Abstract The climatic and edaphic conditions of the semi-arid Brazilian Northeast region limit the production of several annual crops, including cotton. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and select water stress tolerant cotton lines based on yield and fiber quality traits. Twenty cotton lines were evaluated in Alagoinha-PB over two years under rainfed conditions. Individual and joint analysis of variance was performed on the data. Genetic parameters were determined, and lines were selected using the selection index. The lines CNPA SA 2019-115, CNPA SA 2019-185, CNPA SA 2019-109, and CNPA SA 2019-165 were selected for further tests in the region for recommendation of new cultivars. These lines can form new blocks of crosses, together with the BRS 286 check cultivar, as they have the best mean yield and fiber quality values, with the expectation of significant genetic gains. semiarid semi arid crops traits AlagoinhaPB Alagoinha PB data determined index 2019115, 2019115 2019 115, 115 2019-115 2019185, 2019185 185, 185 2019-185 2019109, 2019109 109, 109 2019-109 2019165 165 2019-16 cultivars crosses 28 cultivar values gains 201911 201 11 2019-11 201918 18 2019-18 201910 10 2019-10 201916 16 2019-1 2 20191 20 1 2019-

ABSTRACT. Cotton is one of the largest agricultural commodities that generate various sources of foreign exchange and employment worldwide. However, water deficiency is an environmental factor that limits the production of this crop, especially in semi-arid regions. We evaluated pyruvate supplementation to mitigate the effects of water stress on colored cotton. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. We studied two forms of pyruvate supplementation (SP1- via seed and foliar and SP2- only via foliar); three conditions of irrigation management of the plants: water restriction in the vegetative phase (VE), flowering (FL), and vegetative and flowering (VE/FL); and additional treatment (total irrigation throughout the crop cycle and without pyruvate supplementation). The experimental design included a randomized block in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme. The factors resulted in seven treatments with three replications, with a total of 21 experimental units. Gas exchange, enzyme activity, and production of components were evaluated. Water restriction in the vegetative phase does not cause losses in BRS Jade cotton when supplemented with pyruvate. However, in the flowering and vegetative phases plus flowering, it reduces gas exchange and production components and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in relation to plants under full irrigation. Supplementation with pyruvate via seed plus foliar (SP1) was better for BRS Jade cotton grown under water restriction. ABSTRACT worldwide However semiarid semi arid regions greenhouse SP1 SP (SP1 SP2 foliar) VE, VE , (VE) FL, FL (FL) VE/FL VEFL (VE/FL) supplementation. . supplementation) scheme replications units (SP (VE (FL (VE/FL

Abstract This study aimed to select cotton genotypes adapted to semi-arid conditions grown with supplementary irrigation. Two experiments were carried out between March and July 2016 in Serra Talhada- Pernambuco and Apodi-Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Eighteen elite genotypes bred by Embrapa Cotton and two controls (BRS 286 and BRS 336) were evaluated under drip and sprinkler irrigation. The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design with four replications. Agronomic and fiber quality traits were evaluated. The data were subjected to individual and combined analysis of variance, and genotypes were selected by the Mulamba and Mock selection index (1978). The genetic parameters evidenced the possibility of significant gains in the selection process of cotton plants. The four genotypes (CNPA 2006-3052, CNPA 2004-266, CNPA 2006-1073, and CNPA 2005-125) with highest total genetic gains for the studied traits were considered the most promising.

Abstract Information about combining ability is important in determining breeding strategies. The objective of this study was to estimate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities among twenty cotton hybrid combinations submitted to water stress, based on agronomic traits. The trails were carried out in semiarid environment (Barbalha, CE), during two years, in dry season under irrigation, and submitted to 23 days of water suppression. Wide variability was verified among parents and their hybrids, with additive effects to seed yield, lint percentage, blooming and boll weight. Dominance effect was found only to plant height. The combinations BRS 286 x CNPA 5M, BRS RUBI x CNPA 5M, FM 966 x CNPA 5M and BRS 286 x BRS Seridó showed the best SCAs and averages for the majority of the traits. In addition, at least one of their parents had high CGA. These combinations must be advanced in cotton breeding program.

RESUMO Sete descritores bioquímicos foram utilizados para estimar a variabilidade genotípica de linhagens de amendoim submetidas a estresse hídrico moderado. Seis genótipos, sendo quatro linhagens e duas cultivares, foram cultivados em vasos, cada um contendo duas plantas e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Aos 15 dias após a emergência, procedeu-se a diferenciação dos tratamentos: Controle, as plantas mantidas com rega diariamente; Estresse, as plantas submetidas à suspensão total de rega durante 15 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com esquema fatorial 6 x 2 (genótipos x tratamentos hídricos), com cinco repetições. As variáveis bioquímicas avaliadas foram: catalase (CAT), ascorbato peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), prolina livre, carboidratos totais, proteínas solúveis e aminoácidos. Baseado nos resultados das análises bioquímicas e de estimativa da variabilidade genotípica, a prolina demonstrou ser o descritor mais adequado para seleção de genótipos tolerantes ao estresse hídrico, contribuindo para indicar as linhagens L81V e L108V como mais promissoras, para um programa de melhoramento visando tolerância à seca.

ABSTRACT Seven biochemical descriptors were used to estimate the genotypic variability of peanut in response to moderate water stress. Six genotypes, constituted by four lines and two cultivars, were grown in pots, each containing two plants. At 15 days after emergence (DAE), the treatment differentiation was carried out: Control-plants maintained with daily watering, and Stress-plants submitted to water stress by complete suspension of watering for 15 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial scheme 6 x 2 (genotype x water treatments), with five replications. The biochemical variables evaluated were: catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), free proline, total carbohydrates, soluble proteins, and amino acids. Results obtained by biochemical analysis and estimation of genotypic variability indicated that proline is the most appropriate descriptor for selecting genotypes tolerant to water stress, which led to identification of L81V and L108V as promising lines for drought tolerance breeding program.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade de oito genótipos de amendoim ereto e comparar os modelos de análise de EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966), WRICKE (1965) e LIN & BINNS (1988), baseando-se em dados de produtividade de vagens e sementes. Os genótipos de amendoim foram avaliados em 14 ambientes situados nas Regiões Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, durante os anos de 2006 a 2011, sob o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Verificou-se que, entre os três métodos estudados, os de EBERHART & RUSSELL(1966) e LIN & BINNS (1988) geraram informações concordantes para estimativas de adaptação e estabilidade de produção de vagens e sementes, baseando-se nas condições deste estudo. Os genótipos L7 Bege e BRS 151 L7 foram os mais produtivos, com adaptabilidade específica a ambientes favoráveis, enquanto que CNPA 280 revelou adaptabilidade ampla e alta estabilidade fenotípica.

This study aimed to estimate the stability and adaptability parameters in upright-peanut genotypes, based on pod and seed yield, through EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966), WRICKE (1965) and LIN & BINNS (1988) methodologies. The genotypes were evaluated in 14 environments located in Northeast and Midwest regions, during 2006 to 2011, in a randomized blocks design, with five replications. EBERHART & RUSSELL (1966) and LIN & BINNS (1988)methodologies revealed similar results, identifying genotypes with high adaptability and stability to pod and seed yield. The BRS 151 L7 and L7 Bege were the most productive, revealing specific adaptability to favorable environment, while CNPA 280 AM revealed broad adaptability and high phenotypical stability.

The temporal expression of gene sor1 and the inhibitory effect of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench against weeds were studied by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction and intercropping management, respectively. To quantify sor1 expression, seeds were sown in pots and RNA was collected from the roots at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days after emergence (DAE). In the inhibition assay, cotton and three weeds were evaluated during single cropping and during intercropping with S. bicolor. The assay was completely randomized, with eight replications. We found early expression of sor1 in most S. bicolor accessions by 5 DAE, and a gradual reduction thereafter. Only one of the accessions showed sor1 expression up to 30 DAE. In the inhibition assay, the most significant effects were related to the dry matter production (shoots and roots) of the weeds Cenchrus echinatus and Cynodon dactylon. The intercropping of cotton and S. bicolor had no apparent deleterious effects.

Marcadores ISSR foram utilizados para discriminar acessos intraespecíficos de amendoim e utilizar os mais divergentes para geração de variabilidade por meio de cruzamentos. Os acessos foram cultivados em casa de vegetação e aos 20 dias após o plantio foram coletadas folhas para extração de DNA e posterior ensaios de PCR-ISSR. Dez primers foram utilizados gerando bandas mono e polimórficas. Dentre eles, os mais responsivos em termos de discriminação dos acessos foram UBC-818 e UBC-842, que geraram, respectivamente, 14 e 12 bandas e taxa de polimorfismo de 64 e 83%. Os primers UBC-847 e UBC-858 geraram poucas bandas e mais de 60% foram monomórficas, de pouco valor para estudos de discriminação de acessos por meio de marcadores do tipo ISSR. Três grupos distintos foram formados no dendrograma, entre os quais, dois genótipos de maior divergência, representados pela cultivar BR 1 (precoce, de porte ereto) e a linhagem LViPE-06 (tardio e rasteiro), foram selecionados para os trabalhos de hibridação para gerar variabilidade genética. As progênies F2 resultantes apresentaram larga variabilidade genética, de grande contribuição para os trabalhos de seleção no melhoramento do amendoim. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível confirmar a contribuição das ferramentas moleculares como auxiliar nos trabalhos de seleção de amendoim.

ISSR markers were used to discriminate intraspecific peanut accessions, and to utilize the most divergents aiming to generate variability by crossing. The accessions were grown in a greenhouse and at 20 days after sowing, leaves were collected for DNA extraction and subsequent ISSR-PCR tests. Ten primers were used to generate mono and polymorphic bands. Among them, the most contributive to discriminating accessions were UBC-818 and UBC-842, which respectively produced 14 and 12 bands, and a polymorphism rate of 64 and 83%. The primers UBC-847 and UBC-858 generated few bands, with over 60% monomorphic and low contribution to studies of access discrimination using ISSR markers. Three distinct clusters were formed in the dendrogram, among which two genotypes with greater divergence, represented by cultivar BR 1 (short cycle and upright) and line LViPE-06 (late cycle and runner), were selected for hybridization to generate genetic variability. The resulting F2 progenies showed broad genetic variability, with large contribution to selection procedures for the to assist selection procedures in peanut. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to confirm the contribution of molecular tools to assist selection procedures in peanut.

Cinco genótipos de amendoim de diferentes hábitos de crescimento foram submetidos a estresse hídrico moderado durante 7 dias em casa de vegetação. O plantio foi feito em vasos de 15 litros contendo solo e substrato (Plantmax®), otimizados para a cultura. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com esquema bi-fatorial 5 × 2 (5 genótipos × 2 tratamentos hídricos), com cinco repetições. As atividades enzimáticas da SOD, CAT, APX e GPX foram analisadas, além do acúmulo de carboidratos, amido e prolina. Em função do déficit hídrico submetido, verificou-se aumento nas atividades da SOD e da CAT em todos os genótipos, tanto nas folhas quanto na raiz, destacando-se as cv. 55 437 e BR 1 e a linhagem LBM Branco. O acúmulo de prolina e redução do teor de amido foram verificados em todos os genótipos, em resposta ao déficit hídrico, porém o teor de carboidratos foi elevado só nos materiais mais tolerantes. Em função das respostas obtidas, destacam-se como materiais mais tolerantes as cultivares 55 437 e BR 1, seguidas por LBM Branco. LBR Branco tem comportamento intermediário e LViPE 06 é o material mais sensível.

Five peanut genotypes, with different growth habits were submitted to moderate water stress in a greenhouse for seven days. Seeds were planted in 15-litre pots containing soil and a substrate (Plantmax®), both optimized for the crop. The adopted experimental design was completely randomized, using a 5 x 2 bi-factorial scheme(5 genotypes × 2 water treatments) with five replications. The enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, APX and GPX were analyzed, as well as the carbohydrate, starch and proline. An increased activity was shown in SOD and CAT enzymes for all genotypes submitted to water stress, in both leaf and root, especially in the 55 437 and BR1 cultivars and also in LBM Branco line. Proline accumulation and reduced starch were verified in all stressed genotypes, but carbohydrate content was increased just in tolerant materials. Based on results, 55 437 and BR1 were more tolerant to water stress, followed by LBM Branco. The LBR Branco shows intermediate behavior and LViPE- 06 was more sensitive.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade da produção de vagens e de sementes de genótipos de amendoim rasteiro com base em metodologias de regressão não linear e análise AMMI. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de 11 ensaios, distribuídos em seis ambientes e três safras agrícolas, realizados na região Nordeste, no período das águas. Efeitos significativos de genótipos (G), ambientes (A) e da interação GA foram detectados nas análises e indicaram comportamento diferente entre os genótipos em condições ambientais favoráveis e desfavoráveis. Os genótipos BRS Pérola Branca e LViPE‑06 são os mais estáveis e adaptados ao ambiente semiárido, enquanto o LGoPE‑06 é material promissor para a produção de vagens, embora seja altamente dependente de ambiente favorável.

The objective of this work was to estimate the stability and adaptability of pod and seed yield in runner peanut genotypes based on the nonlinear regression and AMMI analysis. Yield data from 11 trials, distributed in six environments and three harvests, carried out in the Northeast region of Brazil during the rainy season were used. Significant effects of genotypes (G), environments (E), and GE interactions were detected in the analysis, indicating different behaviors among genotypes in favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. The genotypes BRS Pérola Branca and LViPE‑06 are more stable and adapted to the semiarid environment, whereas LGoPE‑06 is a promising material for pod production, despite being highly dependent on favorable environments.

Linhagens de elite e cultivares de amendoim rasteiro foram avaliadas quanto às suas produtividades de grãos e de óleo, visando uma posterior indicação ao mercado de óleo comestível ou combustível. Os genótipos foram cultivados no período das águas, durante dois anos, em Barbalha, CE, sob o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. A colheita foi efetuada entre 110 e 135 dias após o plantio. As variáveis analisadas foram produtividade em vagens, sementes e óleo. O óleo bruto foi extraído aplicando-se a tecnologia convencional de soxhlet, utilizando-se éter de petróleo como solvente. Posteriormente, procedeu-se às análises dos ácidos graxos por meio de cromatografia gasosa. Baseando-se nos ensaios de produção, os materiais de maior produção de grãos foram LViPE-06 e BRS Pérola Branca, com médias de 3,04 t ha-1 de vagens e 2,13 t ha-1 de sementes. Esses materiais também se destacaram para o segmento oleoquímico, baseando-se no teor de óleo e na relação de ácidos graxos O/L, que se situaram em 51% e 1,9, respectivamente.

Top lines and cultivars of runner peanut genotypes were analyzed as to grain and oil yield, aiming further recommendation to edible or combustible oil market. The genotypes were cultivated during wet seasons for two years, at the city of Barbalha, state of Ceará, Brazil, by using a complete randomized block design with five replicates. The harvest took place from 110 to 135 days after planting. Pod, grain and oil yields were registered in each plot. Crude oil was extracted by soxhlet protocol, by using petroleum ether as a solvent. Afterwards, fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Based on yield tests, LViPE-06 and BRS Pérola Branca showed the highest grain yields, with pod and seed yield averages of 3.04 kg ha-1 and 2.13 kg ha-1, respectively. These genotypes also stood out as to oil chemistry industry, based on oil content and ratio of oleic/ linoleic fatty acids, which were 51 and 1.9, respectively.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar entre os caracteres de amendoim: número de ginóforos totais (NGT), número de ginóforos no terço inferior da planta (NGTI), número de vagens maduras (NVM), altura da haste principal (AHP), eficiência reprodutiva (EF1 e EF2), via análise do coeficiente de correlação e coeficiente de trilha, os de maior contribuição na seleção para produção de vagens maduras. O ensaio constituiu de 15 progênies F2:3, resultantes do cruzamento entre a variedade BR 1 e a linha avançada CNPA 280 AM. O delineamento adotado foi blocos ao acaso com três repetições. As linhagens de melhor desempenho para eficiência reprodutiva foram as identificadas como L.8 e L.11. Na análise de trilha, o número de ginóforos no terço inferior da planta mostrou forte efeito direto sobre número de vagens maduras, credenciando-o para a seleção em populações de amendoim para número de vagens maduras.

By correlation and path-coefficient analysis, the most relevant traits for selection for peanut pod yield were identified among the following: total number of pegs (TNP), number of pegs in the lower third of the plant (NPLTh), number of mature pods (NMP), main stem height (MSH), and reproductive efficiency (EF1 and EF2). The trial consisted of 15 F2:3 progenies derived from a cross of variety BR 1 and the advanced line CNPA 280 AM, evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. The lines with best reproductive efficiency were L.8 and L.11. Path analysis detected a strong direct effect of the number of pegs in the lower plant third on the number of mature pods. This finding justifies the use of the number of pegs in the lower plant third in selection of peanut populations for number of mature pods.

Resumo Os parâmetros genéticos em linhagens F2 de amendoim foram estimados baseando-se em descritores associados ao ginóforo, em dois municípios de Pernambuco - Brasil. Noventa indivíduos, obtidos a partir de cruzamento recíproco, e seus genitores foram avaliados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, considerando-se os descritores: número de ginóforos totais, número de ginóforos no terço inferior, altura da haste principal e número de vagens/planta. Estimou-se também a eficiência reprodutiva das linhagens, baseando-se nas relações número de vagens por planta (NVP)/número de ginóforos totais (NGT) e número de vagens por planta (NVP)/número de ginóforos no terço inferior da planta (NGTI). Os componentes de variância foram estimados pelo Método da Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) e os valores genotípicos foram preditos pelo método da Melhor Predição Linear Não-Viesada (BLUP). A herdabilidade para todos os descritores situou-se entre baixa e mediana, indicando que a seleção inicial das plantas, baseadas nesses descritores, tem eficiência limitada. Correlações genéticas positivas foram encontradas entre o número de ginóforos totais (NGT) x número de vagens por planta (NVP) e número de ginóforos no terço inferior da planta (NGTI) x número de vagens por planta (NVP), sendo os descritores número de ginóforos no terço inferior da planta (NGTI) e número de ginóforos totais (NGT) úteis em processos de seleção, focalizando-se na produção de vagens.

Abstract Genetic parameters of traits related to peanut pegs were assessed from F2 lines carried out on two environments, in Pernambuco state - Brazil. Ninety lines and ancestors were evaluated in completely randomized block based on these traits: total number of pegs, pegs located at lower third of the plant, main axis height and number of pods per plant. Reproductive efficiency was also estimated based on number of pods per plant (NVP)/total number of pegs (NGT) and number of pods per plant (NVP)/pegs located at lower third of the plant (NGTI) rations. Variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method (REML) and the genotypic values were predicted by Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). The heritability estimates were low and median for all traits. It was found that selection based on these traits has limited benefits on initial breeding. Genetic correlations were found between total number of pegs (NGT) x number of pods per plant (NVP) and pegs located at lower third of the plant (NGTI) x number of pods per plant (NVP). The traits total number of pegs (NGT) and pegs located at lower third of the plant (NGTI) could be used on further selection procedures focusing on pod productions.

Nos procedimentos de detecção de allexivirus em bulbos de alho, tem-se como rotina o plantio de bulbilhos para obtenção de tecido foliar a ser analisado via testes sorológicos e/ou moleculares. A disponibilização das plantas em casa de vegetação implica em gastos com a manutenção e requer, em média, 30 dias. Em áreas isentas desses vírus, corre-se, ainda, o risco de sua introdução e disseminação. No presente trabalho buscou-se ajustar um protocolo para detecção rápida de allexivírus em alho a partir de primórdios foliares. Bulbilhos de alho para consumo, oriundos do Rio Grande do Sul e importados da Argentina foram dissecados para obtenção de primórdios foliares e extração de RNA total a partir de 0,1 g de tecido. A seguir foram conduzidas reações de RT-PCR com um par de oligonucleotídeos, capaz de gerar um fragmento de aproximadamente 500 pb relativo à porção interna do gene da capa protéica de várias espécies do gênero Allexivirus. Uma banda com tamanho aproximado de 500 pb foi visualizada, em gel de agarose e, posteriormente, confirmada por Southern Blot e por seqüenciamento como sendo Garlic vírus C (GarV-C, AY170322.1). A obtenção de RNA total diretamente de primórdios foliares de bulbilhos e seu uso em análise de RT-PCR, constituem-se em uma metodologia econômica, rápida e segura para a detecção de allexivírus em bulbos de alho.

Cloves crop is a routinely practice often used in procedures for detecting allexiviruses in garlic bulbs to obtainment foliar tissue to be analyzed by serological and/or molecular tests. The availability of the plants under greenhouse implies is expenses with the maintenance and requires abaut 30 days. In areas free of these viruses, there is also the risk of their introduction and dissemination. This study presents an adjustment of protocol aiming a fast detection of allexiviruses, using primordial leaves. Cloves of consumption-garlic, from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and imported from Argentina were dissected for obtaining primordial leaves and total RNA extraction, using 0,1g of tissue of each sample. RT-PCR reactions were performed with a pair of primers able to amplify a 500 bp fragment, corresponding to the internal region of the coat protein gene from several species of Allexivirus genus. A band in the expected height (500 pb) was visualized in agarose gels and further confirmed using Southern Blot test and by sequencing as Garlic virus C (GarV-C, AY170322.1). Total RNA obtained from foliar primordia of cloves and its use in RT-PCR analysis is an economic, fast and secure methodology for allexivirus detection in garlic bulbs.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de nove genótipos de amendoim, a partir dos dados de produtividade em vagens e sementes, em oito ambientes do Estado de Pernambuco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Para análise dos parâmetros de estabilidade, adotou-se o método de Eberhart & Russell. No aspecto produtividade, verificou-se que os genótipos BR1, BRS Havana, BRS 151 L7, CNPA 280 AM e L7 Beje destacaram-se na produção de vagens e sementes, com médias de 3.106 kg ha-1 e 2.068 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Considerando-se a produtividade de vagens e sementes, verificou-se que a cultivar BRS 151 L7, além de produtiva, possui ampla adaptabilidade e comportamento previsível nos ambientes estudados, enquanto os genótipos BR 1, BRS Havana e L7 Beje apresentam ampla adaptabilidade e alta estabilidade apenas quanto à produtividade de sementes.

The objective of this work was to estimate stability and adaptability parameters, related to pod and seed yields, of nine peanut genotypes evaluated in eight environments of Pernambuco State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with five replicates. The method of Eberhart & Russell was utilized. The genotypes BR1, BRS Havana, BRS 151 L7, CNPA 280 AM e L7 Beje showed high pod and seed production, with yield averages of 3,106 kg ha-1 and 2,068 kg ha-1, respectively. However, taking into account both pod and seed yields, BRS 151 L7 showed high production, broad adaptability and previsible behavior in the environmental conditions evaluated; and genotypes BR 1, BRS Havana and L7 Beje were also highly adapted and stable, but only for seed yield.