Abstract BRS Boitatá and BRS Ocauçu cassava cultivars for the industry have high root and starch yields and high starch contents in first-cycle and second-cycle harvests, medium tolerance to the main diseases, adequate architecture for mechanized planting and stability in starch contents. firstcycle first cycle secondcycle second harvests diseases

Abstract BRS 429 is a sweet cassava cultivar with yellow pulp and technological qualities (high root yield, early maturity, and favorable plant architecture) and sensory qualities (short cooking time, little fiber, and soft texture) that make it an excellent option for cultivation in the Distrito Federal, Paraná, and São Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract: The cultivar BRS 420 has superior starch yields in early and late harvest, moderate resistance to the main diseases of the crop, adaptation to mechanized planting and to the no-till system, as well as rapid formation of soil cover (which assists in weed control). It represents an alternative for cassava growers in Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul.

Abstract The new cassava variety ‘BRS Novo Horizonte’ was developed and released in Bahia, Brazil for industrial use, particularly for starch production. The fresh and dry root yields were 39% and 44% higher, respectively, than those of local varieties. The root quality traits allowed the extraction of high-quality starch. The variety is also adapted for mechanized cropping systems.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un método de cría de Bemisia tuberculata en plantas de yuca para la producción y el mantenimiento continuo de una colonia. La población inicial de B. tuberculata se obtuvo a partir de hojas recogidas de la planta con alta infestación de ninfas. Los adultos obtenidos fueron transferidos de la taza de plástico a jaulas de tul, en diferentes densidades. La densidad de 125 adultos de B. tuberculata por hojas fue el más adecuado para la cría. El método que se propone en este estudio ha demostrado ser eficaz y se recomienda, ya que el nivel de la población se mantuvo estable durante los experimentos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a rearing method for Bemisia tuberculata on cassava plants that enables the production and ongoing maintenance of a colony. The initial population of B. tuberculata was obtained from leaves collected from plants with high nymph infestations. Emerging adults were transferred from plastic cups to voile cages in different densities. The density of 125 adults of the B. tuberculata per leaf was the most suitable for rearing. The rearing method proposed in this study has proven to be effective and is recommended since it allows for population levels to remain stable during experiments.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de Manihot esculenta e de seus híbridos (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia e M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) à mosca-branca (Aleurothrixus aepim). O ensaio foi realizado em estufa, de outubro a dezembro de 2015, e foi baseado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos (oito genótipos). As variáveis e repetições avaliadas foram as seguintes: duração das fases de desenvolvimento da mosca-branca (nove repetições); viabilidade da ninfa (nove repetições); viabilidade da fase de ovo (cinco repetições); período de incubação (cinco repetições); e número de ovos (três repetições). A contagem do número de tricomas (nove repetições) e a análise colorimétrica (nove repetições) também foram realizadas. O genótipo 'Ecuador 72' apresentou o menor valor de viabilidade da fase jovem de desenvolvimento (44,89%), o que mostra o efeito de antibiose sobre A. aepim. O genótipo FLA 003 (um acesso silvestre de M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) e os híbridos F1 011 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) e PE 001 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) apresentaram níveis de resistência caracterizada por antixenose e foram os menos preferidos para oviposição. Os genótipos 'Ecuador 72', FLA 003, F1 011 e PE 001 podem ser usados como fontes para a obtenção de novas cultivares resistentes de mandioca.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of Manihot esculenta and its hybrids (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) to the whitefly (Aleurothrixus aepim). The trial was carried out in a greenhouse from October to December 2015, and it was based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments (eight genotypes). The evaluated variables and replicates were the following: duration of the developmental phases of the whitefly (nine replicates); nymphal viability (nine replicates); egg viability (five replicates); period of incubation (five replicates); and number of eggs (three replicates). Trichome counting (nine replicates) and the colorimetric analysis (nine replicates) were also performed. The 'Ecuador 72' genotype promoted the lowest value for viability of the immature development phase (44.89%), showing an antibiosis effect on A. aepim. The FLA 003 genotype (a wild accession of M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and the F1 011 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and PE 001 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) hybrids showed resistance by antixenosis and were the less preferred for oviposition. The 'Ecuador 72', FLA 003, F1 011, and PE 001 genotypes can be used as sources to obtain new, resistant cultivars of cassava.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dissimilaridade genética entre espécies domesticadas e silvestres de Manihot, a partir da duração do ciclo biológico, quanto à resistência ao Mononychellus tanajoa. Foram avaliados nove acessos das espécies silvestres de Manihot: M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia, M. esculenta ssp. peruviana e M. carthaginensis ssp. glaziovii, dois clones de M. esculenta: Cigana Preta e Sacaí. O estudo foi conduzido em laboratório, a 25±1oC, 70±10% de UR e 12 h de fotofase. Foram realizadas observações diárias sobre a duração das fases do ciclo biológico (larva-adulto). Os dados submetidos à análise de variância, teste Scott Knott (5%), critério de Singh, análise multivariada de agrupamento e de componentes principais. O período larva-adulto variou de 5,53 a 7,01 dias. O maior período foi verificado no acesso de M. glaziovii (GLA-19-DF), e o menor no acesso de M. flabellifolia (FLA-025V). O método de UPGMA, propiciou a divisão dos genótipos em seis grupos. A maior distância foi entre o acesso FLA-025V e GLA-19-DF. As duas primeiras componentes principais explicaram 77,50% da variação total acumulada. A maior duração do ciclo de M. tanajoa associado a menor viabilidade larva-adulto sugere que o acesso GLA-19-DF é menos favorável ao desenvolvimento do ácaro em relação aos demais e verificou-se variabilidade genética entre os genótipos avaliados.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic dissimilarity among wild and domesticated species of Manihot for resistance to cassava green mite during the insect life cycle. Nine accessions of wild Manihot species, M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia, M. esculenta ssp. peruviana, and M. carthaginensis ssp. glaziovii, and two clones of M. esculenta (Cigana Preta and Sacaí) were evaluated under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH, and a 12-h photophase. Daily observations during the mite life cycle stages (larva-adult) were recorded. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance, a Scott-Knott test (5%), and Singh criterion, cluster, and principal component analyses. The larval-adult period ranged from 5.53 to 7.01 days: the longest period was observed on an M. glaziovii accession (GLA-19-DF) and the shortest on an M. flabellifolia accession (FLA-025V). The UPGMA method allowed the division of the genotypes into six groups, with the greatest distance between the FLA-025V and GLA-19-DF accessions. The first two main components explained 77.50% of the total accumulated variation. The association of the longest cycle duration of M. tanajoa with the lowest larval-adult viability suggests that GLA-19-DF is less favorable to mite development compared to the other accessions. Significant variability among the genotypes was observed.

Survey of potential sharpshooter and spittlebug vectors of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines at the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. Pierce's disease of grapevines, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is a serious problem in some regions of North America, not yet reported in Brazil. In this study, a survey of potential sharpshooter (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) and spittlebug (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) vectors of X. fastidiosa was conducted in vineyards at the São Francisco River Valley, a major grape growing region in Brazil. Four vineyards of Vitis vinifera L. were sampled fortnightly from June/2005 to June/2007, using yellow sticky cards, each placed at two different heights (45 cm aboveground and 45 cm above the crop canopy) in 10 sampling localities. A total of 4,095 specimens of sharpshooters were collected, nearly all from 3 Proconiini species, Homalodisca spottii Takiya, Cavichioli & McKamey, 2006 (96.8% of the specimens), Tapajosa fulvopunctata (Signoret, 1854) (3.1%), and Tretogonia cribrata Melichar, 1926 (1 specimen). Hortensia similis (Walker, 1851) (2 specimens) was the only Cicadellini species. Only 1 cercopid specimen, belonging to Aeneolamia colon (Germar, 1821), was trapped. Even though they are not considered potential Xylella vectors, 2 Gyponini leafhoppers were collected: Curtara samera DeLong & Freytag, 1972 (11 specimens) and Curtara inflata DeLong & Freytag, 1976 (1 specimen). Homalodisca spottii was observed feeding and mating on green branches of grapevines, in addition to egg masses. Because of its prevalence on the crop canopy, occurrence throughout the year (with peaks from February to August), and ability to colonize grapevines, H. spottii could be an important vector if a X. fastidiosa strain pathogenic to grapevines becomes introduced at the São Francisco River Valley.

El piojo harinoso de la yuca, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), se alimenta por succión de la savia de las plantas de yuca, causando daño directo por la succión de la savia y la toxicidad de la saliva e indirectamente, favoreciendo el desarrollo de fumagina. Para el establecimiento de un manejo integrado de plagas, es importante conocer la biología de este insecto. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las caracteristicas biológicas de Ph. manihoti en la yuca. El experimento se realizó con el cultivar Santa Helena. Las plantas se mantuvieron en un sitio semi-climatizado con una temperatura media de 25 °C. Se colocaron aproximadamente 20 huevos recién depositados en las cuatro hojas apicales. Después de la eclosión de los huevos, se dejó una sola ninfa del primer instar por hoja. Las cochinillas se evaluaron diariamente, registrando el tiempo de muda y la mortalidad de las ninfas y la fecundidad y la longevidad de las hembras adultas. A partir de los datos biológicos obtenidos, se realizó la tabla de vida de fertilidad. El estudio tuvo 90 repeticiones. La duración del huevo, ninfa del primer instar, segundo instar, tercer instar y longevidad de la hembra adulta fueron 7,7; 6,9; 4,9; 5,7 y 20,7 días, respectivamente. El ciclo de vida fue de 45,22 días, y la fecundidad fue de 247 huevos por hembra. La tasa reproductiva neta (Ro), tiempo generacional medio (T), tasa intrínseca de crecimiento (r m) y el tiempo de duplicación (D T) fueron 223,640 hembras/hembras, 36,500 días, 0,145 hembras/hembras/día y 4,780 días, respectivamente. La tasa máxima de aumento de la población fue en el día 36.

The cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) feeds by sucking the sap of cassava plants, causing damage directly by sucking the sap and contaminating the plant with its toxic saliva and indirectly by favoring the development of sooty molds. To establish an integrated pest management program, information about the biology of pest species is basic. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine some biological characteristics of Ph. manihoti on cassava. The experiment was conducted using Santa Helena cultivar which was kept in a semi-heated room at an average temperature of 25 °C. Approximately 20 newly oviposited eggs were placed on four apical leaves of each plant. After the eggs had hatched, only one first-instar nymph was left per leaf. The mealybug nymphs were examined on a daily basis; information on molting time was recorded and data on mortality and oviposition were used to construct a fertility life table. The experiment was conducted with 90 replicates. The average duration of the egg, first-instar, second-instar, third-instar nymph and the adult stages were 7.7, 6.9, 4.9, 5.7 and 20.7 days, respectively. On average, the total life cycle lasted 45.22 days, and each female was able to produce a total of 247 eggs. The net increase rate (Ro), mean generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r m) and doubling time (D T) were 223.640 female/female, 36.500 days, 0.145 female/female/day and 4.780 days, respectively. The maximum rate of population increase occurred on the 36th day.

Metamasius spp. não é citado como praga da bananeira. Entretanto, o manejo cultural adotado nos bananais pode interferir na ocorrência desses insetos. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de registrar a ocorrência de Metamasius hemipterus L.. em bananal orgânico cv. Terra e seus danos em uma área experimental e de produção no município de Presidente Tancredo Neves, Bahia. Relata-se a ocorrência de M. hemipterus como praga da bananeira cv. Terra. Alerta-se para a necessidade de monitoramento do inseto principalmente em sistemas de produção orgânica.

Metamasius spp.. is not cited as a banana crop pest. However, cultural management can affect the insect occurrence. This study aimed to register Metamasius hemipterus L. occurrence in banana plants cv. Terra and its damage in an experimental and in a production area located in the county of Presidente Tancredo Neves, Bahia. It is reported the occurrence of M. hemipterus as a primary pest of banana plants cv. Terra. It is informed about the need to monitor the insect population mainly in organic production systems.

In some American countries, grapevines are affected by Pierce's disease (PD), which is caused by a particular strain of Xylella fastidiosa not yet reported in Brazil. In order to investigate the potential for PD spread in Brazil in case of pathogen introduction, we conducted a faunistic analysis of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated to vineyards in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with emphasis in the subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters), which includes the main potential vectors of X. fastidiosa. Leafhopper samplings were carried out fortnightly during two years (9/2004-9/2006) in four Vitis vinifera vineyards in the municipalities of Bento Gonçalves and Farroupilha (RS). Thirtyfour leafhopper and six spittlebug species were collected, but most (98.4%) of the 3,893 specimens trapped were leafhoppers, distributed in the subfamilies Cicadellinae (60.2%), Gyponinae (34.1%), Deltocephalinae (3.8%) and Coelidinae (0.3%). The sharpshooter specimens were divided in the tribes Cicadellini (68.5%; 12 species) and Proconiini (31.5%; 11 species). Based on the faunistic indices, five species of Cicadellini, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), Dilobopterus dispar (Germar), Macugonalia cavifrons Stal, Sibovia sagata (Signoret) and Spinagonalia rubrovittata Cavichioli, and three of Proconiini, Molomea consolida (Schöder), Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) and Oncometopia fusca Melichar were prevalent in the vineyards. The high diversity of native sharpshooters in Rio Grande do Sul indicates the existence of a high risk of PD spread if the pathogen is introduced in grapevines.

A produção de brocossomos é considerada uma característica dos Cicadellidae e pode representar uma inovação importante no desenvolvimento e diversificação deste grupo. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as espécies de Proconiini formadoras de brocossomos de ovos associadas à cultura da videira na região da Serra Gaúcha. As características dos brocossomos de ovos e uma chave para identificação também são discutidas. Os espécimes foram coletados com cartões adesivos amarelos em quatro vinhedos (Vitis vinifera L.) no período de outubro de 2004 a maio de 2006. Foram identificadas oito espécies com capacidade de produzir brocossomos de ovos: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli; Homalodisca ignorata Melichar; Molomea consolida Schröder; Molomea lineiceps Young; Molomea personata (Signoret); Oncometopia facialis (Signoret); Oncometopia fusca Melichar e Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret). Os brocossomos de ovos são estruturas que podem ser utilizadas na identificação de espécies de Proconiini em videira.

Brochosomes production is considered a feature of Cicadellidae, and may represent an outstanding innovation which has played an important role in the development and diversification of this insect group. The objective of this study was to identify the species of Proconiini that produced egg brochosomes associated with grapevines in the Serra Gaúcha region of Brazil. Egg brochosome characteristics and an identification key are also discussed. The specimens were collected using yellow sticky cards in four vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) from October 2004 to May 2006. Eight species capable of producing egg brochosomes were identified:Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli; Homalodisca ignorata Melichar; Molomea consolida Schröder; Molomea lineiceps Young; Molomea personata (Signoret); Oncometopia facialis (Signoret); Oncometopia fusca Melichar; and Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret). Egg brochosomes are useful structures to identify Proconiini species in vine.

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o desenvolvimento do parasitóide Trichogramma pretiosum Riley em ovos de Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick), sob diferentes temperaturas. Foram utilizadas sete temperaturas constantes (14, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28 e 30ºC), umidade de 70 ± 10% e fotoperíodo de 14h. Foram utilizadas 40 repetições com 20 ovos parasitados de B. cranaodes mantidos em tubos de vidro (8,5 x 2,5 cm), vedados com filme plástico transparentes. Para o cálculo do limiar inferior de temperatura (Tb) e da constante térmica (K) foi utilizado o método da hipérbole. A Tb foi de 11,9ºC e a constante térmica 153,4 GD. A faixa de temperatura mais adequada para a criação de T. pretiosum situou-se entre 25ºC e 30ºC, quando se obteve o menor ciclo ovo-adulto, maiores taxas de emergência e o maior número de indivíduos emergidos por ovo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley on eggs of Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) under different temperatures. B. cranaodes eggs were maintained under seven constant temperatures (14, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28 and 30ºC), 70 ± 10% R.H. and, 14 h L. Forty replicates with 20 parasitized eggs each were kept in glass tubes (8.5 x 2.5 cm) covered with a plastic film. The method of hyperbole was used to calculate the temperature threshold (Tb) and the thermal constant (K). The Tb obtained was 11.9ºC and to thermal constant was 153,4 DD. The most favorable temperature range was from 25ºC to 30ºC, at which the shortest egg-adult development period and the highest survivorship were observed.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de Cryptoblabes gnidiella em dietas artificiais e conhecer as exigências térmicas da espécie. A biologia do inseto foi estudada em laboratório (26±1ºC, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotófase de 14 horas), em três dietas artificiais à base de feijão carioca (D1), feijão branco e "pellet" de alfafa (D2) e feijão branco (D3). As exigências térmicas das fases de desenvolvimento foram determinadas em laboratório, tendo-se criado o inseto na D2, nas temperaturas de 18ºC, 22ºC, 26ºC e 30ºC, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotófase de 14 horas. Com base na tabela de vida de fertilidade, a D2 foi a mais adequada para criação de C. gnidiella em laboratório e proporcionou uma viabilidade total de 53,30%. A temperatura base e a constante térmica para o ciclo total (ovo-adulto) foram 12,26ºC e 569,91 graus-dia, respectivamente. Com base nas exigências térmicas, estimou-se que o inseto completa 3,25 gerações anuais em Caxias do Sul, RS e 9,19 em Petrolina, PE.

This work was conducted to evaluate the development of Cryptoblabes gnidiella in artificial diets, and to know the thermal requirements of the species. Biology was studied under laboratory conditions (26±1ºC, relative humity of 70±10% and L/D 14:10 h) using three artificial diets based on bean (D1), white bean and pellet of alfafa (D2) and of white bean (D3). Thermal requirements of honeydew moth were estimated at four constant temperatures (18ºC, 22ºC, 26ºC e 30ºC) using D2 artificial diet. Based on fertility life table, D2 was the most appropriate diet to rear C. gnidiella in laboratory providing a total viability of 53.30%. The lower threshold temperature and thermal requirements for the biological cycle (egg to adult) were 12.26ºC and 569.91 day degrees, respectively. The specie completes 3.25 generations in Caxias do Sul, RS and 9.19 in Petrolina, PE.

A filoxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) é considerada a principal praga da videira. O inseto se alimenta da parte aérea e raízes sendo que os maiores prejuízos são observados em raízes de Vitis vinifera cultivada como pé-franco. O dano nas folhas é importante em viveiros, quando o ataque ocorre nos ramos utilizados como porta-enxertos, resistentes à forma radícola. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de selecionar inseticidas que possam ser empregados como substitutos aos fosforados e piretróides no manejo da forma galícola da filoxera. Os inseticidas imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acephate, abamectin, deltamethrin e fenitrothion, foram avaliados em condições de campo, sob infestação natural, em plantas matrizes do porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. Imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC, 40mL 100L-1) e thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG, 30g 100L-1) reduziram as injúrias causadas pela forma galícola da filoxera nos ponteiros em nível superior a 90%, proporcionando controle superior aos inseticidas deltamethrin (Decis 25 CE, 40mL 100L-1) e fenitrothion (Sumithion 500 CE, 150 mL/100L) considerados referência no controle do inseto. Os inseticidas acephate (Orthene 750 BR, 100g 100L-1) e abamectin (Vertimec 18 CE, 80mL 100L-1) não foram eficientes.

Grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1856) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) is the main grape pest. Adults and nymphs feeds on leaves and roots but major damage is observed on roots of own rooted Vitis vinifera. Damage on leaves is important in root stock nurseries where chemical control is necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate insecticides to control the leaf form in a Paulsen 1103 nursery in field condictions. Imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC, 40mL 100L-1) and thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG, 30g 100L-1) reduced foliar damage in more than 90%, providing better control than deltamethrin (Decis 25 CE, 40mL 100L-1) and fenitrothion (Sumithion 500 CE, 150mL 100L-1) current standarts for pest control. Acephate (Orthene 750 BR, 100g 100L-1) and abamectin (Vertimec 18 CE, 80mL 100L-1) were not efficient.