ABSTRACT Among the less exploited Brazilian native fruit trees, the Spondias dulcis (cajá-manga) has many uses, being their fruits appreciated in fresh consumption and its pulp used in popsicles, ice-creams, and jellies production. However, there is a lack of research on this species, being necessary more studies. This work aimed to characterize the physical and chemical quality and the genetic diversity of Spondias dulcis fruits harvested in different accessions in the municipality of Jataí - GO. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six treatments (accessions), ten replications with ten fruits per plot, totaling a sample of 600 fruits. The fruits were evaluated for pulp and peel color, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio, and vitamin C content. The fruits from accessions M4 and M5 presented physical and chemical characteristics higher than the other plants. The evaluated accessions presented genetic variability, being the methodology employed efficiently to indicate this variability, in which the accession M2 was the most divergent.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho estudar a morfologia de sementes e plântulas, além de se obter informações sobre o tipo e tempo da germinação das sementes de limão-doce em cinco substratos (em papel mata-borrão, entre papel mata-borrão, em areia esterilizada lavada, entre areia esterilizada lavada e em rolo de papel). Sementes de C. limetta foram mensuradas suas dimensões e realizada a descrição externa. Posteriomente, semeadas entre areia e mantidas à 25 ºC para acompanhamento da germinação e descrição morfologica das plântulas resultantes. Um segundo experimento foi avaliado quanto a eficiência dos substratos: rolo de papel, sobre e entre papel, sobre e entre areia na germinação de sementes de C. limetta. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade, o tempo médio e a frequência relativa da germinação. Além disso, foi estabelecida a data da primeira e última contagem da germinação. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As sementes de C. limetta são ovoides, levemente enrugadas e poliembrionicas. A germinação é hipógea, criptocotiledonar ou fanerocotiledonar. As plântulas apresentam eofilos coriáceos com folhas simples, formato elíptico ou próximo do elíptico, tendendo para ovado. Apresenta sistema radicular pivotante coloração de amarelo a creme com presença de raízes secundárias. O tempo médio de germinação é entre 18 e 22 dias. O substrato indicado para germinação das sementes é sobre papel.

ABSTRACT: This research studied the morphology of seeds and seedlings, in addition to obtaining information about the type and time of germination of sweet lemon seeds in five substrates (on blotting paper, between blotting paper, on washed sterilized sand, between washed sterilized sand and in paper roll). C. limetta seeds were measured, and external description was performed. Afterwards, sown in the sand and kept at 25 ºC to monitoring germination and morphological description of the resulting seedlings. A second experiment was evaluated for substrate efficiency: paper roll, on and between paper, on and between sand in the germination of C. limetta seeds. Speed index, average time and relative frequency of germination were evaluated. In addition, date of the first and last germination count was established. Treatment averages were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. C. limetta seeds are ovoid, slightly wrinkled and polyembryonic. Germination is hypogeal, cryptocotylar or phanerocotylar. The seedlings have leathery eophylls with simple leaves, elliptical shape or close to the elliptical, tending to ovate. It has a pivoting root system that is colored yellow to cream with the presence of secondary roots. The average germination time is between 18 and 22 days. The substrate indicated for seed germination is on paper.

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar as correlações entre as características do fruto e da polpa de uma cultivar comercial de maracujá-amarelo (FB 200) infectada com o cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). A infecção natural foi constatada após o início da floração. Os parâmetros peso, comprimento, diâmetro, espessura da casca, rendimento de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relação de sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável foram avaliados. Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados composto por 20 parcelas, com cinco repetições. Os dados foram submetidos a análises descritivas à correlação de Pearson a 1 e 5% de significância. O CABMV diminuiu a qualidade e as características físicas dos frutos, mas estes ainda podem ser destinados às indústrias de processamento de sucos. Correlações positivas significativas foram observadas entre muitos parâmetros avaliados.

Abstract This work aimed to characterize and evaluate the correlations between fruit and pulp characteristics of a commercial cultivar of yellow passion fruit (FB 200) infected with the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The observation of natural infection occurred after the beginning of flowering. The parameters weight, length, and diameter, peel thickness, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and the soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio were evaluated. A completely randomized block design composed of 20 plots with five replications was adopted. The data were subject to descriptive analyses and Pearson’s Correlation at 1 and 5% of significance. CABMV has decreased the quality and physical characteristics of fruits, but they still could be destined for juice processing industries. Many parameters of the fruits presented significant positive correlations.

ABSTRACT During ripening, many transformations occur in passion fruits. The ripening stage affects fruit quality and post-harvest properties. Fruits with 65% yellow epidermis present chemical characteristics that meet industrial standards, facilitating harvest estimations and loss avoidance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the post-harvest properties of passion fruit species (genotypes of the yellow passion fruit and sweet passion fruit, and yellow passion fruit cultivar FB 200) during ripening. The fruits were evaluated by the color of the epidermis and the chemical characteristics of the pulp (titratable acidity, vitamin C, carotenoids, soluble solids content, and ratio). This experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design and a split-plot arrangement, where the plots were the species and the subplots were the evaluation periods (50, 58, 66, 74 and 82 days after anthesis), with four replications and 10 fruits per plot. The yellow passion fruit genotype and cultivar, harvested at 82 days after anthesis, presented desirable characteristics for the juice industry and for fresh consumption. The sweet passion fruit had a higher soluble solids content and titratable acidity ratio because of its high content of soluble solids and low acidity, which translate to a better fruit flavor.

RESUMEN Durante la maduración del maracuyá, se producen muchas transformaciones. La etapa de maduración afecta a la calidad de la fruta y a las propiedades poscosecha. Se sabe que los frutos con un 65% de epidermis amarilla presentan características químicas dentro del estándar requerido por la industria, lo que permite anticipar la cosecha y evitar pérdidas. Así, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades postcosecha de especies de fruta de la pasión (amarilla, dulce y el cv. FB 200) durante la maduración. Los frutos fueron evaluados por el color de la epidermis y las características químicas de la pulpa (acidez titulable, vitamina C, carotenoides, sólidos solubles y proporción). El experimento se realizó en un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo de parcelas subdivididas, donde las parcelas constituyen las especies y las subparcelas constituyen los períodos de evaluación (50, 58, 66, 74 y 82 días después de la antesis), con cuatro repeticiones y 10 frutos por parcela. Los frutos del genotipo de maracuyá amarilla y el cultivar cosechados 82 días después de la antesis presentan características deseables ya sea para la industria del jugo o para consumo fresco. La fruta de la pasión dulce presenta una mayor proporción entre sólidos solubles y acidez titulable, debido a su alto contenido en sólidos solubles y bajo contenido de acidez, lo que implica un gran sabor a fruta.