The essential oil extracted from Anemia tomentosa (EOAT) has shown larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti, based on methods in vitro and in silico. Chromatographic and spectrometric techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)), as well as mono and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to assess 10 essential oil components. Chemical composition of essential oil comprised 87.51% sesquiterpenes, with emphasis on presilphiperfolan-1-ol (42.13%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (19.47%). Larvicidal assay conducted in vitro with EOAT has evidenced potential cytotoxic activity up to 48 h exposure to it; mortality rate observed for A. aegypti larvae exposed to essential oil reached 100%. Study conducted in silico with chemical compounds deriving from the herein investigated plant species has evidenced its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in A. aegypti. Activity of triquinane sesquiterpenes ranging from -6.8 to -8.2 kcal mol-1 stood out in comparison to that of temephos (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Chemical compounds identified in the investigated essential oil presented low human and environmental toxicity, as observed in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) predictions. (EOAT chromatographymass chromatography mass CGMS, CGMS CG MS , (CG-MS) chromatographyflame flame GCFID, GCFID GC FID (GC-FID)) NMR (NMR 1 components 8751 87 51 87.51 presilphiperfolan1ol presilphiperfolanol presilphiperfolan ol 42.13% 4213 42 13 (42.13% silphiperfol5ene silphiperfolene silphiperfol 5 ene 19.47%. 1947 19.47% . 19 47 (19.47%) 4 it A 100 100% 6.8 68 6 8 -6. 8.2 82 2 -8. mol1 mol mol- 7.5 75 7 (-7. mol1. mol-1) absorption distribution excretion ADMETox (ADMETox predictions (CG-MS (GC-FID) 875 87.5 42.13 421 (42.13 194 19.47 (19.47% 6. -6 8. -8 7. (-7 (GC-FID 87. 42.1 (42.1 19.4 (19.47 - (- 42. (42. 19. (19.4 ( (42 (19. (4 (19 (1

Nós avaliamos aqui os efeitos de diferentes concen trações do antibiótico ampicilina sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de Chrysomya putoria. Larvas de primeiro instar (L1), de terceira geração, criadas em 60 gramas de homogenato de moela em agar 65% foram tratadas com ampicilina sódica. O experimento consistiu de quatro repetições (40 larvas / réplicas) para cada concentração do antibiótico testado (T1: 66µg/mL; T2: 81,33µg/mL e T3: 166,66µg/mL) e o T4: controle. A massa corporal das larvas maduras, após abandonarem a dieta, foi registrada em lotes de cinco. A variação entre a massa corporal média de larvas e a duração das taxas de desenvolvimento de larva, pupa e a duração total do desenvolvimento, viabilidades e taxas de normalidade foram analisadas por ANOVA. Não houve diferença significativa entre os quatro tratamentos nos seguintes parâmetros: massa corporal de larvas que abandonaram a dieta, bem como, a duração larval, pupal e desenvolvimento total. As proporções sexuais encontradas nos quatro tratamentos não diferiram do esperado. Taxas de normalidade foram de 100% para todos tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para as viabilidade larval e total, mas a viabilidade de pupa diferiu significativamente entre T1 e o controle, T1 e T2, e entre o controle e T3. O antibiótico pareceu não alterar significativamente o desenvolvimento de C. putoria.

Here we evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the antibiotic ampicillin on the growth and development of Chrysomya putoria. Third-generation, first instar larvae (L1) reared on 60 grams of homogenate+agar 65% were treated with ampicillin sodium. The experiment consisted of four replicates (40 larvae/replicate) of each antibiotic concentration tested (T1: 466µg/mL ; T2: 81.33 mg/mL and T3: 166.66mg/mL) and a T4: control. The body mass of the mature larvae, after they abandoned the diet, were recorded in batches of five. The variation between the mean body mass of larvae and the duration of larval and pupal stages, and overall duration of the development, viability and normal rates were analyzed by ANOVA. There were no significant differences between the four treatments in the following parameters: body mass of larvae that discontinued the diet as well as the duration of larval, pupal, and total development. The sex ratios found in the four treatments did not differ from those expected. Normality rates were 100% for all treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments for larval and overall viability, but pupal viability differed significantly between T1 and the control, T1 and T2, and between the control and T3. The antibiotic did not appear to significantly alter the development of C. putoria.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia, eventos adversos e custo do tratamento da crise aguda de asma, utilizando diferentes dispositivos inalatórios. MÉTODOS: Estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado com placebo. Foi utilizado salbutamol em nebulizador, inalador dosimetrado com espaçadores industrial e artesanal e inalador em pó. As avaliações foram feitas em 0, 20, 40 e 60 minutos, seguidas da aplicação de salbutamol e placebo em outro dispositivo. Foram avaliadas 40 crianças em crise aguda de asma, com média de idade = 11±3,5 anos. Utilizou-se escore clínico e função pulmonar, e foram verificados eventos adversos. Foram calculados gastos com o medicamento e o dispositivo inalatório. RESULTADOS: O escore clínico e a variação no volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo foram semelhantes entre os grupos ao final do estudo. Foi encontrada uma variação maior na freqüência cardíaca com o uso de nebulizador (35%) do que nos grupos que fizeram uso do espaçador industrial (15%) e do inalador em pó (17%), e também entre os espaçadores artesanal e industrial, 28 e 15%, respectivamente (p = 0,004). O nebulizador e o espaçador artesanal provocaram mais tremores (p = 0,02). O custo do tratamento por paciente foi maior nos grupos nebulizador e espaçador industrial, R$ 22,31 e R$ 16,58, respectivamente (p = 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: O nebulizador foi o mais caro e consumiu mais droga para apresentar a mesma eficácia. O espaçador artesanal foi o mais barato. No entanto, apresentou mais eventos adversos do que o espaçador industrial e o inalador em pó. O espaçador industrial foi tão caro quanto o nebulizador, porém mais seguro. O inalador em pó foi mais barato e apresentou menos tremores, mas taquicardia semelhante ao espaçador artesanal.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the efficacy, side effects, and cost of treatment of acute asthma attacks, using different inhaler devices. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Salbutamol was administered via a nebulizer, a metered-dose inhaler (attached to a commercially available spacer device), a homemade non-valved spacer device, or a dry powder inhaler. Assessments were made at zero, 20, 40 and 60 minutes, followed by the application of salbutamol and placebo with another device. Forty children (mean age of 11±3.5 years) with acute asthma attacks, were evaluated. Clinical score, forced expiratory volume in one second and side effects were analyzed. The costs for medication and spacer devices were calculated. RESULTS: There is no difference between groups regarding clinical score and variation of forced expiratory volume in one second. There was a major variation in the heart rate response to the nebulizer (35%) compared to the commercially available spacer and dry powder inhaler (15 and 17%) and between the homemade spacer and the commercially available spacer (28 and 15%) (p = 0.004). The nebulizer and homemade spacer caused more tremor (p = 0.02). The cost of treatment was higher for the nebulizer and commercially available spacer (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The nebulizer was more expensive and used more medicine, showing the same efficiency. The homemade spacer was cheaper, but presented more side effects. The commercially available spacer was as expensive as the nebulizer, although safer. The dry powder inhaler was cheaper, but, just as the homemade spacer, it also caused tachycardia.