Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of excessive weight and to identify associations with socioeconomic, demographic, biological, and lifestyle factors in adolescents. Methods: It is a cross-sectional school-based study, with a stratified and complex sample. The evaluated individuals were adolescents (2404), aged 12-17 years old, participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents (ERICA). Demographic, socioeconomic, biological, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables were assessed. Poisson regression was used to verify the association between excess weight and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of excessive weight was 26.3% in the study population, being 16.3% for overweight and 10% for obesity. In the multivariate analysis (hierarchical model), were associated with excessive weight: private education network, a higher number of televisions in the residence, eating habits related to the breakfast consumption, snacks purchase in the canteen, snacks in front to screens consumption and consumption of carbohydrates and lipids, in addition to age group (12-14 years) and sexual maturation (post-pubertal). Conclusions: The prevalence of excessive weight among the school adolescents studied is high, with a value higher than the national average and the results of previous studies with adolescents. Its distribution is associated with different factors, which are socioeconomic, demographic, biological, and related to lifestyle, reinforcing the complexity of this condition, which deserves a broad coping approach, involving not only individual efforts but social and public ones as well.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o excesso de peso em adolescentes do Sertão e Agreste de Pernambuco, considerando a multifatoriedade dos determinantes do excesso de peso e as condições de insegurança alimentar e nutricional da região. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado no período de setembro a outubro de 2015. O estado nutricional dos adolescentes foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e classificado pelo indicador IMC/idade, segundo o sexo. Para analisar os fatores associados ao excesso de peso, as variáveis foram agrupadas em: socioeconômicas, demográficas, ambientais, de estilo de vida, psicológicas, biológicas e segurança alimentar e nutricional. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para verificar a associação entre o excesso de peso e as variáveis independentes. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso encontrada foi de 20,1%, sendo 13,4% de sobrepeso e 6,7% de obesidade. Após o ajuste para as variáveis de confusão, as variáveis regime de ocupação (casa cedida, alugada), consumo de álcool, segurança alimentar, insegurança alimentar leve, percepção corporal (sobrepeso e obesidade) e faixa etária (10 a 14 anos) mostraram-se associadas ao excesso de peso. Destaca-se a elevada insegurança alimentar e nutricional, em 80,4% da população, sendo as formas moderadas e graves as mais frequentes, como também as precárias condições sociais ainda prevalentes na região. Conclusões: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi elevada, superando o esperado para uma população com melhores condições de vida. Os determinantes do excesso de peso foram: consumo de álcool, regime de ocupação, autopercepção do peso, faixa etária e segurança alimentar/insegurança alimentar leve.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate context of overweight adolescents from the semiarid and rural areas of Pernambuco, considering the multifactorial nature of the determinants of being overweight, and the food and nutritional insecurity conditions of the region. Methods: A population based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2015. The nutritional status of adolescents was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and classified by the BMI/Age indicator, according to sex. To analyze the factors associated with being overweight, the variables were grouped into: socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, lifestyle, psychological, biological and food and nutritional security. Poisson regression was used to verify the association between being overweight and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of excessive weight found was 20.1%, namely: 13.4% overweight and 6.7% obese. After adjusting for the confounding variables, the variables: occupancy situation (rented house), alcohol consumption, food security and light food insecurity, body perception (overweight and obese) and age range (10 to 14 years), were associated with being overweight. High food and nutritional insecurity was identified in 80.4% of the population. The moderate and severe forms were more frequent, and precarious social conditions were still prevalent in the region. Conclusions: The prevalence of being overweight was high, exceeding the expected for a population with better living conditions. The determinants of being overweight were: alcohol consumption, occupancy situation, self-perceived weight, age and food security/mild food insecurity.

ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the progressive and widespread loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with a risk of adverse outcomes such as disability, reduced quality of life and death. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors in cardiac patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a public hospital in northeast Brazil, involving patients aged ≥60 years with coronary artery disease. Sarcopenia was determined by muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis) and skeletal muscle mass index by a predictive equation, muscle strength (measured by grip strength) and physical performance (driving speed test). We tested relationships between sarcopenia and socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, nutritional and lifestyle variables. Results: We evaluated 148 patients, with an average age of 73.9±7.4years. We observed a prevalence of sarcopenia of 62.8%; of which 72% were classified as having severe sarcopenia. The variables associated with sarcopenia were male sex (p= 0.014), age >80 years (p= 0.005), and being malnourished according to BMI (p< 0.001), arm circumference (p= 0.006) and calf circumference (p= 0.045); the other variables were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of sarcopenia in our sample was high. We found that sarcopenia related to sex, age, and nutritional status.

RESUMEN La sarcopenia se define como un síndrome caracterizado por una pérdida progresiva y generalizada de la masa muscular y la fuerza del esqueleto, con un riesgo de resultados adversos como la discapacidad, la reducción de la calidad de vida y de muerte. Objetivo: Investigar la prevalencia de sarcopenia y sus factores asociados en pacientes cardíacos Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el hospital público del noreste de Brasil, en el que participaron pacientes mayores de 60 años con enfermedad coronaria. La sarcopenia fue determinada por la masa muscular (análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica y ecuación predictiva para determinar el índice de masa muscular esquelético), la fuerza muscular (medida por la fuerza de agarre) y el rendimiento físico (prueba de velocidad de conducción). Entre la asociación de variables se consideraron aspectos socioeconómicos, demográficos, clínicos, nutricionales y de estilo de vida. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 148 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 73,9±7,4 años. Se observó una prevalencia de sarcopenia del 62,8%; incluyendo un 72% clasificado como severamente sarcopénico. Las variables asociadas a sarcopenia fueron sexo masculino (p= 0,014), edad > 80 años (p= 0,005) y desnutrida según IMC (p< 0,001), CB (p= 0,006) y CP (p= 0,045); las otras variables no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: La prevalencia de sarcopenia fue mayor, se encontró en una asociación con el género, un aumento en la edad, y el estado nutricional desfavorable.

OBJETIVO:Verificar a associação entre o consumo de ferro dietético e a ocorrência da anemia ferropriva em famílias de trabalhadores rurais do município de Gameleira, Pernambuco.MÉTODOS:A população foi composta por 46 famílias de trabalhadores de cana-de-açúcar, totalizando 225 indivíduos. Para cada indivíduo, foram realizados três inquéritos alimentares pelo método de registro alimentar por pesagem direta dos alimentos e dosagem de hemoglobina por meio do equipamento Hemocue. Utilizou-se o método da adequação aparente para avaliar a ingestão de ferro, e o teste t pareado na comparação entre grupos de indivíduos. Para estimar associações entre variáveis dietéticas e anemia, foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney.RESULTADOS:A prevalência de anemia foi elevada em todas as faixas etárias, sendo maior (67,6%) no grupo de crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade, com média de hemoglobina de 10,37 g/dL (±1,30 g/dL). Na análise da adequação aparente, as crianças menores de 5 anos apresentaram baixo percentual de adequação (53,1%). A maioria delas apresentou um percentual elevado de dieta com baixa biodisponibilidade de ferro (47,5%). As associações entre a ocorrência de anemia e as variáveis dietéticas mostraram-se estatisticamente significantes para ferro total (heme e não heme), suas biodisponibilidades e consumo de carnes em geral.CONCLUSÃO:A inadequação do consumo de ferro dietético e dos fatores facilitadores da sua absorção pode ser considerada determinante para a ocorrência da anemia ferropriva. As famílias vivenciam insegurança alimentar intrafamiliar, com discriminação do consumo de alimentos fontes de ferro entre seus membros.

OBJECTIVE:To verify the association between dietary iron intake and the occurrence of iron-deficiency anemia in agricultural workers' families from the municipality of Gameleira in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.METHODS:The study population consisted of 46 harvesters' families, consisting of 225 individuals. The food intake of each individual was recorded on three different days by directly weighing the foods consumed. Hemoglobin was determined by fingerstick (HemoCue). This research used the probability of adequacy method to assess iron intake and the paired ttest for comparing groups. The Spearman Mann-Whitney test estimated associations between the dietary variables and anemia.RESULTS:The prevalence of anemia was high in all ages groups and highest (67.6%) in children aged <5 years with a mean hemoglobin of 10.37 g/dL (±1.30 g/dL). Children aged <5 years had low percentage of iron intake adequacy (53.1%). Most of them consumed diets with low iron bioavailability (47.5%). Associations between the occurrence of anemia and dietary variables were significant for total iron (heme and nonheme), its bioavailabilities, and general meat intake.CONCLUSION:Inadequate dietary iron intake and inadequate intake of factors that facilitate iron absorption can be considered decisive for the occurrence of iron-deficiency anemia. Food insecurity occurs between family members, with some members being favored over others with regard to the intake of good dietary iron sources.