RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade de intervenções educacionais baseadas na orientação sobre atividade física e nutrição em escolares. Fonte de dados: Foi realizada busca sistemática em quatro bancos e bases de dados eletrônicos, com artigos publicados entre outubro de 2007 e janeiro de 2017 que abordaram a realização de intervenções educacionais com ênfase em educação nutricional e atividade física ou exercício físico em escolares com idades entre 10 e 19 anos. Síntese dos dados: Foram selecionados 12 artigos para esta revisão. Desses estudos, quatro incluíram a intervenção educacional; quatro associaram intervenções educacionais à inclusão de alimentos saudáveis e atividade física; dois estudos relacionaram as orientações e a atividade física; e, por fim, dois ligaram as orientações com o consumo de alimentos saudáveis. Conclusões: As intervenções baseadas na orientação de atividade física e/ou nutrição foram eficientes, com resultados superiores nos estudos que associaram a prática de atividade física à orientação. Entretanto, observou-se a necessidade da realização de novos estudos que abordem as intervenções educacionais em escolares.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the effectiveness of educational interventions based on guidance on physical activity and nutrition in schoolchildren. Data sources: A systematic search was carried out in four electronic databases containing articles published between October 2007 and January 2017 and addressing educational interventions with emphasis on both nutritional education and physical activity in schoolchildren and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Data synthesis: Twelve articles were selected for this review, of which four included only educational interventions; four made and association between educational interventions, inclusion of healthy foods and physical activity; two made a relation between guidelines and physical activity; and finally, two associated guidelines with consumption of healthy foods. Conclusions: Interventions based on physical activity and/or nutrition counseling were efficient and showed superior results in studies that associated the practice of physical activity with counseling. However, the need for new studies on educational interventions among schoolchildren and adolescents was made evident.

Introduction: Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) show high rate of overweight and tend to accumulate high amount of fat compared to the same people without the syndrome. Objective: To estimate the cutoff point of the Body Mass Index (BMI) for the diagnosis of obesity in adolescents with DS according to different references for BMI in relation to the percentage of body fat (%BF) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: The sample was composed of 34 adolescents with DS (aged: 10 to 17 years old). BMI was evaluated according to the references of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), the World Health Organization (WHO) for the general population, and Myrelid et al. and Styles et al. for people with DS. The %BF was assessed by whole body DXA and classified according to National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011). Results: The boys were significantly taller than the girls and this %BF higher than boys. All references who have used BMI to assess obesity was positively associated with %BF measured by DXA in the diagnosis of obesity. Using the ROC curve in relation to %BF by DXA, all references showed high sensitivity, but the z-score of BMI by WHO showed better specificity, with the value of the accuracy of 0.82 for the cutoff point above 2.14. Conclusions: All the references used for the diagnosis of obesity were associated with %BF measured by DXA, and the cutoff point of z-scores above 2.14 by WHO showed better specificity.

Introducción: adolescentes con síndrome de Down (SD) muestran alta tasa de sobrepeso y tienden a acumular gran cantidad de grasa en comparación con los adolescentes sin el síndrome. Objetivo: estimar el punto de corte del índice de masa corporal (IMC) para el diagnóstico de obesidad en adolescentes con SD de acuerdo con las diferentes referencias para el IMC en relación con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) obtenido por el absorciometría con rayos X de doble energía (DXA). Métodos: la muestra se compone de 34 adolescentes con SD (10 a 17 años). El IMC se evaluó de acuerdo con las referencias de la International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para la población general, y Myrelid et al. y Estyles et al. para personas con SD. El %GC fue evaluado por DXA y clasificado según NHANES (2011). Resultados: los niños fueron significativamente más altos que las niñas, y estas con mayor %GC que los niños. Todas las referencias que han utilizado el IMC se asociaron positivamente con el %GC medido por DXA en el diagnóstico de la obesidad. Utilizando la curva ROC en relación con %GC por DXA todas las referencias mostraron alta sensibilidad, pero el score-z del IMC por la OMS mostró mejor especificidad, con el valor de exactitud de 0,82 para el punto de corte por encima de 2,14. Conclusiones: todas las referencias utilizadas para el diagnóstico de obesidad se asociaron con el %GC medido por DXA, y el punto de corte del score-z por encima de 2,14 por la OMS mostró mejor especificidad.