Abstract Background During aging, physiological and behavioral changes occur that lead to the development of diabesity (diabetes + obesity). Hence, the hypothesis that behavioral and health aspects can increase the probability of this outcome is plausible. In this framework, it is essential to carry out health surveys to investigate the factors that increase the probability of diabesity, as this information could be used to help monitor this outcome in the older population more accurately. Objective To verify the factors associated with diabesity in older adults. Methods This is an epidemiological survey, with a cross-sectional design, conducted with 211 older adults (58.80% women) from Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. To assess the outcome, body mass index (BMI > 27 kg/m2) and the concomitant presence of diabetes mellitus were used. In the inferential analyses, crude models and, subsequently, a multiple hierarchical explanatory model were constructed (level 1: socioeconomic variables; level 2: behavioral aspects; level 3: health conditions). This was performed using Poisson regression, with a robust estimator, calculations of prevalence ratios (PR) and their relevant 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of diabesity observed was around 9.50%. Furthermore, older adults who were insufficiently active (RP: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.20 to 6.36), those with arterial hypertension (PR: 5.32; 95% CI: 1.10 to 25.73), and those with hypercholesterolemia (PR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.08 to 7.23) were more likely to have this outcome. Conclusion In the older population of Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil, the factors associated with diabesity were insufficient level of physical activity (PA), arterial hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. aging obesity. obesity . obesity) Hence plausible framework accurately survey crosssectional cross sectional design 21 58.80% 5880 58 80 (58.80 women Aiquara Bahia Brazil BMI 2 kg/m2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m analyses subsequently 1 variables 3 conditions. conditions conditions) regression estimator PR (PR 95 CI. CI (CI) 950 9 50 9.50% Furthermore RP (RP 2.55 255 55 120 20 1.2 6.36, 636 6.36 , 6 36 6.36) 5.32 532 5 32 110 10 1.1 25.73, 2573 25.73 25 73 25.73) 2.80 280 108 08 1.0 7.23 723 7 23 PA, PA (PA) 58.80 588 8 (58.8 kg/m (CI 9.50 2.5 12 1. 63 6.3 5.3 53 11 257 25.7 2.8 28 0 7.2 72 (PA 58.8 (58. 9.5 2. 6. 5. 25. 7. 58. (58 9. (5 (

Resumo: As plantas têm sido amplamente utilizadas para tratar de muitas doenças, especialmente pelas comunidades tradicionais como índios, o que pode ser considerado uma importante fonte de conhecimento empírico sobre o potencial medicinal da biodiversidade brasileira. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o uso de plantas medicinais por uma comunidade indígena na Amazônia chamada Ikólóéhj (Gavião). Os dados foram obtidos com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas de longo prazo em toda a área indígena, a fim de coletar material botânico para posterior identificação e armazenamento em um herbário. No presente trabalho, identificamos 23 espécies de plantas e três morfoespécies, distribuídas em samambaias/licófitas e angiospermas. Além disso, mostramos que folhas (78%), casca (13%) e raízes (9%) foram utilizadas para maceração (49%), uso tópico (26%), infusão e banho (13%) e decocção (9%). Essas plantas foram usadas para tratar dor, diarreia, desnutrição, infecções parasitárias, feridas e picadas de cobra. Também observamos que o conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais é compartilhado com os membros mais velhos da comunidade e que as informações são transmitidas oralmente para as próximas gerações. Assim, o presente estudo contribui para o crescimento e a preservação do conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais, fornecendo subsídios importantes para a compreensão das propriedades terapêuticas das plantas amazônicas.

Abstract: Plants have been widely used to treat many diseases, especially by traditional communities as Indians, that can be considered as an important source of empirical knowledge about the medicinal potential of the Brazilian biodiversity. This study aimed to investigate the use of medicinal plants by a particular Amazon-Indian community named Ikólóéhj (Gavião). The data was obtained based on a semi-structured interview and long-term visits along the indigenous area to harvest the botanical material to subsequent identification and storage in herbarium. In the present work, we identify 23 plant species and three morphospecies, distributed into Ferns / Lycophytes and Angiosperms. In addition, we show that leaves (78%), bark (13%) and roots (9%) were used via maceration (49%), topical use (26%), infusion and bath (13%), and decoction (9%). These plants were used to treat pain, diarrhea, malnutrition, parasites infection, wounds, and snakebites. We also observe that the knowledge about medicinal plants is shared to the older members of the community and this information is transmitted orally to the next generations. Thus, the present study contributes to the regrowth and preservation of knowledge about the use of medicinal plants providing important subsidies for understanding of therapeutic properties of Amazonian plants.

Resumen: Las plantas se han usado ampliamente para tratar de muchas enfermedades, especialmente por comunidades tradicionales como indígenas, que pueden considerarse una fuente importante de conocimiento empírico sobre el potencial medicinal de la biodiversidad brasileña. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el uso de plantas medicinales por una comunidad indígena en la Amazonía llamada Ikólóéhj (Gavião). Los datos se obtuvieron en base a entrevistas semiestructuradas y visitas a largo plazo en toda el área indígena para recolectar material botánico para su posterior identificación y almacenamiento en un herbario. En el presente trabajo, identificamos 23 especies de plantas y tres especies de morfo, distribuidas en helechos/lycophytes y angiospermas. Además, demostramos que las hojas (78%), la corteza (13%) y las raíces (9%) se usaron para maceración (49%), uso tópico (26%), infusión y baño (13%) y decocción (9%). Esas plantas se usaron para tratar el dolor, la diarrea, la desnutrición, las infecciones parasitarias, las heridas y las mordeduras de serpientes. También observamos que el conocimiento sobre las plantas medicinales se comparte con los miembros mayores de la comunidad y que la información se transmite oralmente a las próximas generaciones. Por lo tanto, este estudio contribuye al crecimiento y la preservación del conocimiento sobre el uso de plantas medicinales, proporcionando importantes subsidios para comprender las propiedades terapéuticas de las plantas amazónicas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chamomile extract on Japanese quail on their performance, animal behavior, tonic immobility, body injuries, and surface temperature. The trial was conducted using 108 quail distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments (0, 2.5, and 5.0 g chamomile/kg of feed), six replicates, and six birds per treatment, evaluated in six measures repeated in time (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days of trial). The inclusion of chamomile presented a quadratic effect on sitting behavior, estimating the inclusion of 1.8 g chamomile/kg to maximize this behavior. There was a decreasing linear effect for aggressive pecking, that is, the higher the inclusion of chamomile in the diet, the lower the expression of this behavior. The inclusion of 1.8-5.0 g chamomile/kg in a Japanese quail diet reduces the behavior of aggressive pecking, in addition to keeping the birds seated longer. These results are innovative because they show in the literature for the first time that chamomile supplemented in Japanese quail diets has the capacity to modulate the behavior of the quail, leading to an improvement in the welfare of quail raised in cages.