Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito isolado e a combinação de produtos no tratamento químico, sobre o potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja com diferentes níveis de vigor, em períodos de armazenamento distintos. O estudo foi dividido em quatro experimentos, com diferentes tempos de armazenamento: 0, 45, 90 e 135 dias todos com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 12 x 2 (A x B), em que o fator A foi composto pela aplicação do tratamento de sementes e o fator B pelos níveis de vigor inicial. O potencial fisiológico das sementes foi determinado por meio: primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, emergência de plântulas em areia, envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada com NaCl, índice de vigor e comprimento médio de plântulas (Vigor-S®). O armazenamento de sementes em condições não controladas ocasiona maior deterioração das sementes e este processo pode ser intensificado pelo prévio tratamento químico das sementes. Dentre os produtos estudados, o uso de pó-secante de maneira isolada foi o tratamento que ocasionou maiores perdas nas diferentes situações estudadas. Para garantir a manutenção do potencial fisiológico das sementes de soja, recomenda-se que o tratamento seja realizado o mais próximo possível da semeadura. Resumo distintos experimentos 0 45 9 13 casualizado repetições 1 B, , B) inicial meio germinação areia NaCl VigorS®. VigorS Vigor S® . S (Vigor-S®) estudados pósecante pó secante estudadas recomendase recomenda se semeadura 4 VigorS® (Vigor-S® (Vigor-S

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the isolated effect and the combination of products in the chemical treatment on the physiological potential of soybean seeds with different vigor levels, after different storage periods. The study was divided into four experiments, with different storage periods: 0, 45, 90 and 135 days, all with a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The treatments were arranged in a 12 x 2 (A x B) factorial scheme, in which factor A consisted of the application of seed treatment and factor B consisted of initial vigor levels. The physiological potential of the seeds was determined by means of the following evaluations: first germination count, seed germination, seedling emergence in the sand substrate, accelerated aging with NaCl-saturated solution, vigor index and average seedling length (Vigor-S®). Storage of seeds under uncontrolled conditions causes greater deterioration, and this process can be intensified by previous chemical treatment of the seeds. Among the products studied, the use of drying powder alone was the treatment that caused the greatest losses in the different situations studied. To ensure the maintenance of the physiological potential of soybean seeds, treatment should be carried out as close as possible to sowing. Abstract levels periods experiments 0 45 9 13 days design replicates 1 scheme evaluations count substrate NaClsaturated NaCl saturated solution VigorS®. VigorS Vigor S® . S (Vigor-S®) deterioration studied sowing 4 VigorS® (Vigor-S® (Vigor-S

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para determinar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja com diferentes tratamentos químicos; verificar a influência do tratamento de sementes após o armazenamento e analisar a concordância entre os métodos de envelhecimento acelerado com os resultados reais de armazenamento das sementes. O estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos, ambos com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 3: três tratamento de sementes (imidacloprid + thiodicarb; fipronil + thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin; ausência de tratamento), dois níveis de vigor (alto; baixo) e três métodos de envelhecimento acelerado (tradicional; solução saturada de NaCl; sem envelhecimento) avaliando-se a germinação. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2: três tratamentos de sementes (imidacloprid + thiodicarb; fipronil + thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin; ausência de tratamento), dois níveis de vigor (alto; baixo), dois tempos de armazenamento (0 e 135 dias), avaliando-se a germinação e emergência de plântulas. Os métodos de envelhecimento acelerado foram eficientes para determinar o potencial fisiológico das sementes, em que, o NaCl apresentou melhores resultados. O potencial fisiológico das sementes de soja reduziu ao longo do armazenamento e a aplicação de produtos químicos no tratamento de sementes prejudicou as porcentagens de germinação e emergência, independente do ingrediente ativo utilizado. O método de envelhecimento acelerado com NaCl apresenta maior concordância com os resultados reais de armazenamento.

Abstract: This work evaluated the efficiency of accelerated aging test to determine the physiological potential in treated soybean seeds with fungicides and insecticides, in addition to analyzing the concordance between the results obtained by different accelerated aging methods with the actual results of the physiological quality in seeds after the storage. The study was divided into two experiments, both with entirely randomized delineation, with four replications. In the first experiment, seed germination was evaluated after imposing some treatments that were arranged in a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme: seed treatment (imidacloprid + thiodicarb; fipronil + thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin; no treatment); vigor levels (high; low); and accelerated aging (traditional; saturated NaCl solution; no aging). In the second experiment, seedling emergence was evaluated after applying some treatments that were arranged in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme: seed treatment (imidacloprid + thiodicarb; fipronil + thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin; no treatment); vigor levels (high; low); storage time (0 and 135 days). The accelerated aging methods were efficient to determine the physiological potential of the seeds, in which, the NaCl method presented better results. The physiological potential of soybean seeds decreased throughout storage and the application of chemicals in seed treatment impaired the germination and emergence percentages, regardless of the active ingredient used. The accelerated aging method with NaCl presents greater agreement with the actual storage results.

ABSTRACT: This study was performed to associate specific morphological parameters, defined by X-ray images, with seed performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) during maturation. Fruits of cultivar Santa Cruz 47 at different developmental stages were collected at five-day intervals (from 5 to 65 days after anthesis) and water content, dry matter, germination and vigor were determined in seeds extracted immediately after each harvest or after temporary storage for seven days. X-ray tests were also performed after each harvest and the images were analyzed by ImageJ® software to produce data of aspect ratio (relation between major and minor axes of the ellipse surrounding the seed perimeter) and percentage of free space area in the inner seed cavity. Physiological maturity (maximum accumulation of dry matter) was reached at 30 days after anthesis (DAA), when seed water content was 56.6 %. Seed germination and vigor increased during maturation, achieving the maximum at 50 DAA. Seeds showed morphological changes during maturation, becoming more spherical (aspect ratio near 1.0); at the same time, the free space available in the inner cavity of the seed decreased. This parameter can be successfully used as a marker of physiological maturity when values equal or lower than 5 % are reached.