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Understanding distribution and survey gaps of Mammals from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado Biomes
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Querido, Luciano Carramaschi de Alagão

; Guimaraes, Aretha Franklin

; Rosa, Clarissa

; Sayer, Emma J.

; Passamani, Marcelo

Biota Neotropica

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2024, Volume 24 N. 2 elocation e20231569

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A Mata Atlântica e o Cerrado brasileiro abrigam uma enorme quantidade de espécies endêmicas e alta diversidade de espécies, especialmente de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. No entanto, não há uma avaliação em larga escala desses animais e de sua distribuição espacial. Nosso estudo sintetiza a literatura sobre levantamentos de mamíferos de médio e grande porte no Cerrado e na Mata Atlântica, com o objetivo de fornecer informações sobre suas distribuições em larga escala e identificar lacunas no conhecimento para guiar futuras pesquisas. Sintetizamos artigos publicados em três bases de dados, com foco em mamíferos com peso superior a 1 kg. Dos 84 artigos encontrados, a maioria (57,14%) tratava de mamíferos na Mata Atlântica, enquanto 42,85% abordavam mamíferos encontrados no Cerrado. Coletamos registros para 116 espécies, sendo as mais comuns Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) e Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Cerrado); Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) e Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766; Mata Atlântica). Nosso estudo também mostra as lacunas no levantamento especialmente em relação às distribuições ao norte dos biomas, que precisam ser resolvidas, assim como a diferença na densidade de pontos que é causada pela menor concentração de amostragens na Mata Atlântica do que o que encontramos no Cerrado. Como consequência, existem largas extensões do Cerrado que apresentam lacunas no levantamento de mamíferos que precisam ser investigados em pesquisas futuras. entanto espacial dados kg 8 57,14% 5714 57 14 (57,14% 4285 42 85 42,85 11 Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1766, 1766 , Cuvier, Cuvier (Cuvier 1798 Illiger, Illiger (Illiger 1815 (Cerrado) 1758, 1758 1758) Atlântica. . Atlântica) biomas resolvidas consequência 57,14 571 5 (57,14 428 4 42,8 176 179 181 (Cerrado 175 57,1 (57,1 42, 17 18 57, (57, (57 (5 (

Abstract The Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) contain a large number of endemic species and high species diversity, particularly for medium and large-bodied mammals. However, there is no large-scale assessment of these animals and their spatial distribution. Our study synthesises the literature on medium and large-bodied mammal surveys in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest to provide insights into their distributions across large spatial scales and identify knowledge gaps to guide future research. We synthesised papers published in three databases, focusing on mammals weighing more than 1kg. Of the 84 papers we found, the majority (57.14%) were on mammals in the Atlantic Forest, while 42.85% were on mammals found in the Cerrado. We gathered records for 116 species, the most common of which were Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) and Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Cerrado); Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) and Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766; Atlantic Forest). Our study allowed us to access, for the first time in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, the information available about medium and large-bodied mammals. We also highlight important sampling gaps, especially concerning the northern parts of both biomes that we need to address, as well as the differences in density of sampling points that are caused by a smaller concentration of sampling efforts in the Atlantic Forest than what we found in Cerrado. As a consequence, larger extensions of Cerrado present knowledge gaps concerning mammal surveys that need to be investigated in future research. Brazilian Savannah diversity largebodied bodied However largescale scale distribution research databases 1kg kg 8 57.14% 5714 57 14 (57.14% 4285 42 85 42.85 11 Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1766, 1766 , Cuvier, Cuvier (Cuvier 1798 Illiger, Illiger (Illiger 1815 (Cerrado) 1758, 1758 1758) Forest. . Forest) access address consequence 57.14 571 5 1 (57.14 428 4 42.8 176 179 181 (Cerrado 175 57.1 (57.1 42. 17 18 57. (57. (57 (5 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1569

Hotspots and hotmoments of wildlife roadkills along a main highway in a high biodiversity area in Brazilian Amazonia
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ROCHA, Lício Mota da

; ROSA, Clarissa

; SECCO, Helio

; LOPES, Edson Varga

Acta Amazonica

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mar 2023, Volume 53 N. 1 Pages 42 - 52

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Atropelamentos de fauna silvestre tornaram-se preocupantes no bioma amazônico devido à abertura de grandes rodovias nas últimas décadas. Neste estudo objetivamos caracterizar a fauna silvestre atropelada em um trecho de 100 km da rodovia BR-163, no oeste do estado do Pará, determinando quais grupos de vertebrados são mais afetados e se há agregações espaciais (hotspots) e temporais (hotmoments) de atropelamentos. De julho 2019 a junho 2020 realizamos 25 amostragens a intervalos de 15 dias, a partir de um veículo a uma velocidade máxima de 40 km h-1. Registramos 351 indivíduos a uma taxa observada de 0.14 ind km-1 dia-1. Apesar de sua menor detectabilidade e taxa de remoção mais acelerada da rodovia devido ao seu pequeno porte, a maioria dos atropelamentos foi de anfíbios (0.066 ind km-1 dia-1). Mapeamos diversos hotspots ao longo do trecho estudado considerando o número total de animais registrados, e, separadamente, para anfíbios e répteis. Análise de regressão linear múltipla indicou que o número total de registros de vertebrados atropelados, e o de anfíbios e répteis é influenciado por temperatura e precipitação. Informação sobre locais com maior incidência de atropelamentos pode subsidiar ações como a instalação de estruturas de passagem de fauna e cercas de proteção, visando a diminuição dos impactos sobre vertebrados silvestres desta rodovia amazônica. tornaramse tornaram décadas 10 BR163, BR163 BR 163, 163 BR-163 Pará (hotspots hotmoments (hotmoments 201 202 2 1 dias 4 h1. h1 h 1. h-1 35 014 0 14 0.1 km1 km- dia1. dia1 dia dia-1 porte 0.066 0066 066 (0.06 . dia-1) registrados separadamente atropelados precipitação proteção amazônica BR16 16 BR-16 20 h- 3 01 0. dia- 0.06 006 06 (0.0 BR1 BR-1 0.0 00 (0. BR- (0 (

ABSTRACT Wildlife roadkills have become a concern in the Amazon biome due to the opening of major roads in recent decades. In this study, we aimed to describe wildlife roadkills in a 100-km stretch of the BR-163 highway, in western Pará state, determining which vertebrate groups are most affected and whether there are spatial (hotspots) and temporal (hotmoments) aggregations of roadkills. From July 2019 to June 2020, we carried out 25 surveys at 15-day intervals, from a vehicle at a maximum speed of 40 km h-1. We recorded 351 individuals at an observed rate of 0.14 ind km-1 day-1. Despite their lower detectability and faster carcass removal rate from the road due to small size, most recorded roadkills were amphibians (0.066 ind km-1 day-1). We mapped several hotspots along the study stretch considering the total number of animals recorded, and separately for amphibians and reptiles. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the number of roadkills of all vertebrates, amphibians and reptiles recorded are influenced by temperature and precipitation. Information on places with the highest incidence of roadkills can support actions such as the installation of underpasses and fences, aimed at reducing the impacts on wild vertebrates of this Amazonian highway. decades 100km 100 BR163 BR 163 BR-16 highway state (hotspots hotmoments (hotmoments 201 2020 2 15day day 15 intervals 4 h1. h1 h 1. 1 h-1 35 014 0 14 0.1 km1 km- day1. day1 day-1 size 0.066 0066 066 (0.06 . day-1) precipitation fences 10 BR16 16 BR-1 20 202 h- 3 01 0. day- 0.06 006 06 (0.0 BR1 BR- 0.0 00 (0. (0 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202201871

Human presence as a determinant of the occurrence of mammals in a high diversity protected area of Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone in Brazil CerradoCaatinga Cerrado Caatinga
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PEREIRA, ADRIELE A.

; ROSA, CLARISSA

; FARIA, LUCAS D.B.

; SILVA, LUCAS G. DA

; PASSAMANI, MARCELO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 1 elocation e20201869

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Cerrado domain and its biodiversity has suffered several anthropogenic influences. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of biotic and anthropic variables on the mammal community in a protected area in the Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone. For this we sampled the mammals using camera traps (4,072 days/trap) for 16 months. We used generalized mixed linear models (GLMM) with model selection via Akaike’s Information Criteria corrected for small sample size (AICc) to assess the influence of variables on richness, abundance and functional groups of mammals. We made a total of 663 photographic records of 16 species of medium and large mammals. The richness and number of mammals was negatively influenced by the distance to human settlements while carnivores were not affected by any of the variables evaluated, herbivores and generalists were more common in areas closer from human habitation. Despite the presence of large areas of native vegetation, our results show that there is a dominance of common and generalist species. The protected area is vulnerable to different sources of human pressure and the design and implementation of a management plan can be a key tool for protecting biodiversity and regulating the use of natural resources by local communities. influences CerradoCaatinga Caatinga ecotone 4,072 4072 4 072 (4,07 days/trap daystrap days trap 1 months GLMM (GLMM Akaikes Akaike s AICc (AICc 66 evaluated habitation vegetation communities 4,07 407 07 (4,0 6 4,0 40 0 (4, 4, (4 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320201869

Long-term Ecological Research: Chasing fashions or being prepared for fashion changes? Longterm Long term Research changes
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BERGALLO, HELENA G.

; ROSA, CLARISSA

; OCHOA, ANA C.

; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO

; GUIMARAES, ARETHA F.

; BANHOS, AUREO

; CASTILHO, CAROLINA V.

; BARROS, CLAUDIA F.

; NORRIS, DARREN

; DRUCKER, DEBORA P.

; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS J.

; BACCARO, FABRICIO B.

; LOURENÇO, IGOR H.

; ZUANON, JANSEN

; STEGMANN, LIS F.

; ANJOS, MARCELO R.

; SILVEIRA, MARCOS

; ARAÚJO, PATRICIA S.G.

; BOBROWIEC, PAULO E.D.

; FADINI, RODRIGO

; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO

; EMILIO, THAISE

; SANTORELLI JUNIOR, SERGIO

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 3 elocation e20230051

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Long-term-ecological-research (LTER) faces many challenges, including the difficulty of obtaining long-term funding, changes in research questions and sampling designs, keeping researchers collecting standardized data for many years, impediments to interactions with local people, and the difficulty of integrating the needs of local decision makers with “big science”. These issues result in a lack of universally accepted guidelines as to how research should be done and integrated among LTER sites. Here we discuss how the RAPELD (standardized field infrastructure system), can help deal with these issues as a complementary technique in LTER studies, allowing comparisons across landscapes and ecosystems and reducing sampling costs. RAPELD uses local surveys to understand broad spatial and temporal patterns while enhancing decision-making and training of researchers, local indigenous groups and traditional communities. Sampling of ecological data can be carried out by different researchers through standardized protocols, resulting in spatial data that can be used to answer temporal questions, and allow new questions to be investigated. Results can also be integrated into existing biodiversity networks. Integrated systems are the most efficient way to save resources, maximize results, and accumulate information that can be used in the face of the unknown unknowns upon which our future depends. Longtermecologicalresearch Long term (LTER challenges longterm long funding designs years people big science. science . science” sites system, system , system) studies costs decisionmaking making communities protocols investigated networks resources results depends

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230051

Species-rich but defaunated: the case of medium and large-bodied mammals in a sustainable use protected area in the Amazon
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ROSA, Dian Carlos Pinheiro

; BROCARDO, Carlos Rodrigo

; ROSA, Clarissa

; CASTRO, Arlison Bezerra

; NORRIS, Darren

; FADINI, Rodrigo

Acta Amazonica

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dec 2021, Volume 51 N. 4 Pages 323 - 333

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Mamíferos neotropicais de médio e grande porte são elementos chave em ecossistemas florestais, e unidades de conservação são essenciais para sua conservação. No Brasil, as unidades de conservação de uso sustentável (UC-US) permitem tanto a conservação da biodiversidade quanto a exploração sustentável dos recursos naturais, especialmente na Amazônia. Porém, as UC-US geralmente são afetadas por pressões internas e externas, e podem apresentar diferentes graus de defaunação. Amostramos mamíferos de médio e grande porte usando armadilhas fotográficas em duas áreas com distintos históricos de manejo e ocupação humana na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós (FNT), na Amazônia ocidental. Em geral, registramos uma rica assembleia de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, mas as duas áreas diferiram na composição de espécies. A área com ocupação humana mais intensa e antiga e exploração florestal apresentou mais registros independentes de espécies generalistas, enquanto espécies maiores, como Tapirus terrestris e Panthera onca, foram registradas exclusivamente na área com menor ocupação humana e sem manejo florestal. A comparação de nossos resultados com estudos similares em outros locais na Amazônia sugere uma redução no tamanho populacional de mamíferos de grande porte, como Tapirus terrestris e Tayassu pecari, provavelmente em resposta ao aumento das atividades humanas. Diferenças locais na ocupação humana dentro de e entre unidades de conservação são comuns na Amazônia, demandando ações específicas do poder público para minimizar impactos de atividades humanas sobre a fauna silvestre. Especificamente na FNT, recomendamos o monitoramento de longa duração das respostas de mamíferos às atividades humanas, para melhor embasar ações de conservação e manejo.

ABSTRACT Neotropical medium and large-bodied mammals are key elements in forest ecosystems, and protected areas are essential for their conservation. In Brazil, sustainable use protected areas (SU-PAs) allow both the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources, especially in the Amazon region. However, SU-PAs usually suffer both internal and external pressures, and may be subject to variable degrees of defaunation. We sampled mammals using camera traps in two areas with different forest management and human occupation history in the Tapajós National Forest (TNF), in the western Amazon. Overall, we recorded a rich assemblage of medium and large-sized mammals, though both areas differed in species composition. The area with older and more intense human occupation and forest exploitation had more independent records of generalist species, while large species such as Tapirus terrestris and Panthera onca were recorded exclusively in the area with lower human occupation and no forest management. A comparison of our results with similar studies in other Amazonian sites suggests a reduction in the population size of large-bodied mammals, such as Tapirus terrestris and Tayassu pecari, likely in response to increased human activities. Local differences in human occupation within and between protected areas are common in the Amazon, demanding area-specific actions from public authorities to minimize impacts on wildlife caused by human activities. Specifically in TNF, we recommend long-term monitoring of the responses of mammals to human activities, to better subsidize conservation and management actions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202101481

Long-term standardized ecological research in an Amazonian savanna: a laboratory under threat
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FADINI, RODRIGO F.

; BROCARDO, CARLOS R.

; ROSA, CLARISSA

; ARAGÓN, SUSAN

; LIMA, ALBERTINA P.

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20210879

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract A few decades ago, researchers from the National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) started a pilot study to integrate the ecological studies of several organisms using monitoring plots, which then became the embryo for the creation of the RAPELD (Rapid Assessments and Long-term Ecological Research) system used by the Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) and the Long-term ecological research site POPA (PELD Western Pará). They installed and maintained permanent plots in an Amazonian-savanna patch near to the village of Alter do Chão. Amazonian savannas constitute a threatened ecosystem comprising only 6% of the Amazon biome. Most of the studies focused on three main long-term ecological research questions, but the site was also of importance for other inquiries and for the training of young researchers, contributing 71 articles so far and 32 masters and doctorate theses. Here, we present the experimental design and results of standardized studies in the savannas and forest fragments near Alter do Chão that have been carried out over the years. We discuss the future prospects and local threats to the area (e.g. soy crops and land speculation), and highlight the need to incorporate Alter do Chão villagers in land-use planning in the region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120210879 1 downloads

The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation
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ROSA, CLARISSA

; BACCARO, FABRICIO

; CRONEMBERGER, CECILIA

; HIPÓLITO, JULIANA

; BARROS, CLAUDIA FRANCA

; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS DE JESUS

; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO

; OVERBECK, GERHARD E.

; DRECHSLER-SANTOS, ELISANDRO RICARDO

; ANJOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS

; FERREGUETTI, ÁTILLA C.

; AKAMA, ALBERTO

; MARTINS, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO

; TOMAS, WALFRIDO MORAES

; SANTOS, SANDRA APARECIDA

; FERREIRA, VANDA LÚCIA

; CUNHA, CATIA NUNES DA

; PENHA, JERRY

; PINHO, JOÃO BATISTA DE

; SALIS, SUZANA MARIA

; DORIA, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA

; PILLAR, VALÉRIO D.

; PODGAISKI, LUCIANA R.

; MENIN, MARCELO

; BÍGIO, NARCÍSIO COSTA

; ARAGÓN, SUSAN

; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO

; VÉLEZ-MARTIN, EDUARDO

; SILVA, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E

; IZZO, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA

; MORTATI, AMANDA FREDERICO

; GIACOMIN, LEANDRO LACERDA

; ALMEIDA, THAÍS ELIAS

; ANDRÉ, THIAGO

; SILVEIRA, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA

; SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA

; MESSIAS, MARILUCE REZENDE

; MARQUES, MARCIA C.M.

; PADIAL, ANDRE ANDRIAN

; MARQUES, RENATO

; BITAR, YOUSZEF O.C.

; SILVEIRA, MARCOS

; MORATO, ELDER FERREIRA

; PAGOTTO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA

; STRUSSMANN, CHRISTINE

; MACHADO, RICARDO BOMFIM

; AGUIAR, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA

; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON

; OKI, YUMI

; NOVAIS, SAMUEL

; FERREIRA, GUILHERME BRAGA

; BARBOSA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES

; OCHOA, ANA C.

; MANGIONE, ANTONIO M.

; GATICA, AILIN

; CARRIZO, MARÍA CELINA

; RETTA, LUCÍA MARTINEZ

; JOFRÉ, LAURA E.

; CASTILLO, LUCIANA L.

; NEME, ANDREA M.

; RUEDA, CARLA

; TOLEDO, JOSÉ JULIO DE

; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS

; VALE, MARIANA M.

; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINICIUS

; CERQUEIRA, RUI

; HIGASHIKAWA, EMÍLIO MANABU

; MENDONÇA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE

; GUERREIRO, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA

; BANHOS, AUREO

; HERO, JEAN-MARC

; KOBLITZ, RODRIGO

; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE GARCIA

; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO

; VASCONCELOS, HERALDO L.

; VIEIRA, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES

; COLLI, GUARINO RINALDI

; CECHIN, SONIA ZANINI

; SANTOS, TIAGO GOMES DOS

; FONTANA, CARLA S.

; JARENKOW, JOÃO A.

; MALABARBA, LUIZ R.

; RUEDA, MARTA P.

; ARAUJO, PUBLIO A.

; PALOMO, LUCAS

; ITURRE, MARTA C.

; BERGALLO, HELENA GODOY

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 2 elocation e20201604

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604 1034 downloads

Seed removal of Araucaria angustifolia by native and invasive mammals in protected areas of Atlantic Forest
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Rosa, Clarissa

; Hegel, Carla Grasiele Zanin

; Passamani, Marcelo

Biota Neotropica

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2021, Volume 21 N. 1 elocation e20201111

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A floresta de Araucárias é uma das florestas tropicais mais ameaçadas do mundo. O javali (Sus scrofa) é um porco invasor que está se expandindo por essas florestas e removendo sementes que estariam disponíveis para a fauna nativa. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar as taxas de remoção das sementes do pinheiro brasileiro (Araucaria angustifolia) por pequenos, médios e grandes mamíferos, em áreas com e sem javali. Realizamos um experimento de remoção de sementes com três tratamentos diferentes que limitam o acesso das espécies de mamíferos às sementes do pinheiro brasileiro, em áreas com e sem a ocorrência de javalis. Números semelhantes de sementes de pinheiro brasileiro foram removidos por pequenos, médios e grandes mamíferos, mesmo em áreas com javalis. No entanto, verificamos que a remoção de sementes por pequenos mamíferos é gradativa ao longo do tempo, enquanto que grandes mamíferos, especialmente os javalis, removem as sementes em uma única visita. Portanto, recomendamos estudos de longo prazo para investigar a competição entre javalis e biota nativa e os efeitos dos javalis na dispersão e sobrevivência das sementes do pinheiro brasileiro.

Abstract Araucaria Forest is one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world. Wild pig (Sus scrofa) are invasive pig that is expanding through these forests and seed removing that would be available to native fauna. Our aim was to evaluate the rates of seed Araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) removal by both small, medium, and large mammals in areas with and without wild pig. We conducted a seed-removal experiment with three treatments differing in mammals’ access to seeds, in areas with and without the occurrence of wild pig. Similar numbers of seeds Araucaria were removed by small, medium and large mammals, even in areas with wild pig. However, we verified that seed removal by small mammals is graduate over time, while large mammals, especially wild pig, remove in one event. So, we recommend long-term studies to investigate competition between wild pig and native biota and the effects of wild pig on seed dispersal and seed survival.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1111 950 downloads

Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil
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QUINTELA, FERNANDO MARQUES

; DA ROSA, CLARISSA ALVES

; FEIJÓ, ANDERSON

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 elocation e20191004

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract An updated and annotated checklist of mammals occurring in Brazil is presented. A total of 751 native species, distributed in 249 genera, 51 families and 11 orders were recorded to the country. The Brazilian mammalian fauna shows an elevated rate of endemism (30%; 223 species). Among the species evaluated by IUCN (668 species; 90%), a total of 80 (10.6% of total mammalian fauna) are Threatened, 28 (3.9%) are considered as Near Threatened, two species (0.3%) are presumable Extinct, 96 (12.8%) are considered with Deficient Data for conservation and 462 (61.6%) are considered as Least Concern. Fifteen new species were described since the last national compilation (published in 2017), which associated to new records to the country and synonimizations resulted in an increment of 30 species. Eight non-native species were introduced to the country, including the recently established Asiatic cervids Rusa unicolor (sambar) and Axis axis (chital). Seven native species (five primates and two hystricomorph rodents) have been translocated from their areas of natural occurrence to other areas inside the country.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020191004 3241 downloads

10.

Development and characterization of light yoghurt elaborated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis Bb-12 and fructooligosaccharides
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Witschinski, Fabiele

; Demartini, Débora

; Kilian, Josiane

; Dallago, Rogério Marcos

; Rosa, Clarissa Dalla

; Cansian, Rogério Luis

; Valduga, Eunice

; Steffens, Juliana

Ciência Rural

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2018, Volume 48 N. 3 elocation e20170560

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da adição de cultura probiótica (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis Bb-12) e prebióticos (fructooligosacarídeo - FOS) a formulações de iogurte armazenadas a 4°C por 28 dias, utilizando um planejamento experimental (variáveis independentes: (0-3% de FOS e cultura probiótica starter 0-3%). Foram analisados pH, acidez, gordura, sinérese, proteína, ºBrix, açúcares, FOS e contagem de bactérias probióticas. As formulações de iogurte adicionado de probiótico e prebiótico apresentaram menor acidez, sinérese e glicose quando comparados ao iogurte controle e também em comparação com as formulações contendo probiótico e prebiótico sozinhas. A formulação com 3% de probiótico e prebiótico apresentou menor perda de concentração de FOS e, após 28 dias, apresentou 1,5g de FOS por 100g (0,3% de kestose, 0,7% de nystose , 0,5% de fructosil-nistose). Além disso, a adição de prebióticos exerceu um efeito protetor sobre as bactérias probióticas e aumentou a sua sobrevivência.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding probiotic culture (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis Bb-12) and prebiotics (fructooligosaccharide - FOS) to yoghurt formulations stored at 4°C for 28 days, using an experimental design (independent variables: (0-3% of FOS and probiotic starter cultures 0-3%). The pH, acidity, fat, syneresis, protein, ºBrix, sugars, FOS and probiotic bacteria count were analyzed. The probiotic- and prebiotic-added yoghurt formulations showed lower acidity, syneresis and glucose than the control yoghurt and compared to formulations containing probiotic and prebiotic separately. The 3% probiotic and prebiotic formulation showed a lower loss of concentration of FOS, and after 28 days presented 1.5g of FOS per 100g (0.3% kestose, 0.7% nystose, 0.5% fructosyl-nystose). Furthermore, the addition of prebiotics exerted a protective effect on probiotic bacteria, enhancing their survival.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170560 1369 downloads

11.

Desenvolvimento de chocolate branco com extrato de erva-mate
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Zanchett, Catia Santin

; Mignoni, Marcelo Luis

; Barro, Najara Pinto Ribeiro

; Rosa, Clarissa Dalla

Brazilian Journal of Food Technology

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2016, Volume 19 elocation e2015073

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O chocolate é um produto apreciado mundialmente e as tendências do setor apontam para a busca de inovações e a procura por produtos mais saudáveis. Da mesma forma, muitos estudos têm demonstrado os benefícios nutricionais da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis), dentre eles a atividade antioxidante atribuída ao seu alto teor de compostos fenólicos, tornando-a uma matéria-prima potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a aplicação de extrato de erva-mate no desenvolvimento de chocolate branco, a fim de elaborar um produto inovador e que atenda às necessidades de saudabilidade dos consumidores. Foram elaboradas formulações com 1%, 3% e 5% de extrato de erva-mate, determinadas por delineamento composto central 22 para o extrato de erva-mate e vanilina. Todas as amostras apresentaram padrão microbiológico em conformidade com o exigido pela legislação brasileira e foram analisadas sensorialmente, a fim de verificar quais eram as mais aceitas pelos consumidores. As formulações com 1% e 3% de extrato de erva-mate foram as mais aceitas para todos os atributos analisados. Os teores de compostos fenólicos variaram de 137,61 a 198,42 mg EAG/100 g e a atividade antioxidante de 83,39 a 179,73 EC50 (mg/mg). Os resultados mostram que o produto desenvolvido apresentou boa aceitabilidade e a aplicação de extrato de erva-mate acrescentou ao chocolate branco compostos fenólicos com ação antioxidante.

Summary Chocolate is a globally appreciated product and industry trends point to the search for innovations and demand for healthier products. Similarly, many studies have shown the nutritional benefits of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), including the antioxidant activity attributed to its high content of phenolic compounds, making it a potential raw material for new products development. The aim of this study was the application of yerba mate extract in the white chocolate development for an innovative product that meets the healthiness of consumer needs. Formulations were prepared with 1%, 3% and 5% of yerba mate extract, determined by central composite design 22 for the yerba mate extract and vanillin. All samples showed microbiological standard as required by Brazilian law and were sensory analyzed in order to check which samples were most accepted by consumers. Formulations with 1% and 3% of yerba mate extract were the most accepted for all attributes. Phenolic compounds levels varied from 137.61 to 198.42 mg/100 g EAG and the antioxidant activity varied from 83.39 to 179.73 EC50 (mg/mg). Results showed that the developed product had a good sensory acceptability and that the yerba mate extract added phenolic compounds with antioxidant action to the white chocolate.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.7315 4558 downloads

12.

"Green" Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling: An exciting mini-project for chemistry undergraduate students
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Vargas, Bruna Pereira

; Rosa, Clarissa Helena

; Rosa, Diego da Silva

; Rosa, Gilber Ricardo

Educación química

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2016, Volume 27 N. 2 Pages 139 - 142

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

A three-week mini-project is described for an experimental Physical Chemistry or Organic Chemistry course. The activities include synthesis of a biphenyl (4-methoxybiphenyl) via the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using an adapted domestic microwave oven. The technical skills and concepts that are typically presented in practical chemistry courses are covered, including microwave heating, separation of mixtures, TLC techniques, melting range determination, stoichiometric calculations, and GC-MS techniques.

Un mini-proyecto de 3 semanas se describe en un curso experimental de Fisicoquímica o Química Orgánica. Las actividades incluyen la síntesis de un bifenilo (4-metoxibifenil) a través de la reacción de acoplamiento cruzado de Suzuki-Miyaura usando un horno de microondas doméstico adaptado. Las habilidades técnicas y conceptos que normalmente se presentan en los cursos de química prácticos están cubiertos, incluyendo el calentamiento por microondas, la separación de mezclas, técnicas de TLC, la determinación del intervalo de fusión, cálculos estequiométricos, y las técnicas de GC-MS.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eq.2015.11.006 1261 downloads

13.

REDUÇÃO DO TEMPO NO PROCESSO DE COZIMENTO DE MORTADELA E AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FINAL DO PRODUTO
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Orsolin, Diones

; Steffens, Clarice

; Rosa, Clarissa Dalla

; Steffens, Juliana

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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dec 2015, Volume 16 N. 4 Pages 589 - 597

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Em indústrias de alimentos, o processo de cozimento é um dos mais importantes para a conservação e garantia da qualidade do produto final, principalmente de mortadelas. Porém, este é um processo que necessita de elevados investimentos em equipamentos modernos, além de apresentarem gastos com energia elétrica e vapor. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um método de cozimento das mortadelas elaboradas com carne suína e com carne de frango com tempo reduzido pelo aumento da temperatura no interior da estufa. Foram realizadas avaliações do comportamento da atividade de água (Aw), pH e textura das mortadelas ao longo da vida de prateleira. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar que tanto as mortadelas cozidas pelo processo atual quanto as que passaram pelo processo de cozimento em tempo reduzido não apresentaram diferenças significativas com 95% de confiança para nenhuma das características analisadas. Sendo assim, todos os tratamentos apresentaram valores próximos e podem ser considerados dentro dos padrões estabelecidos de qualidade dos produtos, tanto para a atividade de água quanto para pH e textura.

Abstract In food industry, the cooking is one of the most important processes for the conservation and quality assurance of the final product, especially mortadella. However, this process requires high investment in modern equipment besides having energy and steam expenses.. In this context, the objective of this study was to propose a cooking method of mortadella produced with pork and chicken, by reducing time and increasing temperature inside the baking oven. Evaluations of behavior of water activity, pH and texture of the mortadella were carried out throughout shelf life. From the results, we found that both pork and chicken mortadella that were cooked by the current process and those that passed through the cooking process with reduced time showed no significant differences at the level of 95% confidence for the analyzed characteristics. Therefore, all treatments had similar values and can be considered within the established standards of product quality for both water activity and for pH and texture.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v16i430548 7151 downloads

14.

Priority ranking of road sites for mitigating wildlife roadkill
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Bager, Alex

; Rosa, Clarissa Alves da

Biota Neotropica

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dec 2010, Volume 10 N. 4 Pages 149 - 153

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Propomos um índice para a definição de trechos prioritários à implantação de medidas de mitigação contra atropelamento de animais selvagens. Conduzimos um estudo de caso em 34 km da rodovia BR 392, no Sul do Brasil. Comparamos trechos prioritários definidos somente com taxas de atropelamento e trechos prioritários definidos pelo índice. O índice se utilizou de 4 parâmetros: riqueza de espécies alvo, diversidade total de espécies atropeladas, taxa de atropelamento de espécies atropeladas e presença de espécies ameaçadas. Considerando ser impossível proteger toda a comunidade de vertebrados afetada por atropelamento definimos 9 espécies alvo, 5 mamíferos e 4 répteis. Para cada parâmetro foram definidos coeficientes com valores entre 0 e 3. Houve uma significativa mudança nos trechos prioritários para implantação de aparatos de mitigação, alterando as espécies que foram protegidas. Os trechos, definidos somente pela taxa de atropelamento, protegeram especialmente répteis, em detrimento de todos os mamíferos, incluindo as espécies ameaçadas. Trechos com altas taxas de atropelamento continuaram entre os mais importantes para conservação, mas o índice diluiu o efeito deste parâmetro, alterando sua prioridade. O índice pode ser uma ferramenta efetiva para a tomada de decisão em instituições governamentais, especialmente quando análises mais elaboradas não são viáveis em razão de tempo, recursos ou ausência de pessoal especializado.

We propose a ranking index to assign priorities to sites for implementation of measures to mitigate wildlife roadkill. We conducted a case study along 34 km of highway BR 392 in Southern Brazil. We compared priority sites established only according to roadkill rates, with those defined by our index. The index used four parameters: the richness of target species, diversity of roadkilled species, roadkill rate of target species, and presence of endangered species. Although it is impossible to protect the entire community of vertebrates affected by roadkill, we defined nine target species, five mammals and four reptiles. For each parameter, we defined coefficients ranging between 0 and 3. There was a significant change in the priorities of sites for implementing mitigation devices, which caused changes in the species that were protected. The definition of priority sites by considering only the roadkill rate protected reptiles especially, to the detriment of all mammal species, including endangered species. Sites with high roadkill rates continued to be among the most important for conservation, but the index diluted the effect of this parameter, changing the ranking. This ranking index can be an effective tool to aid government institutions in decision-making, especially when more elaborate analyses are not feasible for reasons of time, resources, or lack of trained personnel.

4978 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

15.

The role of organic solvent amount in the lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production
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Dalla Rosa, Clarissa

; Oliveira, Débora de

; Oliveira, José Vladimir

Food Science and Technology

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mar 2010, Volume 30 N. 1 Pages 76 - 78

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo desta pesquisa é reportar o papel da quantidade do solvente orgânico na produção de ésteres etílicos de ácidos graxos do óleo de soja. O n-hexano foi escolhido como solvente e duas lipases comerciais imobilizadas como catalisadores, Novozym 435 e Lipozyme IM. As reações foram conduzidas em 6 horas, variando a razão de solvente de zero a 50 (v/m), adotando para a Novozym 435: 65 ºC, concentração de enzima (E, m/m%) = 5, razão mola óleo:etanol (R) = 1:10, adição de água (H, m/m%) = 0, e para a Lipozyme IM: 35 ºC, E = 5 m/m%, R = 1:3, H = 10 m/m%. Para a enzima Lipozyme IM, um aumento na quantidade de solvente conduz a uma maior conversão da reação, enquanto um efeito não significativo foi encontrado para a Novozym 435. Com 30 mL de solvente, a conversão encontrada para a Lipozyme IM foi de 88% e 15% para a Novozym 435.

This research note addresses the role of organic solvent amount in the production of fatty acid ethyl esters from soybean oil. N-hexane was chosen as solvent and two commercial immobilized lipases as catalysts, Novozym 435 and Lipozyme IM. The reactions were conducted in 6 hours, varying the solvent to oil ratio from zero to 50 (v/wt) and adopting adopting for Novozym 435: 65 ºC, enzyme concentration (E, wt%) = 5, oil to ethanol molar ratio (R) = 1:10, water addition (H, wt%) = 0, and for Lipozyme IM: 35 ºC, E = 5 wt%, R = 1:3, H = 10 wt%. For Lipozyme IM, an increase in solvent amount is shown to lead to an enhancement of reaction conversion, while a negligible effect was found for Novozym 435. When using 30 mL of solvent the reaction conversions were 88% for Lipozyme IM and 15% for Novozym 435.

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