ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a self-assessment questionnaire for hirsutism using the latest cutoff values recommended by the Endocrine Society (ES) for Latin-American women and by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Subject and methods Female premenopausal outpatients (n = 188) completed a self-assessment questionnaire, scoring hair presence across the nine areas evaluated by the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) scale. The results were compared with clinician-assessed scores rated independently by two trained physicians. Scores in the Hirsuta questionnaire, derived from self-assessment of five areas of the mFG scale, were also evaluated. Results The ethnic composition of the sample was as follows: 23.1% white, 25.8% black, 48.9% mixed, and 2.1% other backgrounds (Indigenous, Asian). The participants had age and BMI of (mean ± standard deviation) 33.7 ± 9.9 years and 29.8 ± 7.21 kg/m2, respectively. The most common areas of excessive hair growth were the chin, upper and lower abdomen, and thighs. Relative to clinician-assessed mFG scores, self-assessed mFG scores had an accuracy of 80% using ES criteria for hirsutism diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 95.45%, specificity of 56.25%, positive predictive value of 30.10%, and negative predictive value of 98.40%. Self-assessed mFG had lower accuracy (71%) for diagnosing hirsutism when the ESHRE criteria were applied. Conclusions Self-assessed mFG had low specificity, limiting its application. The results of this study do not support the use of the self-assessed mFG or Hirsuta scores for diagnosing hirsutism in a clinical setting, although both scoring systems may be useful for screening hirsutism in epidemiological studies. selfassessment self assessment (ES LatinAmerican Latin American ESHRE. . (ESHRE) n 188 FerrimanGallwey Ferriman Gallwey (mFG scale clinicianassessed clinician assessed physicians follows 231 23 1 23.1 white 258 25 8 25.8 black 489 48 9 48.9 mixed 21 2 2.1 Indigenous, Indigenous (Indigenous Asian. Asian Asian) mean deviation 337 33 7 33. 99 9. 298 29 29. 721 7.2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m kg/m2 respectively chin abdomen thighs selfassessed 80 diagnosis 9545 95 45 95.45% 5625 56 56.25% 3010 30 10 30.10% 9840 98 40 98.40% Selfassessed Self 71% 71 (71% applied application setting studies (ESHRE 18 23. 25. 4 48. 2. 3 72 7. kg/m 954 95.45 562 5 56.25 301 30.10 984 98.40 (71 95.4 56.2 30.1 98.4 (7 95. 56. 30. 98. (

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as taxas de continuação do sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG) 52 mg durante os primeiros 5 anos de uso, razões de sua descontinuação, padrões de sangramento e nova escolha contraceptiva após o 5° ano, em adolescentes e mulheres jovens. Métodos O estudo foi uma coorte prospectiva de 5 anos realizada em um Serviço de Planejamento Familiar de um hospital terciário no Brasil. Selecionamos 100 mulheres saudáveis entre 15 e 24 anos que usaram o SIU-LNG 52 mg para contracepção. O acompanhamento clínico dessas mulheres ocorreu de junho de 2017 a dezembro de 2022. O estudo avaliou as taxas de continuação do método, razões de sua descontinuação, padrões de sangramento e nova escolha contraceptiva após o 5° ano. Os dados contínuos foram relatados como média ± DP e intervalo (mínimo-máximo). As variáveis categóricas foram descritas como porcentagens. Resultados As taxas de continuação do SIU-LNG foram 89,1% (82/92), 82,9% (72/87), 75,3% (64/85), 70,5% (60/85) e 64,2% (54/84) no 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° e 5° anos de uso, respectivamente. O principal motivo de descontinuação foi a acne (11/30). As taxas de amenorreia foram de 50, 54,1, 39, 35,7 e 51,8% aos 12, 24, 36, 48 e 60 meses, respectivamente. Todas as pacientes que completaram o estudo e necessitaram de contracepção após o 5° ano optaram por métodos contraceptivos de longa duração (LARC). Conclusão O SIU-LNG apresentou altas taxas de continuação em adolescentes e mulheres jovens nos primeiros 5 anos de uso. A maioria das pacientes que completou o estudo escolheu um método LARC após o 5° ano. SIULNG SIU LNG (SIU-LNG uso Brasil 10 1 2 201 2022 mínimomáximo. mínimomáximo mínimo máximo . (mínimo-máximo) porcentagens 891 89 89,1 82/92, 8292 82/92 , 82 92 (82/92) 829 9 82,9 72/87, 7287 72/87 72 87 (72/87) 753 75 3 75,3 64/85, 6485 64/85 64 85 (64/85) 705 70 70,5 60/85 6085 (60/85 642 64,2 54/84 5484 54 84 (54/84 1° 2° 3° 4 respectivamente 11/30. 1130 11/30 11 30 (11/30) 50 541 54,1 39 357 35 7 35, 518 51 8 51,8 12 36 6 meses LARC. (LARC) 20 202 (mínimo-máximo 89, 82/9 (82/92 82, 728 72/8 (72/87 75, 648 64/8 (64/85 70, 60/8 608 (60/8 64, 54/8 548 (54/8 113 11/3 (11/30 54, 51, (LARC 82/ (82/9 72/ (72/8 64/ (64/8 60/ (60/ 54/ (54/ 11/ (11/3 (82/ (72/ (64/ (60 (54 (11/ (82 (72 (64 (6 (5 (11 (8 (7 ( (1

Abstract Objective To evaluate the continuation rates of the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) during the first 5 years of use, reasons for its discontinuation, bleeding patterns, and new contraceptive choice after the 5th year, in adolescents and young women. Methods The present study was a 5-year prospective cohort conducted in a Family Planning Service of a tertiary hospital in Brazil. We selected 100 healthy women between 15 and 24 years old who used 52-mg LNG-IUS for contraception. The clinical follow-up of these women took place from June 2017 to December 2022. The study evaluated the continuation rates of the method, reasons for its discontinuation, bleeding patterns, and new contraceptive choice after the 5th year. Continuous data were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and range (minimum-maximum). Categorical variables were described as percentages. Results The continuation rates of LNG-IUS were 89.1% (82/92), 82.9% (72/87), 75.3% (64/85), 70.5% (60/85), and 64.2% (54/84) in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th years of use, respectively. The main reason for discontinuation was acne (11/30). Amenorrhea rates were 50, 54.1, 39, 35.7, and 51.8% at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months, respectively. All patients who completed the study and needed contraception after the 5th year opted for long-acting contraceptive methods (LARC). Conclusion The LNG-IUS showed high continuation rates in adolescents and young women in the first 5 years of use. Most patients who completed the study chose a LARC method after the 5th year. 52mg mg 52 levonorgestrelreleasing levonorgestrel releasing LNGIUS LNG IUS (LNG-IUS use patterns th 5year Brazil 10 1 2 followup follow up 201 2022 SD (SD minimummaximum. minimummaximum minimum maximum . (minimum-maximum) percentages 891 89 89.1 82/92, 8292 82/92 , 82 92 (82/92) 829 9 82.9 72/87, 7287 72/87 72 87 (72/87) 753 75 3 75.3 64/85, 6485 64/85 64 85 (64/85) 705 70 70.5 60/85, 6085 60/85 (60/85) 642 64.2 54/84 5484 54 84 (54/84 1st st 2nd nd 3rd rd 4th respectively 11/30. 1130 11/30 11 30 (11/30) 50 541 54.1 39 357 35 7 35.7 518 51 8 51.8 12 36 48 6 months longacting long acting LARC. (LARC) 20 202 (minimum-maximum 89. 82/9 (82/92 82. 728 72/8 (72/87 75. 648 64/8 (64/85 70. 608 60/8 (60/85 64. 54/8 548 (54/8 113 11/3 (11/30 54. 35. 51. 4 (LARC 82/ (82/9 72/ (72/8 64/ (64/8 60/ (60/8 54/ (54/ 11/ (11/3 (82/ (72/ (64/ (60/ (54 (11/ (82 (72 (64 (60 (5 (11 (8 (7 (6 ( (1

Abstract Introduction Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) than the general population. PCOS and NAFLD have common metabolic risk factors, however, the role of diet in NAFLD development is still uncertain in PCOS women. Objective To evaluate and compare the dietary patterns and nutritional intake in patients with PCOS with and without NAFLD. Method Cross-sectional study that included patients with PCOS diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria. All participants were submitted to abdominal ultrasound to investigate liver steatosis. Dietary profile was assessed by 24-hour food recall (24hR), and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) adapted for the Brazilian population. Physical activity practice was also assessed. Results 87 participants were included (average age 35.2 ± 5.7 years), among whom, 67 (77%) had NAFLD. The group with PCOS and NAFLD presented higher body mass index (BMI) (34.9 ± 4.5 vs. 30.4 ± 4.9 kg/m2; p = 0.001), Waist Circumference (WC) (103 [97‒113] vs. 95 [87.5‒100] cm; p < 0.001) and were considered physically active less frequently than those without NAFLD (34.3% vs. 60%; p = 0.04). Food intake and dietary patterns assessed by 24hR, FFQ and HEI presented no difference between the groups. Conclusions PCOS women with coexistent NAFLD had higher BMI, WC and were less physically active than those without NAFLD. Dietary evaluation showed that PCOS women with NAFLD had no significant difference in macro and micronutrients or food group intake and diet quality in comparison to those without NAFLD. (PCOS (NAFLD population factors however Crosssectional Cross sectional criteria steatosis 24hour hour 24 24hR hR , (24hR) FFQ. . (FFQ) (HEI 8 average 352 35 2 35. 57 5 7 5. years, years years) whom 6 77% 77 (77% BMI (BMI 34.9 349 34 9 (34. 45 4 4. vs 304 30 30. 49 kg/m2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m 0.001, 0001 0.001 0 001 (WC 103 (10 97‒113 97113 97 113 [97‒113 87.5‒100 875100 100 [87.5‒100 cm 34.3% 343 3 (34.3 60% 60 0.04. 004 0.04 04 0.04) groups (24hR (FFQ (77 34. (34 kg/m 000 0.00 00 10 (1 97‒11 9711 11 [97‒11 87.5‒10 87510 [87.5‒10 34.3 0.0 (7 (3 1 ( 97‒1 971 [97‒1 87.5‒1 8751 [87.5‒1 0. 97‒ [97‒ 87.5‒ 875 [87.5‒ [97 87.5 [87.5 [9 87. [87. [ [87 [8

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of letrozole (Ltz) in carcinogen+estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia. METHODS: BALB/c female mice were divided into four groups of 12 animals each receiving an intrauterine dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and weekly subcutaneous injections of estradiol hexaidrobenzoate (EHB), except for group I(control). The groups were divided in I (control), II (ENU+EHB), III (ENU+EHB+MPA) and IV (ENU+EHB+Ltz). Group III also received intramuscular injections of MPA (medroxy progesterone acetate) every four weeks, while group IV received oral doses of Ltz daily. At the end of 16 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum estradiol and progesterone levels. Uterine histological sections were made to evaluate the presence of endometrial proliferative lesions. Differences between groups were evaluated with student's t test, ANOVA and chi-square test. RESULTS: Groups ENU+EHB, ENU+EHB+MPA and ENU+EHB+Ltz showed varying degrees of endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of hyperplasia in groups ENU+EHB and ENU+EHB+Ltz was higher and more severe than in group ENU+EHB+MPA. Control group showed lower levels of serum estradiol than the other groups. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that letrozole could act as an antiestrogenic drug in the development of endometrial proliferative lesions.

Objetivo A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é o distúrbio endócrino mais comumemmulheres entre amenarca e a menopausa. O hiperandrogenismo clínico é o critério diagnóstico mais importante da síndrome, que se manifesta como hirsutismo em70% dos casos. Portadores de SOP hirsutas têmelevado risco cardiovascular. O Lipid accumulation product (LAP) é um índice para a avaliação da acumulação de lípidos nos adultos e é um preditor de risco cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a associação entre LAP e hirsutismo em portadoras da SOP. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal de banco de dados secundário, que incluiu 263 pacientes do Ambulatório de Hiperandrogenismo no período de novembro de 2009 a julho de 2014. Foram excluídas pacientes sem o índice de Ferriman-Gallwey e/ ou LAP. Foram utilizados como critérios diagnósticos da SOP os critérios de Rotterdam. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas à avaliação médica seguida da aferição e registro dos dados antropométricos e a realização dos seguintes exames laboratoriais: hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH), hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH), prolactina (PRL), Testosterona total, globulina ligadora dos hormônios sexuais (SHBG), 17-α- hidroxiprogesterona, (fase folicular), perfil lipídico, teste oral de tolerância à glicose, glico-hemoglobina a1C, insulina basal. Outras dosagens laboratoriais foram determinadas à critério clínico. O LAP e o HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment) foram calculados com os dados obtidos. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo das portadoras de SOP com LAP normal (LAp < 34,5) e grupo das portadoras de SOP com LAP alterado (LAP >34,5) para as comparações do hirsutismo. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os programas SPSS Statistics for Windows(r) e Microsoft Excel(r), sendo feitas análises descritivas (frequências, percentuais, médias, desviospadrão) e comparativas (t-Student e qui-quadrado). Foram consideradas relações significativas quando p-valor foi menor ou igual a 0,05. Resultados O LAP foi elevado na maioria das pacientes (n = 177; 67,3%) e o índice de Ferriman-Gallwey (IF) demonstrou que 58,5% das pacientes (n = 154) eram hirsutas. A análise por quartis de LAP, demonstrou correlação positiva (p = 0,04) entre pacientes comIF elevado e LAP no quartil superior (>79,5) quando comparadas àquelas com LAP menor que 29,0 (quartil inferior). Conclusão O estudo demonstrou associação do LAP elevado e hirsutismo. O escore de Ferriman-Gallwey poderia representar uma ferramenta simples e de baixo custo para inferir risco cardiovascular aumentado em portadoras da síndrome.

Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder in women between menarche and menopause. Clinical hyperandrogenism is the most important diagnostic criterion of the syndrome, which manifests as hirsutism in 70% of cases. Hirsute carriers of PCOS have high cardiovascular risk. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an index for the evaluation of lipid accumulation in adults and the prediction of cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between LAP and hirsutism in women with PCOS. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study of a secondary database, which included 263 patients who had visited the Hyperandrogenism Outpatient Clinic from November 2009 to July 2014. The exclusion criteria were patients without Ferriman-Gallwey index (FGI) and/or LAP data. We used the Rotterdam criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. All patients underwent medical assessment followed by measurement and recording of anthropometric data and the laboratory tests for measurement of the following: thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone (follicular phase), glycohemoglobin A1c, and basal insulin. In addition, the subjects underwent lipid profiling and oral glucose tolerance tests. Other laboratory measurements were determined according to clinical criteria. LAP and the homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR) were calculated using the data obtained. We divided patients into two groups: the PCOS group with normal LAP (< 34.5) and the PCOS group with altered LAP (> 34.5) to compare the occurrence of hirsutism. For statistical analysis, we used SPSS Statistics for Windows(r) and Microsoft Excel programs, with descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and comparative analyses (Student's t-test and Chi-square test). We considered relations significant when the p-value was≤0.05. Results LAP was high in most patients (n = 177; 67.3%) and the FGI indicated that 58.5% of the patients (n = 154) had hirsutism. The analysis by LAP quartiles showed a positive correlation (p = 0.04) among patients with a high FGI and an upper quartile LAP (> 79.5) when compared with those with LAP < 29.0 (lower quartile). Conclusion This study demonstrated an association between high LAP and hirsutism. The FGI could represent a simple and low-cost tool to infer an increased cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS.

A insuficiência cronotrópica constitui achado comum entre os pacientes chagásicos. Novas metodologias estão sendo empregadas na avaliação da resposta cronotrópica em vários grupos de pacientes. O índice cronotrópico-metabólico, um desses novos métodos, quantifica a relação entre o aumento da freqüência cardíaca e o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 max) durante o teste ergométrico. A resposta normal é linear, com índice em torno de 1,0. Objetivamos avaliar a resposta cronotrópica e em indivíduos saudáveis e pacientes chagásicos com e sem disfunção ventricular esquerda, utilizando-se do índice cronotrópico-metabólico. Foram avaliados 171 pacientes com doença de Chagas sem doenças associadas e 24 controles submetidos a protocolo clínico e ao teste ergométrico máximo. Os chagásicos foram divididos em dois grupos: Ch1= pacientes com fração de ejeção (FE) > 39% e Ch 2= FE<40%. A análise e o cálculo do índice cronotrópico-metabólico foram feitos pelo método de Wilkoff. Os pacientes chagásicos apresentaram maior idade e maior prevalência de bloqueio completo de ramo direito, assim como menor VO2 max ao teste ergométrico. Ambos os grupos de chagásicos apresentaram menor inclinação do índice cronotrópico-metabólico (Ch1: 0,91±0,10, Ch2: 0,89±0,08) do que os controles (1,0±0,12, p< 0,001). Pacientes com doença de Chagas com e sem disfunção ventricular esquerda podem apresentar resposta cronotrópica deprimida, manifesta por menor inclinação do índice cronotrópico-metabólico.

Chronotropic incompetence is a common feature in Chagas' disease patients. New methodologies are now available to evaluate the chronotropic response in different subsets. The chronotropic-metabolic index (CMI) is one of these new indexes and quantifies the relationship between the increment of heart rate and the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) during exercise testing. In normal subjects there is linear response and the index is round 1.0. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chronotropic response in healthy controls and Chagas' disease patients with and without left ventricular dysfunction, using CMI. Twenty-four controls and 171 Chagas' disease patients underwent a clinical protocol and maximal exercise testing. Chagas' disease patients were divided into two groups: Ch1= patients with ejection fraction (EF) > 39% and Ch2= EF<40%. CMI was analyzed and calculated according to the Wilkoff method. Chagas' disease patients were older than controls and showed higher prevalence of right bundle branch block, as well as lower VO2 max during exercise. Both groups of Chagas' disease patients showed a less steep curve in the chronotropic-metabolic index (Ch1: 0.91±0.10, Ch2: 0.89±0.08) than controls (1.0±0.12, p< 0.001). Chagas' disease patients with and without left ventricular dysfunction chronotropic incompetence may exhibit reduced chronotropic response to exercise, expressed by a less steep chronotropic-metabolic index.