Resumo A união de materiais diferentes ou componentes com geometrias complexas muitas vezes requer processos de uniões especiais, como por exemplo, uma fonte de energia de alta densidade como laser ou feixe de elétrons para soldagem por fusão ou mesmo um processo de soldagem no estado sólido. Em particular, este trabalho descreve os experimentos recentes da aplicação da soldagem por difusão no estado sólido (SDES) para diferentes tipos de aços inoxidáveis: austenítico AISI 316L, duplex UNS 31803 e superduplex UNS 327250. A soldagem por difusão foi realizada sob alto vácuo a 1050 °C, durante 60 minutos, empregando uma pressão uniaxial de 18-35 MPa. A qualidade da união foi avaliada por microscopia óptica e testes mecânicos. Os resultados preliminares indicam a necessidade de otimização dos parâmetros de processo para os aços duplex e superduplex. Os resultados positivos alcançados no presente trabalho permitiram a fabricação de protótipos de trocadores de calor compacto em aço inoxidável, utilizando o novo método de fabricação, desenvolvido por LABTUCAL / UFSC, através do qual o processo de corte a jato de água é aplicado para confeccionar com precisão os canais do núcleo do permutador de calor.

Abstract The joining of dissimilar materials or components with particular geometry often requires special union procedures, for instance a high density energy source as laser or electron beam for fusion welding or even necessarily a solid state welding process. In particular, this work describes the recent experience on applying the solid-state diffusion bonding (SSDB) to different types of stainless steels: austenitic AISI 316L, duplex UNS 31803 and superduplex UNS 327250. The SSDB was realized under high vacuum at 1050 °C for 60 min, employing uniaxial hydrostatic pressure of 18-35 MPa. The quality of the joints was evaluated by optical microscopy and mechanical tests. The preliminary results indicate the necessity of optimization of the process parameters for the duplex and superduplex steels. The positive results of the present study allowed the fabrication of compact heat exchanger prototype in stainless steel, employing the new manufacturing method, developed by LABTUCAL/UFSC, whereby a water jet is applied to precisely cut the channels of the heat exchanger core.

The mechanical metallization is a successful technique at laboratory scale and specially applied to oxide ceramics. Indirect brazing process of zirconia to metals is achieved using active-metal-free filler alloys on previously metallized ceramic. Stabilized zirconia ceramics were mechanically metallized with Ti and wetting conditions evaluated using commercial Ag-Cu and Au-Ni fillers with its respective thermal cycles. Better results were selected for brazing ceramic to metals in a high-vacuum furnace. Reliable vacuum tight ceramic/metal joints were obtained specially using the Ag-28Cu filler for results below 10-8 mbar.ℓ.s-1; samples at the joint cross-section were examined by microstructural analysis techniques and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Microhardness profiles were made across the joints interface where zirconia undergone a typical darkening effect during brazing. Microstructure at the braze region revealed a dark reaction layer and precipitation zone closely to metallized ceramic surface for zirconia/Ti-6Al4V joints due to chemical interactions between the individual components.