Abstract Little information is available on the adverse effects of expired pesticides on the environment, so it is essential to characterize the risk of these chemicals to non-target organisms. Therefore, this work aims to estimate and compare the acute toxicity (LD50) of unexpired and expired formulations of malathion, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin in rats and to determine their residues in the liver and kidneys of treated rats. This is the first study to investigate the toxic effects of expired pesticides on rats. The acute toxicity of expired lambda-cyhalothrin was higher than that of non-expired rats, while the opposite was observed in rats treated with malathion and chlorpyrifos. All formulations tested caused clinical signs of toxicity in the treated rats. The data showed that some expired formulations significantly affected body weight and estimated vital signs compared to non-expired pesticides. The data showed that the highest residues were found in the liver and kidneys of rats treated with both malathion formulations, followed by chlorpyrifos; however, the lowest residues were found in rats treated with lambda-cyhalothrin, which can be referred to as LD50 values of the insecticides tested. The residues detected after the 10th dose gradually decreased at the end of the recovery period, and their losses ranged from 80.0 to 95.4% in the liver and from 92.3 to 99.99% (undetectable). The results show that the toxic effects of expired and non-expired formulations are different. This underlines the need to dispose of expired compounds carefully to prevent their discharge into the ecosystem. environment nontarget non target organisms Therefore LD (LD50 chlorpyrifos lambdacyhalothrin lambda cyhalothrin nonexpired however lambdacyhalothrin, cyhalothrin, LD5 th period 800 80 0 80. 954 95 4 95.4 923 92 3 92. 9999 99 99.99 undetectable. undetectable . (undetectable) different ecosystem (LD5 8 9 95. 999 99.9 (undetectable (LD 99.

Resumo Poucas informações estão disponíveis sobre os efeitos adversos dos pesticidas vencidos no ambiente, por isso é essencial caracterizar o risco dessas substâncias químicas para organismos não alvo. Portanto, este trabalho visa estimar e comparar a toxicidade aguda (LD50) de formulações de malatião, clorpirifós e lambda-cialotrina em ratos e determinar seus resíduos no fígado e rins de ratos tratados. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar os efeitos tóxicos dos pesticidas vencidos em ratos. A toxicidade aguda da lambda-cialotrina vencida foi maior do que a dos ratos não vencidos, enquanto o contrário foi observado em ratos tratados com malatião e clorpirifós. Todas as formulações testadas causaram sinais clínicos de toxicidade nos ratos tratados. Os dados mostraram que algumas formulações vencidas afetaram significativamente o peso corporal e os sinais vitais estimados em comparação com pesticidas não vencidos. Os dados mostraram que os resíduos mais elevados foram encontrados no fígado e nos rins dos ratos tratados com ambas as formulações de malatião, seguidos por clorpirifós; no entanto, os resíduos mais baixos foram detectados em ratos tratados com lambda-cialotrina, o que pode ser relacionado aos valores de LD50 dos inseticidas testados. Os resíduos detectados após a 10ª dose diminuíram gradualmente no final do período de recuperação, e suas perdas variaram de 80,0% a 95,4% no fígado e de 92,3% a 99,99% (indetectável). Os resultados mostram que os efeitos tóxicos das formulações vencidas e não vencidas são diferentes. Isso destaca a necessidade de eliminar cuidadosamente os compostos vencidos para evitar o seu descarte no ecossistema. ambiente alvo Portanto LD (LD50 lambdacialotrina lambda cialotrina entanto lambdacialotrina, cialotrina, LD5 testados ª recuperação 800 80 0 80,0 954 95 4 95,4 923 92 3 92,3 9999 99 99,99 indetectável. indetectável . (indetectável) diferentes ecossistema (LD5 8 80, 9 95, 92, 999 99,9 (indetectável (LD 99,

BACKGROUND: Quality maternal health care is central to the Sustainable Development Goals efforts to reduce maternal mortality, yet there remain limited quantitative data on maternal care inequities for women with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to understand the differences in maternal care providers for women with and without disabilities. METHOD: We used Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 13 sub-Saharan African countries conducted between 2017-2020. We used logistic and multinomial logistic regression to examine the relationship between disability (Washington Group definition) and antenatal care attendance and the type of care provider for antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postnatal and postpartum checks. All analyses were adjusted for age, wealth, country, and location. RESULTS: The sample included 10 021 women, including 306 (3.1%) women with disabilities. There were small absolute and no relative differences in antenatal care attendance, qualified antenatal care provider, postnatal, and postpartum checks, for disabled and women without disabilities. Women with disabilities had some evidence of higher odds of having a doctor at their birth compared to women without disabilities (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.99-2.33). CONCLUSION: This study shows small absolute and no relative differences between women with and without disabilities for antenatal access and provider types for maternal care, though these findings are limited by a small sample and no data on care quality, acceptability, or outcomes. More research on care quality and outcomes is needed. CONTRIBUTION: This study is the first quantitative, multi-country study in sub-Saharan Africa to examine maternal care seeking patterns, demonstrating important data on maternal health indicators for women with disabilities.

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatitis (NAFP) is one of the metabolic syndrome manifestations that need further studies to determine its molecular determinants and find effective medications. We aimed to investigate the potential effect of benzyl propylene glycoside on NAFP management via targeting the pancreatic cGAS-STING pathway-related genes (DDX58, NFκB1 & CHUK) and their upstream regulator miRNA (miR-1976) that were retrieved from bioinformatics analysis. Methods The rats were fed either normal chow or a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS), as a nutritional model for NAFP. After 8 weeks, the HFHS-fed rats were subdivided randomly into 4 groups; untreated HFHS group (NAFP model group) and three treated groups which received 3 doses of benzyl propylene glycoside (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks, parallel with HFHS feeding. Results The molecular analysis revealed that benzyl propylene glycoside could modulate the expression of the pancreatic cGAS-STING pathway-related through the downregulation of the expression of DDX58, NFκB1, and CHUK mRNAs and upregulation of miR-1976 expression. Moreover, the applied treatment reversed insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis observed in the untreated NAFP group, as evidenced by improved lipid panel, decreased body weight and the serum level of lipase and amylase, reduced protein levels of NFκB1 and caspase-3 with a significant reduction in area % of collagen fibers in the pancreatic sections of treated animals. Conclusion benzyl propylene glycoside showed a potential ability to attenuate NAFP development, inhibit pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis and reduce the pathological and metabolic disturbances monitored in the applied NAFP animal model. The detected effect was correlated with modulation of the expression of pancreatic (DDX58, NFκB1, and CHUK mRNAs and miR-1976) panel.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a major driver of morbidity and mortality in adults living with HIV. The drivers of cardiovascular disease in children living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) with sustained HIV viral suppression are unclearOBJECTIVES: We explored the contribution of HIV-specific risk factors to arterial stiffness independently of traditional risk factors (metabolic syndrome [MetS]) in prepubertal children with PHIV with sustained viral suppression in a low-income country in AfricaMETHOD: For this cross-sectional analysis, arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity z-score (PWVz), measured using a Vicorder device. Metabolic syndrome components were measured. We retrospectively collected the antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposures, HIV stage, CD4 count and HIV viral load. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed for MetS components, retaining age and gender as obligatory variables. We then added HIV-related metrics to assess whether these had an independent or additive effectRESULTS: We studied 77 virally suppressed children with PHIV without evidence of cardiovascular disease (from medical history and physical examination). In the initial model, the PWVz was independently associated with each MetS component. The PWVz was higher in participants with proportionally greater visceral fat (waist/height ratio), elevated lipids (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio) and insulin resistance (log homeostatic model assessment [HOMA]). The addition of age at ART initiation increased the model R² value from 0.36 to 0.43. In the resulting model, younger age at ART initiation was independently associated with a better PWVz (P < 0.001CONCLUSION: Earlier ART initiation was independently associated with lower large artery stiffness. This effect was independent of the effect of elevated lipids, visceral fat and insulin resistance

Pepper production (Capsicum spp.) is severely affected by infection of Phytophthora capsici LEO. The search for genetic resistance in native pepper populations is considered an alternative to solve this phytosanitary problem. The resistance to Phytophthora capsici of 29 accessions collected in the State of Puebla, México was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. Appearance of symptoms, incidence, accumulated necrosis in the base of the stem, and the disease progress curve were registered as response variable. Variance analysis and means comparisons showed significant differences between populations, thus indicating that some materials have particular defense mechanisms that could be explored and used in plant breeding protocols.

Las pérdidas en la producción de chile (Capsicum spp.) ocasionadas por infección con Phytophthora capsici LEO. han llegado a ser considerables, por lo que se ha planteado enfrentar el problema fitosanitario mediante la búsqueda de resistencia genética en las poblaciones de chile nativo. Se evaluó bajo condiciones de invernadero la resistencia a P. capsici de 29 poblaciones de chile colectadas en el sur del Estado de Puebla. Se registraron las variables: aparición de síntomas, incidencia y acumulación de necrosis en la base del tallo, y aspecto general de la planta; además, se obtuvo el área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad tanto en incidencia como en severidad. Los análisis de varianza y comparación de medias mostraron diferencias significativas entre poblaciones, lo cual indica que algunos materiales presentan mecanismos de defensa particulares que podrían ser explorados y aprovechados en programas de mejoramiento.