Resumo Os trabalhos têm mostrado demanda crescente na busca de práticas para produção de mudas de espécies florestais, destacando tendências no aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos, inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e adubação fosfatada. Objetivou-se por meio deste estudo avaliar o efeito de resíduos orgânicos, inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e fósforo no crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. Dois experimentos foram realizados independentes. Para o Experimento I, os tratamentos consistiram na inoculação com as espécies de FMA: controle (sem-inoculado), Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus heterosporum, Rhizophagus clarum e MIX (mistura das três espécies de FMA), todos associados a doses de fósforo (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 mg kg-1 de solo). Para experimento II, os tratamentos consistiram em uma testemunha (sem FMA) e inoculação com Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora albida, Clareoideoglomus etunicatum e MIX (mistura das quatro espécies de FMA), associados a quatro substrato: S1) solo + areia grossa – SCS, S2) SCS + esterco de aves, S3) SCS + esterco bovino e S4) ECS + esterco ovino. Mudas de P. dubium apresentaram maior crescimento com a inoculação de R. heterosporum, R. clarum e MIX. As mudas responderam positivamente ao uso de resíduos orgânicos, principalmente esterco ovino, aumentando a produção de biomassa e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Mudas de P. dubium se beneficiaram da inoculação com FMA, sendo que os inóculos R. heterosporum, R. clarum e MIX proporcionaram as melhores condições de crescimento. Mudas de P. dubium responderam expressivamente no crescimento e qualidade ao uso de resíduos orgânicos, principalmente ao esterco de galinha e bovino. florestais orgânicos FMA (FMA fosfatada Objetivouse Objetivou Spreng. Spreng (Spreng. Taub independentes I seminoculado, seminoculado sem inoculado , (sem-inoculado) heterosporum mistura 0, 0 (0 60 120 18 24 kg1 kg 1 kg- solo. . solo) II margarita albida substrato S1 S S2 aves S3 S4 ovino P R Dickson (Spreng (sem-inoculado ( 6 12 2

Abstract Studies have underscored a growingdemand for innovative practices in the cultivation of seedlings from forest species, with a notable emphasis on the utilization of organic waste, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and phosphate fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of organic residues, inoculation with AMF, and phosphorus on the growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. seedlings. Two independent experiments were conducted. In Experiment I, treatments included inoculation with various AMF species: control (without inoculation), Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus heterosporum, Rhizophagus clarum, and MIX (a combination of the three AMF species), all in conjunction with varying doses of phosphorus (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 mg kg-1 soil). In Experiment II, treatments comprised a control group (without AMF) and inoculation with Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora albida, Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, and MIX (a combination of the four AMF species), each associated with four substrates: S1) soil + coarse sand – SCS, S2) SCS + poultry manure, S3) SCS + cattle manure, and S4) SCS + sheep manure. Peltophorum dubium seedlings exhibited heightened growth with the inoculation of R. heterosporum, R. clarum, and MIX. Positive responses were observed in seedlings when exposed to organic residues, particularly sheep manure, resulting in increased biomass production and enhanced Dickson quality index. The AMF inoculation, specifically with R. heterosporum, R. clarum, and MIX, provided optimal growth conditions for P. dubium seedlings. Remarkably, the utilization of organic residues, notably substrates with chicken manure and cattle manure, exerted substantial positive effects on both growth and quality of P. dubium seedlings. species waste , (AMF) fertilization residues Spreng. Spreng (Spreng. Taub conducted I without inoculation) etunicatum heterosporum clarum species) 0, 0 (0 60 120 180 24 kg1 kg 1 kg- soil. . soil) II margarita albida S1 S S2 S3 S4 R index P Remarkably (AMF (Spreng ( 6 12 18 2

Pancreatic bioengineering is a potential therapeutic alternative for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in which the pancreas is decellularized, generating an acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which may be reconstituted by recellularization with several cell types to generate a bioartificial pancreas. No consensus for an ideal pancreatic decellularization protocol exists. Therefore, we aimed to determine the best-suited detergent by comparing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), and Triton X-100 at different concentrations. Murine (n=12) and human pancreatic tissue from adult brain-dead donors (n=06) was harvested in accordance with Institutional Ethical Committee of the University of São Paulo Medical School (CEP-FMUSP) and decellularized under different detergent conditions. DNA content, histological analysis, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy were assessed. The most adequate condition for pancreatic decellularization was found to be 4% SDC, displaying: a) effective cell removal; b) maintenance of extracellular matrix architecture; c) proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and collagen fibers preservation. This protocol was extrapolated and successfully applied to human pancreas decellularization. The acellular ECM scaffold generated was recelullarized using human pancreatic islets primary clusters. 3D clusters were generated using 0.5×104 cells and then placed on top of acellular pancreatic slices (25 and 50 μm thickness). These clusters tended to connect to the acellular matrix, with visible cells located in the periphery of the clusters interacting with the ECM network of the bioscaffold slices and continued to produce insulin. This study provided evidence on how to improve and accelerate the pancreas decellularization process, while maintaining its architecture and extracellular structure, aiming at pancreatic bioengineering. T1D TD T D (T1D (ECM exists Therefore bestsuited best suited SDS, SDS , (SDS) SDC (SDC) X100 X 100 X-10 concentrations n=12 n12 n 12 (n=12 braindead brain dead n=06 n06 06 (n=06 CEPFMUSP CEP FMUSP (CEP-FMUSP conditions content analysis assessed 4 displaying removal b c proteoglycans GAGs, GAGs (GAGs) preservation 05104 0 5 104 0.5×10 25 (2 thickness. thickness . thickness) insulin process structure (SDS (SDC X10 10 X-1 n=1 n1 (n=1 n=0 n0 (n=0 (GAGs 0510 0.5×1 2 ( X1 X- n= (n= 051 0.5× (n 05 0.5 0.

Resumo Nós fornecemos aqui um inventário da ictiofauna do município de Cerqueira César, na drenagem do médio rio Paranapanema, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As coletas foram conduzidas em 10 córregos e no Rio Novo, um importante curso d’água da drenagem do Rio Paranapanema. Nós capturamos um total de 808 indivíduos compreendendo 49 espécies de peixes. Entre nossas principais descobertas—além da alta riqueza de espécies na região amostrada—foi a captura de uma espécie provavelmente não descrita de Cambeva e do poeciliídeo não nativo Poecilia reticulata. Alguns indivíduos não foram identificados com precisão ao nível da espécie, e necessitam de futuras avaliações. Nosso estudo preenche uma lacuna importante sobre a ictiofauna do município de Cerqueira César e poderá, futuramente, auxiliar novos estudos sobre impactos nos corpos hídricos da região estudada. Paranapanema Paraná Paulo Brasil 1 Novo dágua d água 80 4 peixes descobertasalém descobertas além amostradafoi amostrada foi reticulata avaliações poderá futuramente estudada 8

Abstract Here we provide an ichthyofaunistic inventory of the Cerqueira César municipality, in the middle Paranapanema River drainage, upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Collections were carried out in 10 streams and in the Novo River, an important watercourse in the Paranapanema River basin. We caught a total of 808 individuals comprising 49 fish species. Among our main findings—in addition to the high species richness in the sampled region—was the capture of a probably undescribed species of Cambeva and the non-native poeciliid Poecilia reticulata. Some individuals were not identified accurately at the species level, requiring future evaluations. Our study fills an important gap on the ichthyofauna of the municipality of Cerqueira César and may, in the future, assist in new studies on impacts on waterbodies in the studied region. drainage basin State Brazil 1 80 4 findingsin findings regionwas region was nonnative non native reticulata level evaluations may 8

Resumo A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) representa uma cultura de importância econômica, social e ecológica para as regiões de cultivo. Devido às variações químicas, físicas e biológicas que ocorrem nos diferentes solos onde a erva-mate é explorada economicamente, as associações simbióticas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) garantem a capacidade da planta de absorver nutrientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e quantificar a ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em diferentes ambientes de cultivo de erva-mate. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro áreas localizadas na zona rural do município de Seberi/RS: Ambiente com produção de erva-mate no sistema convencional, sistema silvipastoril, sistema orgânico e mata nativa. As suposições de normalidade dos resíduos e homogeneidade das variâncias foram verificadas pelos testes de Lilliefors e Qui-quadrado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Além de cálculos de diversidade, espécies equivalentes e índices de equivalência. A presença de esporos de FMAs apresentou relação direta com a disponibilidade de fósforo (P) em cada tratamento, com redução na contagem no sistema orgânico, com teor de P inferior a 3 mg kg-1 de solo. As espécies com maior predominância foram as Acaulosporaceae (Acaulospora colombiana, A. delicata e A. tuberculata), seguidas pelas Glomaceae (Glomus ambisporum e Glomus pansihalos) nos sistemas convencional e silvipastoril. Os sistemas silvipastoril e convencional apresentaram os maiores níveis de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H') e equitabilidade de Pielou, demonstrando maior diversidade e consequentemente maior riqueza e uniformidade. ervamate erva mate Ilex paraguariensis econômica químicas economicamente FMA (FMA nutrientes ervamate. mate. Seberi/RS SeberiRS Seberi RS nativa Quiquadrado Qui quadrado 5 erro equivalência (P tratamento kg1 kg 1 kg- solo Acaulospora colombiana tuberculata, tuberculata , tuberculata) pansihalos ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' Pielou uniformidade (H

Abstract Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) represents a culture of economic, social, and ecological importance for the cultivation regions. Due to the chemical, physical, and biological variations that occur in the different soils where yerba mate is economically exploited, the symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) guarantee the plant's ability to absorb nutrients. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different environments of yerba mate cultivation. The research was performed in four areas located in the rural area of the municipality of Seberi/RS: Environment with production of yerba mate in the conventional system, silvopastoral system, organic system, and native forest. The normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances assumptions were verified using the Lilliefors and Chi-square tests and the averages compared by the Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. In addition to calculations of diversity, equivalent species, and evenness indices. The presence of AMF spores showed a direct relationship with the phosphorus (P) availability in each treatment, with a count reduction in the organic system, with P content lower than 3 mg kg-1 of soil. The species with the highest predominance were the Acaulosporaceae (Acaulospora colombiana, A. delicata, and A. tuberculata), followed by the Glomaceae (Glomus ambisporum and Glomus pansihalos) in the conventional and silvopastoral systems. The silvopastoral and conventional systems showed the highest levels of Shannon-Weaver diversity (H') and Pielou's evenness, demonstrating greater diversity and consequently greater richness and uniformity. Ilex paraguariensis economic social regions chemical physical exploited (AMF plants plant s nutrients Seberi/RS SeberiRS Seberi RS system forest Chisquare Chi square Tukeys Tukey 5 error indices (P treatment kg1 kg 1 kg- soil Acaulospora colombiana A delicata tuberculata, tuberculata , tuberculata) pansihalos ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' Pielous Pielou uniformity (H

Resumo A capsaicina (CAP) é o principal composto responsável pelo sabor picante das plantas de Capsicum. No entanto sua aplicação pode ser inibida devido à sua pungência e toxicidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar o efeito citotóxico do CAP e seus análogos N-benzilbutanamida (AN1), N-(3-metoxibenzil)butanamida (AN2), N -(4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzil)butanamida (AN3), N-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzil) hexanamida (AN4) e N-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzil) tetradecanamida (AN5) em células do hepatoma de Rattus norvegicus pelo teste do MTT. Os resultados mostraram citotoxicidade da CAP em concentrações de 100, 150, 175 e 200 μM (24 horas), AN1 em 150 e 175 μM (48 horas), AN2 em 50 μM (24 horas) e 10, 25, 50 e 75 μM (48 horas), AN4 em 175 μM (24 horas) e AN5 em 50 μM (48 horas). A remoção do radical hidroxila do grupo vanilil da capsaicina, juntamente com a redução da cadeia acila para 3 carbonos, caso do AN2, foi o que resultou na melhor atividade biológica. O aumento da cadeia carbônica no grupo acil da molécula de capsaicina, caso da AN5, também demonstrou efeitos citotóxicos evidentes. O presente estudo comprova que as modificações químicas da capsaicina alteraram sua atividade biológica. (CAP Capsicum toxicidade Nbenzilbutanamida benzilbutanamida AN1, AN , (AN1) N3metoxibenzilbutanamida Nmetoxibenzilbutanamida metoxibenzil butanamida (AN2) 4hidroxi3metoxibenzilbutanamida hidroximetoxibenzilbutanamida 4 hidroxi AN3, AN3 (AN3) N4hidroxi3metoxibenzil Nhidroximetoxibenzil N-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzil (AN4 (AN5 MTT 100 17 20 24 (2 horas, horas 15 48 (4 5 10 25 7 horas. . carbonos biológica evidentes (AN1 metoxibenzilbutanamida (AN2 (AN3 (AN 1 2 (

Abstract Capsaicin (CAP) is the main compound responsible for the spicy flavor of Capsicum plants. However, its application can be inhibited due to its pungency and toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effect of CAP and its analogs N-benzylbutanamide (AN1), N-(3-methoxybenzyl) butanamide (AN2), N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) butanamide (AN3), N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) hexanamide (AN4) and N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) tetradecanamide (AN5) on the hepatoma cells of Rattus norvegicus using the MTT test. The results showed cytotoxicity of CAP at concentrations of 100, 150, 175, and 200 μM (24 hours), AN1 at 150 and 175 μM (48 hours), AN2 at 50 μM (24 hours) and 10, 25, 50, and 75 μM (48 hours), AN4 at 175 μM (24 hours), and AN5 at 50 μM (48 hours). Removing the hydroxyl radical from the vanillyl group of capsaicin, together with reducing the acyl chain to 3 carbons, which is the case of AN2, resulted in the best biological activity. Increasing the carbon chain in the acyl group of the capsaicin molecule, which is the case of AN5, also showed evident cytotoxic effects. The present study proves that the chemical modifications of capsaicin changed its biological activity. (CAP plants However toxicity Nbenzylbutanamide N benzylbutanamide AN1, AN , (AN1) N3methoxybenzyl Nmethoxybenzyl methoxybenzyl N-(3-methoxybenzyl (AN2) N4hydroxy3methoxybenzyl Nhydroxymethoxybenzyl 4 hydroxy N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl AN3, AN3 (AN3) (AN4 (AN5 test 100 20 24 (2 hours, hours 15 17 48 (4 5 10 25 7 hours. . carbons activity molecule effects (AN1 (AN2 (AN3 (AN 2 ( 1

Resumo Os produtos cárneos representam um importante componente da dieta humana e constituem uma boa fonte de nutrientes. Microrganismos de origem alimentar são os principais patógenos que causam doenças humanas como resultado do consumo de alimentos, principalmente, produtos de origem animal. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris frente às cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus saprophyticus isoladas de produtos cárneos. Para isso, foram realizadas as análises de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) em placas de microdiluição. Assim como, o estudo de associação do produto com antimicrobianos, realizado por difusão em disco. E a atividade antiaderente, que foi determinada na presença de sacarose, em tubos de vidro. O óleo de tomilho apresentou uma forte atividade inibitória contra K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa e S. saprophyticus, com os valores de CIM variando entre 64 a 512 μg/mL, e efeito bactericida para a maioria das cepas, com valores de CBM entre 256 a 1.024 μg/mL. O óleo de T. vulgaris exibiu interações variadas na associação com os antimicrobianos, com efeitos sinérgicos (41,67%), indiferente (50%) e antagonista (8,33%). Em relação a atividade antiaderente, o produto teste foi eficaz na inibição a aderência de todas cepas bacterianas em estudo. Portanto, o óleo de tomilho apresenta-se como agente antibacteriano e antiaderente frente a K. pneumoniae, a P. aeruginosa e a S. saprophyticus, sendo um produto natural que pode representar uma alternativa interessante nos esforços para combater doenças transmitidas por alimentos. nutrientes alimentos principalmente animal pneumoniae isso (CIM (CBM microdiluição antimicrobianos disco sacarose vidro K P S 6 51 μgmL μg mL μg/mL 25 1024 1 024 1.02 T 41,67%, 4167 41,67% , 41 67 (41,67%) 50% 50 (50% 8,33%. 833 8,33% . 8 33 (8,33%) Portanto apresentase apresenta se 5 2 102 02 1.0 416 41,67 4 (41,67% (50 83 8,33 3 (8,33% 10 0 1. 41,6 (41,67 (5 8,3 (8,33 41, (41,6 ( 8, (8,3 (41, (8, (41 (8 (4

Abstract Meat products represent an important component of the human diet and are a good source of nutrients. Food-borne microorganisms are the main pathogens that cause human diseases as a result of food consumption, especially products of animal origin. The objective of the present research was to verify the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. For this, the analyses of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were performed in microdilution plates. The association of the product with antimicrobials was also studied using disk diffusion. And the anti-adherent activity, which was determined in the presence of sucrose, in glass tubes. Thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, with the MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 μg/mL, and bactericidal effect for most strains, with MBC values ranging from 256 to 1,024 μg/mL. T. vulgaris oil exhibited varied interactions in association with the antimicrobials, with synergistic (41.67%), indifferent (50%) and antagonistic (8.33%) effects. Regarding the anti-adherent activity, the test product was effective in inhibiting the adherence of all bacterial strains under study. Therefore, thyme oil presents itself as an antibacterial and anti-adherent agent against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, being a natural product that can represent an interesting alternative in the efforts to combat foodborne diseases. nutrients Foodborne Food borne consumption origin pneumoniae this (MIC (MBC plates diffusion antiadherent anti adherent sucrose tubes K P S 6 51 μgmL μg mL μg/mL 25 1024 1 024 1,02 T 41.67%, 4167 41.67% , 41 67 (41.67%) 50% 50 (50% 8.33% 833 8 33 (8.33% effects study Therefore 5 2 102 02 1,0 416 41.67 4 (41.67% (50 8.33 83 3 (8.33 10 0 1, 41.6 (41.67 (5 8.3 (8.3 41. (41.6 ( 8. (8. (41. (8 (41 (4

Reinforced concrete beam (RCB) elements show low mechanical performance when interfacial bonding strength (IBS) is not well controlled. New tailorable material-structure arrangements - Metamaterials - offer solutions to the IBS problem. This paper analyzes the mechanical characteristics of IBS on RCBs for reinforced cement mortar containing Metamaterial bars (MMB) that were machined from SAE 1020 Carbon steel. Each MMB has a stepped geometrical shape, with a cylindrical bar divided into equal-length segments, along with a ’rise height’ (p) change. Four geometries were defined, i.e., R0− Smooth bar, R1− p = 0.1mm, R2− p =0.3mm and R3− p=0.5mm. Three-point flexural strength tests were performed on the RCBs to determine the maximum bond strength (ML) between the MMB and cement mortar. Images of interfacial regions were obtained using SEM and 3D Roughness Reconstruction software to calculate the average roughness (Ra) and the roughness height (Rz). The reinforcement MMB geometry had a significant impact on the ML results, particularly on the first crack strength and the failure mode. The R3 geometry ML values were higher than the other tested geometries (44.5%). The results of the scale models are encouraging and offer a novel and prospective direction for further experimental and even numerical Metamaterial research to improve interfacial bond strength.

Abstract Wastes management studies concerning slaker grits, a rich calcium carbonate landfilled residue from the pulp and paper industry, are focused on their application in the construction field due to their calcareous nature. To the best of our knowledge, slaker grits addition in a high calcium content ceramic frit formulation and their behavior as a glaze has not yet been explored, being the aim of this work. Grits were added as a calcium oxide source in 0, 50%, and 100%, and the frits were analyzed regarding their chemical composition, devitrification, sintering behavior, morphology, colorimetric coordinates, and scratch resistance. By means of comparison, the commercial frit was also characterized. The glazes were analyzed by their physical and thermal properties and scratch resistance. Grits did not prevent the vitreous phases obtention and, compared to the commercial frit, presented a similar behavior, although resulted in higher wollastonite devitrification that directly affected glazes’ thermal properties, sintering contraction, linear thermal expansion coefficient, among others. A great outcome was the quartz scratch resistance of the glaze containing the highest grits content, revealing an optimized behavior. Grits residue proved to be a promising alternative raw material capable of generating sustainable and economic perspectives for the ceramic coating sector.

Resumo O concreto autoadensável (CAA) é um material que apresenta alta trabalhabilidade e moderada viscosidade quando comparado ao concreto convencional. Em função de suas vantagens, nas últimas décadas, o CAA vem sendo investigado e as pesquisas abordam a utilização de novos componentes em sua estrutura e a busca pela melhoria de seu desempenho, tanto no estado fluido quanto no endurecido. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de argamassas autoadensáveis com fíler calcário e com a adição de cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (CBCA) em substituição parcial ao agregado miúdo. Para atingir este objetivo, inicialmente, uma taxa de substituição de areia natural por CBCA foi definida. Na sequência, foram realizados ensaios de espalhamento e funil-V com o intuito de verificar o comportamento das argamassas no estado fresco. Após a verificação do comportamento das argamassas em seu estado fresco, a série de traços que obteve os melhores aspectos de fluidez e viscosidade foi selecionada, e, para as argamassas autoadensáveis foram moldados corpos-de-prova para determinação da resistência à tração aos 28 dias, e resistência à compressão aos 7 e 28 dias. As análises experimentais demonstraram um aumento de viscosidade e redução da fluidez à medida em que se aumentava o teor de fíler calcário, facilitando a obtenção de argamassas autoadensáveis. Com relação ao desempenho do material no estado endurecido, as argamassas apresentaram leve incremento de resistência à tração e à compressão, devido ao efeito fíler dos finos. Foi possível substituir 40% do agregado miúdo por CBCA.

Abstract Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a material with high workability and moderate viscosity when compared to conventional concrete. Due to its advantages, the SCC has been investigated in the last decades and the research studies the use of new components in its structure and the search for the improvement of its performance, both in the fluid and in the hardened state. The goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of self-compacting mortars with limestone filler and with the addition of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) partially replacing the small aggregate. To reach this goal, initially, a rate of replacement of natural sand by SBA was set. Afterwards, slump-flow and funnel-V tests were carried out in order to check the behavior of the mortars in the fresh state. After checking the behavior of the mortars in their fresh state, the different mix proportions that achieved the best aspects of fluidity and viscosity was selected, and, for self-compacting mortars, specimens were molded to determine tensile strength at 28 days, and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. The experimental analyses demonstrated an increase in viscosity and reduction in fluidity with increasing content of limestone filler, facilitating the obtaining of self-compacting mortars. Regarding the performance of the material in the hardened state, the mortars showed a slight increase in tensile and compressive strength due to the filler effect of fines. It was possible to replace 40% of the small aggregate with SBA.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com a presente pesquisa, avaliar a viabilidade de Aspergillus spp. com potencial probiótico durante o armazenamento e diante da pressão da microbiota autóctone, bem como a tolerância aos principais ácidos graxos da fermentação ruminal. Verificou-se também a inocuidade micotoxicológica desses isolados fúngicos cultivados em meio de cultivo sólido. Foram avaliados 20 isolados de Aspergillus spp., provenientes do trato gastrointestinal de bovinos criados em Urochloa decumbens lignificada. Esses fungos foram identificados por análise de sequências do DNAr e foram selecionados por apresentarem expressivo potencial celulolítico. O método vapor de amônia foi utilizado para detecção de cepas produtoras de micotoxinas. Os isolados foram avaliados quanto à viabilidade de crescimento em fluido ruminal por até 96 horas e estocagem em condições ambientais. Observou-se que os fungos avaliados não produziram aflatoxinas e que 95% dos isolados apresentaram resistência aos ácidos ruminais. Dois isolados, selecionados a partir das análises anteriores, apresentaram viabilidade sob a pressão da microbiota autóctone e de metabólitos do ecossistema ruminal e permanecem viáveis por, no mínimo, dois anos. Conclui-se que os isolados do gênero Aspergillus selecionados nesta pesquisa apresentam características fisiológicas para serem utilizados com aditivos microbianos ou probióticos para o ambiente ruminal.

ABSTRACT The aims in this study were to evaluate the viability of Aspergillus spp. with probiotic potential during storage, pressure of autochthonous microbiota and tolerance to the main fatty acids of ruminal fermentation. The mycotoxicological safety was also verified. Twenty isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of cattle raised in lignified Urochloa decumbens were identified by rDNA sequence analysis and were previously selected because they showed significant cellulolytic potential. The ammonia vapor method was used to detect the production of mycotoxins. The isolates were evaluated for viability of ruminal fluid growth for up to 96 hours and storage under environmental conditions. The evaluated fungi did not produce aflatoxins, and 95% of them had resistance to ruminal acids. Two isolates, selected according these tests, presented viability on autochthonous microbiota pressure and metabolites from the ruminal ecosystem and remain viable for at least two years. In this research, the selected Aspergillus spp. isolates present physiological characteristics to be used with microbial additives or probiotic.

Resumo Membranas de compósitos Pd/α-Al2O3 com uma e duas camadas de Pd foram preparadas pelo processo electroless plating sobre tubos cerâmicos porosos. A análise de espectroscopia por dispersão de energia confirmou a composição química do suporte cerâmico (Al e O) e da membrana com Pd (Al, O e Pd), bem como a espessura da camada de Pd de 0,8 μm (uma camada) e 1,3 μm (duas camadas). As imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostraram que a superfície da membrana foi mais uniforme com uma camada do que duas camadas de Pd. O difratograma de raios X registrou picos referentes à fase α-alumina. A porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio apresentou diâmetro de poro em torno de 5 nm e volume máximo de Hg intrudado de 0,0081 cm3.g-1. Os testes de permeabilidade aos gases mostraram que as membranas possuem seletividade α de 3,79 para o par H2/CO2 com um camada de Pd e de α=3,43 para o par H2/CH4 com duas camadas de Pd.

Abstract Composite membranes Pd/α-Al2O3 with one and two Pd layers were prepared by electroless plating process on porous ceramic tubes. The analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the chemical composition of the ceramic support (Al and O) and of the membrane with Pd (Al, O and Pd), as well the thickness of Pd layer of 0.8 μm (one layer) and 1.3 μm (two layers). Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the surface membrane was more uniform with one layer than two Pd layers. The X-ray diffraction pattern recorded peaks assigned to α-alumina phase. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed a pore diameter around 5 nm and maximum intruded Hg volume of 0.0081 cm³.g-1. Gas permeability tests showed that the membranes had selectivity α of 3.79 for H2/CO2 pair with one Pd layer and α=3.43 for H2/CH4 pair with two Pd layers.

Resumo A proposta de um sistema que possibilita a determinação do coeficiente de permeabilidade à água em concretos permeáveis de forma prática, sem a necessidade de dispositivos que requeiram instrumentação complexa, é um dos objetivos deste trabalho. Uma matriz experimental foi proposta para a avaliação do sistema de medição do coeficiente de permeabilidade em concretos permeáveis considerando três concretos permeáveis diferentes, obtidos a partir de diferentes tamanhos granulométricos de agregados, sob condição de amostra seca e saturada de água. Os concretos permeáveis foram caracterizados por índice de vazios e propriedades mecânicas, tendo posteriormente suas propriedades comparadas às de um concreto referência, composto por agregados graúdos e miúdos. As diferentes propriedades neste estudo foram determinadas visando validar a matriz experimental desenvolvida para concretos permeáveis e propondo fornecer uma base de comparação com as informações disponíveis na literatura. Como resultado, evidenciou-se que o coeficiente de permeabilidade de 0,21 cm.s-1 foi obtido para o concreto com dimensões de agregados de 2,4 a 9,5 mm. É possível medir o coeficiente de permeabilidade do concreto permeável com o sistema desenvolvido neste estudo, sendo que os resultados obtidos estão em acordo com a descrição do ACI522-06 para concretos permeáveis.

Abstract Proposing a system which makes it possible to determine the water permeability coefficient in pervious concretes in a practical way, without the need of devices which require complex instrumentation, is one of the aims of this work. An experimental matrix was proposed for the evaluation of the measurement system of the coefficient of permeability into pervious concrete considering three different pervious concretes obtained from different aggregate granulometric sizes, under the condition of dry sample or water saturated. The pervious concretes were characterized by their void contents, mechanical properties and later compared with the properties of a reference, control concrete made up of coarse and fine aggregates. The different properties exhibited in this study were assessed aiming at validating the experimental matrix developed for pervious concretes to provide a basis for comparison with information available in the literature. As a noticeable result, it was evidenced that the permeability coefficient of 0.21 cm.s-1 obtained for concrete with aggregate dimensions of 2.4 to 9.5 mm. It is possible to measure the coefficient of permeability of pervious concrete with the system developed in this study; the obtained results agree with the description of ACI522-06 for pervious concretes.

Abstract Biosensors based on nanomaterial composites have been investigated for their potential to function as high sensitivity signal response devices. In the present study, we report the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on a graphite epoxy composite electrode (GEC) and mixed with the polyaniline (a conductive emeraldine salt form polymer) composite electrode (AgNPs/PANI/GEC), in order to compare the performance of the generated electrochemical response signals. Cyclic voltammetry tests were conducted to compare the quality and intensity of signals from the different prepared electrodes. Tests for the AgNPs/PANI/GEC electrodes were made with and without the enzymes alcohol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase immobilized on the composite surface. The prepared AgNPs/PANI/GEC nanocomposite was evaluated by thermal analysis. Scanning electron microscopy images and EDX were obtained for characterization of the electrode surface morphology. Square wave voltammetry techniques were then employed for ethanol analysis with the AOX/HRP/AgNPs/PANI/GEC biosensor achieving good results in a range of 0.37M to 0.65 M.