Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes substâncias indutoras de brotação nas cultivares de nogueira-pecã (Carya illinoinensis) Barton, Desirable e Jackson. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de produtos comerciais nas plantas dessas cultivares, para a indução de brotação. Foram avaliados a percentagem de brotação de gemas axilares e o índice de heterogeneidade de brotação (IHB). Independentemente da concentração utilizada, a aplicação do produto cianamida hidrogenada melhorou a brotação das cultivares testadas e reduziu o IHB. Além disso, N solúvel em água + Ca a 6% e N solúvel em água + C orgânico solúvel em água a 7% melhoram significativamente a brotação e reduzem o IHB das cultivares avaliadas e são, portanto, potenciais alternativas para substituir o hydrogen cyanamide.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different bud-breaking substances on the budburst of the Barton, Desirable, and Jackson pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. The treatments consisted of spraying different rates of commercial bud-break promoters on the trees of these cultivars, in order to induce budburst. The budburst percentage of axillary buds and the budburst heterogeneity index (BHI) were evaluated. Regardless of the used rate, the application of the hydrogen cyanamide product improved the budburst of the tested cultivars and reduced the BHI. In addition, water soluble N + Ca at 6% and water soluble N + organic C soluble in water at 7% significantly improve the budburst and reduce the BHI of the evaluated cultivars, being, therefore, potential alternatives to replace hydrogen cyanamide.

ABSTRACT Pears are the most imported fruit from Brazil and thus, being an important opportunity to Brazilian growers. However, there are still some problems that restrict pear production, such as the lack of suitable rootstocks. The aim of this study was to assess growth, yield efficiency and fruit quality of ‘William’s’ pear grafted on quinces ‘Champion’ and ‘Melliforme’ and P. calleryana. The experiment was performed during 2009/2010 growing season at the Centro Agropecuário da Palma, FAEM/UFPel. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replications per treatment. The assessed parameters were trunk cross sectional area, shoot length, yield efficiency, number of fruit per tree, soluble solids, flesh firmness, fruit weight and fruit size. It was found that ‘William’s’ pear is more efficient and less vigorous when grafted on ‘Champion’ quince, thus being a potential scion x rootstock combination for commercial pear planting at medium densities. Moreover, fruit of trees grafted on quince rootstocks accumulated higher amount of soluble solids.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the early performance of ‘Kampai’ and ‘Rubimel’ peach on 3 training systems. The study was conducted between 2010 and 2013. Treatments were the training systems ‘Ypsilon’, Central Leader, and Open Center, arranged in a randomized complete block design. Assessed parameters were production per tree, fruit weight, yield, fruit firmness, and soluble solids. The early yield and economic return are greater in Central Leader training system for both cultivars. Besides, training system does not influence fruit quality attributes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho das pereiras 'Rocha' e 'Santa Maria' em duas densidades de plantio. O experimento foi realizado nos anos agrícolas 2011/2012, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, em pomares de um ano de idade (2011/2012) de pereiras 'Rocha' e 'Santa Maria', conduzidos em líder central e plantados em duas densidades (2.000 e 4.000 plantas por hectare). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção por hectare, produção por planta, eficiência produtiva, número de frutas por planta, massa média de fruta, incremento de diâmetro de tronco, firmeza de polpa e teores de sólidos solúveis. A produção acumulada de 'Rocha' é maior na maior densidade de plantio, enquanto a eficiência produtiva de 'Santa Maria' aumenta na menor densidade de plantio, à medida que as plantas se tornam mais maduras. O diâmetro de tronco de 'Rocha' também aumenta na menor densidade de plantio. No entanto, os parâmetros de qualidade de fruta em ambas as cultivares são pouco afetados pela densidade de plantio.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of 'Rocha' and 'Santa Maria' pears at two planting densities. The experiment was carried out during the 2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014 growing seasons, in one-year-old orchards (2011/2012) of 'Rocha' and 'Santa Maria' pears, trained in a central-leader system and planted in two densities (2,000 and 4,000 trees per hectare). The assessed parameters were: production per hectare, production per tree, yield efficiency, number of fruit per tree, average fruit weight, trunk diameter increment, fruit firmness, and soluble solid contents. The cumulative yield of 'Rocha' is greater at the higher planting density, whereas the yield efficiency of 'Santa Maria' increases at the lower planting density, as the trees get more mature. Trunk diameter of 'Rocha' also increases at the lower planting density. However, fruit quality parameters in both cultivars are little affected by planting density.

A cultura do mirtileiro está em expansäo no Brasil principalmente por seus efeitos benéficos à saúde. Devido ao fato de seu cultivo ser recente no País, a cultura ainda carece de estudos relacionados ao manejo, dentre os quais a adequada cobertura do solo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo de cultivares de mirtileiros dos grupos rabbiteye (Climax, Delite e Powderblue) e highbush (Georgiagem, Misty e O'neal), em resposta a dois tipos de cobertura do solo. O trabalho foi conduzido em condições de campo na empresa Frutplan Mudas Ltda., localizada no município de Pelotas-RS, no período de outubro de 2010 a maio de 2013. Foram estudadas seis cultivares de mirtilo: Climax, Delite, Powderblue, Georgiagem, Misty e O'neal, e dois tipos de cobertura do solo: polipropileno de ráfia extrusado, marca comercial Ground CoverTM e acícula de pínus. Foram avaliados o diâmetro médio das hastes, o número médio de hastes, a altura de planta, a produção por planta, a produtividade, a massa média de fruta, o diâmetro médio de fruta e os sólidos solúveis. Concluiu-se que a utilização de Ground CoverTM incrementa o diâmetro e o número médio de hastes, e a altura das cultivares estudadas, além de aumentar o número de frutas por planta e a produção de 'limax', 'Delite' e 'Powderblue'. Observou-se que, independentemente do sistema de manejo do solo, as cultivares do grupo rabbiteye säo mais produtivas do que as do grupo highbush. Finalmente, o aumento da produtividade por área justifica o custo de instalação da cobertura de polipropileno Ground CoverTM, nas cultivares Climax, Delite e Powderblue.

The blueberry crop is currently expanding in Brazil, mainly because of its health benefits. Because of its cultivation is recent in the country it still needs studies to assess the best management, such as the most suitable mulching. In this way, the aim of this study was do evaluate the productive and vegetative behavior of rabbiteye (Climax, Delite and Powderblue) and highbush (Georgiagem, Misty and O'neal) blueberry cultivars as a function of two mulching. The experiment was performed in field conditions, at the company Frutplan Mudas Ltda, located in the city of Pelotas,RS, Brazil, from October 2010 to May 2013. It was studied six blueberry cultivars: Climax, Delite, Powderblue, Georgiagem, Misty e O'neal and two mulching: extruded polypropylene raffia, under the trade name Ground CoverTM and pine needles. The assessed parameters were average stalk diameter, average stalk number, plant height, production per plant, yield, average fruit weight, average fruit diameter and soluble sugars. It was concluded that Ground CoverTM increase the average stalk diameter, stalk number and plant height of all assessed cultivars, as well as the number of berries per tree and production of 'limax', 'Delite' e 'Powderblue'. Besides, regardless the mulching, rabbiteye cultivars are more productive than do highbush cultivars. Finally, the yield increase justifies the installation cost of the polypropylene Ground CoverTM, in the cultivars Climax, Delite and Powderblue.