de ração e águas analisadas, respectivamente. As médias das contagens foram 6,7 x 10-2UFC mL para as amostras de água e 3,69 x 10-2UFC g para as de rações. As altas freqüências e contagens de C. perfringens verificadas nas rações e nas águas podem estar associadas à falta de higiene geral na manipulação e armazenamento dos mesmos. Sugere-se o monitoramento periódico da presença de C. perfringens nestas fontes, com a finalidade de evitar tal patógeno, em vista que o mesmo pode causar um surto de enterite necrótica levando, assim a grandes prejuízos na produção avícola.

Through conventional bacteriological methods, the contamination by Clostridium perfringens was evaluated in the ration and water used in the feeding of poultry chickens from different region of the interior from São Paulo. C. perfringens was present in 42 and 30% of the ration samples and waters analyzed respectively. The averages of the countings were 6.7 x 10-2CFU mL for the samples of water and 3.69 x 10-2CFU g for rations. The high frequencies and countings of C. perfringens verified in the rations and in the waters may be associated to the lack of general hygiene in the manipulation and storage of the same ones. These suggests a periodic monitoration of the presence of C. perfringens in these sources, with the purpose of avoiding such pathogen, in view that this organism can provoke an outbreak of necrotic enteritis, and cause great damages in the poultry production.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do leite UHT caprino, 100 amostras provenientes das regiões Sul e Sudeste do país foram analisadas através do isolamento e da identificação de bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. e Clostridium sp.. Com exceção do Clostridium sp., todos os gêneros estudados foram isolados. A presença de bactérias mesofílicas foi positiva em 21% das amostras. Bacillus sp. e Staphylococcus sp. foram isoladas em 32% e 36% das amostras analisadas respectivamente. As contagens de Staphylococcus sp. foram em média de 5,21x10¹UFC mL-1, enquanto que para Bacillus sp. foi de 4,87x10¹UFC mL-1. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o processo térmico UHT utilizado nas amostras de leite não foi suficiente para destruir os microrganismos. Os resultados servem de alerta às autoridades responsáveis pela saúde pública para o risco potencial de determinadas bactérias produtoras de toxinas causarem intoxicação alimentar. Estes dados ressaltam a importância da criação de programas efetivos de controle e prevenção destes agentes desde a obtenção do leite até seu beneficiamento.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of UHT (Ultra High Tempereture) goat milk. Microbiological analysis was used for detection and isolation of the genera Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Clostridium sp. in one hundred of samples from different regions of the country. All genera mentioned, excepting Clostridium sp., have been found in the analyzed samples. The mesophilic bacteria were positive in 21% of samples. Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were isolated in 32% and 36% of the analysed samples respectivelly . The mean of Staphylococcus sp. were of 5,21x10¹CFU mL-1. Meanwhile for Bacillus sp. were 4,87x10¹CFU mL-1. The results suggest that thermal process UHT used in these samples was not enough to destroy the microorganisms. This information is important to warn Public Health authorities about the potential risks of these food-poisoning microorganisms. Effective improvement of programs is necessary to control and prevent these agents therefore improving milk quality.

O besouro Alphitobius diaperinus spp (cascudinho) é visto como uma importante praga da avicultura mundial. Por suas características comportamentais e hábitos biológicos que dificultam seu controle, é considerado um vetor de agentes patogênicos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o cascudinho como possível vetor de Clostridium perfringens em granjas avícolas industriais, localizadas em diferentes regiões do interior Paulista. Através de métodos bacteriológicos convencionais, em 40 amostras analisadas, foram encontradas contagens significativas de Clostridium perfringens em todas elas. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se demonstrar o potencial deste inseto como vetor do agente responsável pela enterite necrótica.

The Alphitobius diaperinus spp (lesser mealworm) is considered an important world poultry plague. Due to its behavior characteristics and biological habits that make its control difficult it is considered a vector of pathogenic agents. The objective of this research was to investigate the little mealworm as possible vector of Clostridium perfringens in broiler houses, located in different parts of the state of São Paulo. Through conventional bacteriological methods, 40 samples of little mealworm collected were analyzed. Clostridium perfringens was found in all of the samples and the potential of this insect as vector of the necrotic enteritis was demonstrated.

Escherichia coli faz parte da microbiota anaeróbica facultativa normal, sendo também considerada um dos maiores patógenos entéricos predominantes no cólon dos animais e homem. Neste trabalho, realizaram-se ensaios "in vitro" para avaliar o grau de atividade antagonista de cinco cepas de Lactobacillus acidophilus, com capacidade probiótica sobre Escherichia coli BIA 26 (STEC) isolada de queijo "Minas Frescal". Para tanto, foi utilizado o teste de inibição através do método de dupla camada em triplicata para avaliar zonas de inibição de crescimento. Todas as cepas de Lactobacillus mostraram-se capazes de inibir a E. coli, com zonas de inibição variando de 12 a 15mm de diâmetro, sendo que a maioria apresentou 14mm de diâmetro, consideradas como fortes halos de inibição.

Escherichia coli is part of the normal facultative anaerobic microflora and one of the major enteric pathogens in the colon of animals and humans. In vitro trials were conducted to evaluate the level of antagonistic activity of five strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus with probiotic effect on Escherichia coli BIA 26 (STEC), which was isolated from 'Minas frescal' cheese. Inhibition assays were carried out using the double layer method in triplicates to evaluate growth inhibition zones. All L. acidophilus strains were capable to inhibit E. coli, with inhibition zones ranging from 12 to 15mm, but mostly around 14mm in diameter, and considered strong inhibition halos.