Abstract Down syndrome (DS), affecting 1 in 700 live births, is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder among newborns. Recognizable by classical clinical features, patients with DS are susceptible to various immunological misbalances. Inflammasome is (mis)activated in several immune-mediated diseases, however studies on individuals with DS are lacking. The present study evaluated the gene expression of NLRP1, NLRP3 and IL-1β in individuals with DS, aiming to understand their susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. In addition, we assessed whether the individuals with DS present a differential inflammatory response after in vitro infection using PBMCs. For the gene expression assay, 20 individuals with DS and 15 healthy individuals for the control group (CT) were included, while the in vitro infection assay included 10 subjects. mRNA levels from individuals with DS group showed 1.9-fold change (FC) downregulation for NLRP1 (p=0.0001), but no differences for NLRP3 and IL1β. We did not observe significant differences between lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated and untreated cells in our in vitro assays. The differential expression of NLRP1 in individuals with DS suggests a potential association with susceptibility to the development of immune-mediated diseases, but further analysis is needed to confirm this relationship. , (DS) 70 births newborns features misbalances misactivated mis activated immunemediated immune mediated diseases lacking NLRP IL1β ILβ IL 1β β addition PBMCs 2 CT (CT subjects 1.9fold 19fold fold 1.9 9 FC (FC p=0.0001, p00001 p p=0.0001 0 0001 (p=0.0001) LPStreated LPS treated assays relationship (DS 7 9fold 19 1. p0000 p=0.000 000 (p=0.0001 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.000 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by chromosomal instability and increased predisposition to malignancy. The diagnosis of FA requires clinical evaluation, confirmation of chromosomal fragility and/or analysis of genetic mutations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the clinical profile of patients with FA in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: We analyzed 100 individuals referred from the major hematology and bone marrow (BM) transplant centers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between the years 2018 and 2022. The diagnosis of FA was performed using the mitomycin C chromosomal fragility test, clinical data and classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses. Results: We enrolled a total of 16 patients with FA to comprise this study. Most of these individuals (87.5%) came from the Agreste and Sertão regions of Pernambuco. We observed a slight female prevalence of FA (1.3:1). The primary clinical and laboratory findings were café au lait spots (62.5%) and bone abnormalities (53%, mainly thumb deformities [40%]). We performed BM cytogenetic analysis for eight patients – seven showed no chromosomal abnormalities and one presented the karyotype 47,XY,+21 [15]. Conclusions: Our results are important to promote public health measures for the early diagnosis of FA, as well as to foster the engagement of a multidisciplinary group in the treatment of this disease. Introduction (FA malignancy evaluation andor or mutations Therefore Pernambuco Brazil Method 10 (BM 201 2022 test analyses Results 1 87.5% 875 87 5 (87.5% 1.31. 131 1.3 . 3 (1.3:1) 62.5% 625 62 (62.5% 53%, 53 (53% 40%. 40 40% [40%]) 47XY21 XY 47 21 47,XY,+2 15. 15 [15] Conclusions 20 202 87.5 8 (87.5 31 1.31 13 1. (1.3:1 62.5 6 (62.5 53% (53 4 [40%] 47XY2 2 47,XY,+ [15 87. (87. (1.3: 62. (62. (5 [40% 47XY 47,XY, [1 (87 (1.3 (62 ( [40 47,XY [ (8 (1. (6 [4 (1

Abstract Biological dosimetry aims to estimate individual absorbed doses due ionizing radiation exposure. The dicentric chromosomes are considered the most specific biomarker for dose estimation. This study aimed to compare calibration curves for linear low energy transfer (LET) radiation built from low dose rates and whether they vary in terms of dose estimation. For that we did a search in the literature of all calibration curves produced with low dose rates and we simulated the dose estimation from pre-established dicentric’s frequencies. The information on methodologies and cytogenetic results of each study were analyzed. As expected dose rate influence β coefficients, especially at higher doses. However, we have seen that some doses were not statistically different but they should be, because there is a significant association between the productions of dicentrics and dose rate. This comparative study reinforced the robustness of the dicentric assay and its importance in biological dosimetry. We also emphasized that the dose rate was an important factor in dose estimations. Thus, intercomparison exercises should take into account the dose rates of the participating laboratories, because the dose rates might explain why some results of estimated doses fall outside the recommendations.

Abstract Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by a set of clinical conditions, including autoimmune/inflammatory diseases and infectious conditions, that can compromise a patient’s quality of life. Here we assessed polymorphisms in CTLA-4 +49A/G (rs231775), PTPN22 +1858G/A (rs2476601), and MBL2 -550 (H/L) (rs11003125), -221(X/Y) (rs7096206) and exon 1 (A/O) in women from northeastern Brazil to determine whether polymorphisms within these key immune response genes confer differential susceptibility to clinical conditions in TS. A case-control genetic association study was performed, including 86 female TS patients and 179 healthy women. An association was observed for the A/G genotype of CTLA-4 +49A/G in TS patients (p=0.043, odds ratio [OR]=0.54). In addition, an association between the CTLA-4 G/G genotype and obesity was detected in TS patients (p=0.02, OR=6.04). Regarding, the -550(H/L) polymorphism in the MBL2 promoter, the frequency of the H/L genotype was significantly higher in the TS group than healthy controls (p=0.01, OR=1.96). The H/H genotype indicated a protective effect in TS patients (p=0.01, OR=0.23). No differences were observed in the distribution of -221(X/Y), MBL2 exon 1 variants, and PTPN22 +1858G/A in any assessed groups. CTLA-4 variants are potentially involved in obesity in this cohort of TS patients from northeastern Brazil.

Phyllostomidae comprises the most diverse family of neotropical bats, its wide range of morphological features leading to uncertainty regarding phylogenetic relationships. Seeing that cytogenetics is one of the fields capable of providing support for currently adopted classifications through the use of several markers, a comparative analysis between two Phyllostomidae species was undertaken in the present study, with a view to supplying datasets for the further establishment of Phyllostomidae evolutionary relationships. Karyotypes of Lonchorhina aurita (2n = 32; FN = 60) and Trachops cirrhosus (2n = 30; FN = 56) were analyzed by G- and C-banding, silver nitrate staining (Ag-NOR) and base-specific fluorochromes. Chromosomal data obtained for both species are in agreement with those previously described, except for X chromosome morphology in T. cirrhosus, hence indicating chromosomal geographical variation in this species. A comparison of G-banding permitted the identification of homeologies in nearly all the chromosomes. Furthermore, C-banding and Ag-NOR patterns were comparable to what has already been observed in the family. In both species CMA3/DA/DAPI staining revealed an R-banding-like pattern with CMA3, whereas DAPI showed uniform staining in all the chromosomes. Fluorochrome staining patterns for pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin (CH) regions, as well as for nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), indicated heterogeneity regarding these sequences among Phyllostomidae species.

O presente trabalho estudou os compostos bioativos (ácidos clorogênicos, trigonelina, cafeína, fenóis totais e proantocianidinas), grupos hidroxila ácidos e atividade antioxidante de um café arábica proveniente do Cerrado Mineiro e de seu PVA (grãos pretos, verdes e ardidos). As amostras foram preparadas nas torras clara (180 ± 10 °C; 6,0 ± 1,0 minutos), média (180 ± 10 °C; 8,0 ± 1,0 minutos) e escura (180 ± 10 °C; 10,0 ± 1,0 minutos). Considerando-se a média das três torras do café e do PVA, a diferença observada no teor de todos os constituintes acima não foi significativa (p > 0,05), exceto com o teor de grupos hidroxila ácidos que foi ligeiramente superior no PVA e cafeína calculada pelo método semiquantitativo que foi superior no café. Portanto, dentre esses constituintes, os compostos com grupos ácidos seriam os únicos que poderiam contribuir para explicar a grande diferença de sabor existente entre o café de grãos sadios e o de PVA. Tanto o café como o PVA apresentaram atividade seqüestradora do radical DPPH. nas três torras, sendo a atividade do café sempre superior. Analisando-se as variações dos teores de cafeína, fenóis totais, proantocianidinas, grupos hidroxila ácidos, trigonelina e ácidos clorogênicos, não foi possível explicar a atividade antioxidante superior apresentada pelo café da torra média (CE50 de 2,3 mg.mg-1 de DPPH.).

This work reports the results of the investigation of bioactive compounds (chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, caffeine, total phenolics, and proanthocyanidins), total acid groups, and the antioxidant activity of the Arabian coffee (Coffea arabica) from the Brazilian cerrado (vast tropical savannah) (Minas Gerais state) and its defective beans (Black, green, and sour beans). The samples were prepared using three roasting degrees: light (180 ± 10 °C; 6,0 ± 1,0 minutes), medium (180 ± 10 °C; 8,0 ± 1,0 minutos), and dark (180 ± 10 °C; 10,0 ± 1,0 minutes). Considering the average of the three roasts per coffee and defective beans, the difference observed for the content of all constituents listed above was not significant (p > 0,05). Exceptions are the content of acid hydroxyl groups, which were slightly greater in the coffee defective beans and the content of caffeine, calculated using the semi-quantitative method, which was higher in the coffee itself. Both the coffee and its defective beans presented scavenging activity against DPPH. radical; however, the coffee antioxidant activity was always higher. The variations observed in the content of caffeine, total phenols, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acid groups, trigonelline, and chlorogenic acid levels can not explain the higher antioxidant activity observed for the medium roasted coffee (EC50 of 2,3 mg.mg-1 of DPPH.).

We report the case of a five-month-old black male infant who had recurrent episodes of respiratory infections and also presented anemia and enlargements of the spleen, liver and lymphnodes. Hematological analysis revealed morphological abnormalities with megaloblastic dyserythropoiesis, while fetal hemoglobin assaying showed normal levels. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed monosomy of chromosome 7. Despite all therapeutic efforts during allogenic bone marrow transplantation, the child died due to generalized infection. The clinical and genetic distinctions between monosomy 7 syndrome and myelodysplastic disorders in childhood are discussed.

Canais de potássio voltagem-dependentes (CPVD) desempenham importante papel na excitabilidade neuronal e estão associados a determinados tipos de epilepsia. Recentemente, um tipo de encefalite límbica autoimune (EL) foi associado com anticorpos contra CPVD. Além disso, há relatos de pacientes com EL e epilepsia parcial, além de hipersinal em regiões límbicas detectadas em imagens de ressonância magnética (IRM). Nós temos descrito a epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial familial (ELTMF) associada à atrofia hipocampal (AH) e outros sinais de esclerose mesial temporal observadas em IRM. Para investigar se os CPVD podem estar associados com a AH identificada na ELTMF, empregamos o estudo de ligação genética nesses genes candidatos. Setenta e três marcadores microssatélites foram genotipados e o LOD score de dois pontos mostrou Zmax variando de 0.11 a -9.53 para teta=0.00. No presente estudo, os dados obtidos com a análise de ligação mostram que os CPVD não estão envolvidos na determinação da AH na ELTMF.

Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) play a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability and have been implicated in some types of epilepsies. Recently, autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) was associated with antibodies against VGKC. In addition, patients with LE showed partial epilepsy and increased T2 signal abnormalities in limbic structures. We have reported familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE) associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA) and other signs of mesial temporal sclerosis detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In order to investigate whether VGKC may be associated to HA present in FMTLE, we perform linkage study in these candidate genes. Seventy-three microsatellites markers were genotyped in different human autosomal chromosome. Two-point LOD scores did not show evidence for linkage with any of the microsatellite markers genotyped (Zmax ranging from 0.11to-9.53 at theta=0.00). In the present study, linkage data showed no evidence that VGKC are involved in the determination of HA in FMTLE.

OBJETIVOS: A regeneração hepática é um processo complexo não completamente elucidado. O modelo mais utilizado para o estudo desse fenômeno é a hepatectomia a 70% em ratos adultos. Não há trabalhos utilizando modelos em animais em crescimento. Desta forma, os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1. padronizar dois modelos de hepatectomia parcial e regeneração hepática utilizando ratos recém-nascidos e recém-desmamados; 2. estudar a evolução do peso do fígado remanescente e as alterações histológicas do parênquima hepático nos dias subseqüentes à hepatectomia parcial. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta ratos recém-nascidos e quarenta e quatro ratos recém-desmamados foram submetidos à hepatectomia a 70%. Após laparotomia mediana, foi realizada compressão bilateral no abdome superior do animal, levando à exteriorização dos lobos hepáticos direito medial, esquerdo medial e esquerdo lateral, que foram ligados na base e ressecados em bloco. Os animais foram sacrificados logo após a hepatectomia e no 1º,2º,3º,4º, e 7º dias após a cirurgia. O peso corpóreo e do fígado foram determinados, e o parênquima hepático submetido à análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Os índices de mortalidade dos animais recém-nascidos e recém-desmamados foram 30% e 0% respectivamente. Em ambos os grupos, houve uma diminuição significativa na massa hepática logo após a hepatectomia, com recuperação completa no sétimo dia de pós-operatório. O parênquima hepático dos animais recém-nascidos apresentou acentuada esteatose no segundo dia. O fígado do animal recém-desmamado exibiu figuras mitóticas mais precoces e mais numerosas que o do recém-nascido. CONCLUSÕES: Os modelos de hepatectomia parcial em ratos recém-nascidos e recém-desmamados são factíveis e podem ser usados para estudos da regeneração hepática. Embora semelhante, o processo de regeneração hepática em animais em crescimento não é igual ao do animal adulto.

OBJECTIVES: Liver regeneration is a complex process that has not been completely elucidated. The model most frequently used to study this phenomenon is 70% hepatectomy in adult rats; however, no papers have examined this effect in developing animals. The aims of the present study were: 1) to standardize two models of partial hepatectomy and liver regeneration in newborn suckling and weaning rats, and 2) to study the evolution of remnant liver weight and histological changes of hepatic parenchyma on the days that follow partial hepatectomy. METHODS: Fifty newborn and forty-four weaning rats underwent 70% hepatectomy. After a midline incision, compression on both sides of the upper abdomen was performed to exteriorize the right medial, left medial and left lateral hepatic lobes, which were tied inferiorly and resected en bloc. The animals were sacrificed on days 0 (just after hepatectomy), 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 after the operation. Body and liver weight were determined, and hepatic parenchyma was submitted to histological analysis. RESULTS: Mortality rates of the newborn and weaning groups were 30% and 0%, respectively. There was a significant decrease in liver mass soon after partial hepatectomy, which completely recovered on the seventh day in both groups. Newborn rat regenerating liver showed marked steatosis on the second day. In the weaning rat liver, mitotic figures were observed earlier, and their amount was greater than in the newborn. CONCLUSIONS: Suckling and weaning rat models of partial hepatectomy are feasible and can be used for studies of liver regeneration. Although similar, the process of hepatic regeneration in developing animals is different from adults.