Abstract Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a leading cause of significant economic losses in the livestock industry, and tick populations have developed multiple forms of resistance to acaricides; therefore, the potential of novel natural bioactive compounds that are effective for targeting ticks must be addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal and anticholinesterase activities of R. aculeata seeds and to identify naturally occurring compounds that potentially inhibit anticholinesterase through in silico docking. The acaricidal activity of the extract of R. aculeata seeds against larval and adult R. microplus ticks was assessed through immersion tests. Inhibition of anticholinesterase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Extracts of R. aculeata seeds showed activity against larvae and engorged females of R. microplus, and a reduction in the reproductive index were also observed. Rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and epicatechin exhibited noteworthy interactions with the active site residues of RmAChE. These findings could significantly contribute to the exploration of novel natural products that can potentially inhibit RmAChE and could be used in the development of new acaricides for tick control. Boophilus (Boophilus industry therefore addressed R docking tests spectrophotometrically observed Rutin acid quercetin control

Resumo Rhipicephalus microplus é uma das principais causas de significativas perdas econômicas na indústria pecuária, e as populações de carrapatos desenvolveram diversas formas de resistência a acaricidas. Portanto, é necessário abordar o potencial de novos compostos bioativos naturais eficazes no combate aos carrapatos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atividades acaricida e anticolinesterase das sementes de R. aculeata e identificar compostos naturalmente ocorrentes que possam inibir a anticolinesterase por meio de docking in silico. A atividade acaricida do extrato de sementes de R. aculeata contra larvas e fêmeas adultas de R. microplus foi avaliada por meio de testes de imersão. A inibição da atividade anticolinesterase foi medida espectrofotometricamente. Extratos de sementes de R. aculeata apresentaram atividade contra larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. microplus, sendo observada também uma redução no índice reprodutivo. Rutina, ácido clorogênico, quercetina e epicatequina mostraram interações notáveis com os resíduos do sítio ativo de RmAChE. Esses resultados podem contribuir significativamente para a exploração de novos produtos naturais que potencialmente inibem RmAChE e poderiam ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de novos acaricidas para o controle de carrapatos. pecuária Portanto R silico imersão espectrofotometricamente reprodutivo Rutina clorogênico

Resumen: La familia Malvaceae cuenta con especies ampliamente distribuidas a nivel mundial, algunas de ellas, tales como como el algodón (Gossypium hirsutum), el cacao (Theobroma cacao) y la jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa) son utilizadas ampliamente en la industria agroalimentaria o la industria textil; aun así no todo el potencial bioactivo de estas especies ha sido aprovechado, tal es el caso de H. sabdariffa, ya que en su mayoría, las semillas son consideradas como desecho agroindustrial; existen otras especies de esta familia, tales como los miembros del género Sterculia y del género Ceiba que no han sido aprovechadas de manera masiva en diversas industrias pese a que hay numerosos estudios que demuestran su potencial nutraceútico y medicinal.

Summary: The Malvaceae family has species widely distributed worldwide, some of them, such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cacao (Theobroma cacao) and hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) are widely used in the agri-food industry and the textile industry; even so, not all the bioactive potential of these species has been exploited, such is the case of H. sabdariffa, since most of the seeds are considered as agro-industrial waste; there are species of this family, such as some members of the Sterculia and Ceiba genus, that have not been exploited on a massive scale in various industries, despite the fact that there are numerous studies that demonstrate their nutraceutical and medicinal potential.

ABSTRACT Biotechnology represents a viable alternative for a sustainable industrial development, as it provides the tools needed to adapt and modify organisms, products systems, and processes to improve industrial activity. This makes it more profitable, diverse and friendly with the environment than the traditional chemical and physical processes. In this regard, ex-tremophilic microorganisms represent the most promising option as a source of biomolecules with biocatalytic capacity, able to withstand drastic process conditions. In addition, their full-scale use may lead to industrial sustainability.

RESUMEN La biotecnología representa una alternativa viable para el desarrollo industrial sustentable, ya que provee las herramientas necesarias para adaptar y modificar organismos, productos, sistemas y procesos naturales para mejorar el quehacer industrial, haciéndolo más rentable, diverso y amigable con el entorno de lo que pueden ser los procesos químicos y físicos tradicionales. En este sentido, los microorganismos extremófilos constituyen la opción más prometedora como fuente de biomoléculas con capacidad biocatalizadora, capaces de soportar condiciones drásticas de proceso y cuyo uso comercial puede conducir a la sustentabilidad industrial.