Abstract Dental associations worldwide recommend that the first dental visit should take place before 12 months of age; however, preschoolers’ utilization of dental services remains low. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with, dental services utilization among children aged 1 to 3 years. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Diamantina, MG, Brazil, and involved a sample of 308 child-mother pairs. Mothers completed a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic and economic aspects of the family and characteristics pertaining to their child’s oral health. The clinical assessment of the children included dental caries, trauma, malocclusion, and mucosal changes. Analysis of the data comprised statistical description, application of the chi-square test, and Poisson’s regression analysis. Among the children studied, 39.6% had attended at least one dental visit in their lifetime. Children whose families had a greater number of members relying on the family’s income (PR = 1.40, 95%CI:1.04 –1.89, p = 0.028) and those with moderate/extensive dental caries (Codes 3-6 of the ICDAS; PR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.08 –1.93, p = 0.014) exhibited a higher prevalence of dental services utilization. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental services utilization among children aged 1 to 3 years was low, and was associated with a greater number of family members relying on the family’s income, and with the occurrence of moderate/extensive dental caries. age however preschoolers low crosssectional cross sectional Diamantina MG Brazil 30 childmother child mother pairs childs s health trauma malocclusion changes description chisquare chi square test Poissons Poisson analysis studied 396 39 6 39.6 lifetime familys 140 40 1.40 95%CI1.04 95CI104 CI 95%CI 1.04 95 04 95%CI:1.0 189 89 –1.89 0.028 0028 0 028 moderateextensive moderate extensive Codes 36 3- ICDAS 144 44 1.44 95CI 108 08 1.0 193 93 –1.93 0.014 0014 014 conclusion 39. 14 4 1.4 CI1 95%CI1.0 95CI10 104 9 95%CI:1. 18 8 –1.8 0.02 002 02 10 1. 19 –1.9 0.01 001 01 95%CI1. 95CI1 95%CI:1 –1. 0.0 00 95%CI1 –1 0. –

Abstract This bibliometric study aimed to identify and analyze the 100 most cited articles about orofacial trauma in children and adolescents. The search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) using a combined search strategy. Two researchers collected the following data from each article: year of publication, country, journal, number and density of citations, author, institutions, study design, type of trauma, and keywords. The VOSviewer and SPSS version 22.0 softwares were used for data analyses. The articles were published from 1968 to 2012 and the number of citations ranged from 49 to 176. Europe was the continent with most articles (40 articles; 3,408 citations). Brazil was the country that made the largest contribution (20 articles; 1,741 citations) and the Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Brazil) was the institution with most articles (5 articles; 492 citations). Marcenes W was the most productive author (8 articles; 968 citations). The cross-sectional study design was the most common (50 articles; 3,978 citations). The most frequent field was epidemiology (73 articles; 5,971 citations). The most widely used criteria for trauma diagnosis were the Andreasen (18 articles; 1,505 citations) and Le Fort (3 articles; 260 citations). Strong positive correlations were found in the number of citations between WoS-CC and Google Scholar (r = 0.929; p < 0.001), WoS-CC and Scopus (r = 0.976; p < 0.001), and Google Scholar and Scopus (r = 0.903; p < 0.001). The 100 most cited articles about orofacial trauma in children and adolescents were mainly cross-sectional studies published by Brazilian authors in epidemiology using Andreasen criteria. Dental Traumatology was the journal with the largest contribution. 10 WoSCC WoS CC (WoS-CC strategy article publication institutions keywords 220 22 0 22. analyses 196 201 4 176 40 (4 3408 3 408 3,40 citations. . 20 (2 1741 1 741 1,74 (Brazil 5 ( 8 96 crosssectional cross sectional 50 3978 978 3,97 73 (7 5971 971 5,97 18 (1 1505 505 1,50 26 r 0.929 0929 929 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) 0.976 0976 976 0.903 0903 903 0.001. 2 19 17 340 3,4 174 74 1,7 9 397 97 3,9 7 597 5,9 150 1,5 0.92 092 92 000 0.00 00 0.97 097 0.90 090 90 34 3, 1, 39 59 5, 15 0.9 09 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to review the psychometric properties of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires for the Brazilian adult population. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the COSMIN guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022300018). The studies were obtained through electronic searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, VHL (BIREME), SciELO, and Embase databases. Results: The search was performed in December 2022. Articles on OHRQoL that reported the cross-cultural adaptation of instruments into Portuguese (Brazil) and evaluated the psychometric properties of measuring instruments in adult patients were included. Those about the development of a novel instrument and participants under 18 years of age were excluded. Information was collected on the country, type of instrument validated, psychometric tests, and adaptation process. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEpro program. The search returned 6,556 articles, and 14 were considered for this review. However, two studies did not report the cross-cultural adaptation process. Content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reliability, general discriminant validity, Cronbach’s alpha value, and general intraclass correlation coefficient value were confirmed in 12 studies. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.96. The certainty of the evidence was considered moderate and low. This study has some limitations, such as the lack of information in some reviewed studies, the unavailability of Brazilian instruments, and absence of longitudinal validation of some instruments. Conclusions: In conclusion, there are 14 OHRQoL instruments adapted for Brazilian adults that can be used with caution by researchers and clinicians, since they presented moderate to low certainty of the evidence. Objective healthrelated health related (OHRQoL population Methods PROSPERO CRD42022300018. CRD42022300018 CRD . CRD42022300018) PubMedMEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE PubMed/MEDLINE Science Lilacs BIREME, BIREME , (BIREME) SciELO databases Results 2022 crosscultural cross cultural Brazil (Brazil included 1 excluded country validated tests process program 6556 6 556 6,55 articles However validity consistency reliability Cronbachs Cronbach s 069 0 69 0.6 096 96 0.96 limitations Conclusions conclusion clinicians CRD4202230001 (BIREME 202 655 55 6,5 06 0. 09 9 0.9 CRD420223000 20 65 5 6, CRD42022300 2 CRD4202230 CRD420223 CRD42022 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar as propriedades psicométricas dos questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) para a população adulta brasileira. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com base nas diretrizes Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments - COSMIN (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO CRD42022300018). Os estudos foram obtidos por meio de buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS (Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde - BIREME), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Embase. A busca foi realizada em dezembro de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos que relatavam a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos (QVRSB) para o português (Brasil) e que avaliavam as propriedades psicométricas de mensuração de instrumentos (QVRSB) em pacientes adultos. Foram excluídos aqueles sobre o desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento e com participantes menores de 18 anos. Foram coletadas informações sobre país, tipo de instrumento validado, testes psicométricos e processo de adaptação. A certeza da evidência foi avaliada usando GRADE. Resultados: A pesquisa retornou 6556 artigos, e 14 foram incluídos nesta revisão. Dois estudos não relataram o processo de adaptação transcultural. A validade de conteúdo, consistência interna, validade de critério, validade de constructo, confiabilidade, validade discriminante geral, valor alfa de Cronbach e valor geral do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram confirmadas em 12 estudos. O alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,69 a 0,96. A certeza da evidência foi considerada moderada e baixa. Esta pesquisa apresenta algumas limitações, como falta de informação em alguns estudos revisados; indisponibilidade de instrumentos brasileiros; ausência de validação longitudinal de alguns instrumentos. Conclusões: Em conclusão, existem 14 instrumentos de QVRSB adaptados para adultos brasileiros que podem ser utilizados com cautela por pesquisadores e clínicos, uma vez que apresentam moderada a baixa certeza de evidência. Objetivo OHRQoL (OHRQoL brasileira Métodos Consensusbased Consensus based International CRD42022300018. CRD42022300018 CRD . CRD42022300018) PubMed/ PubMed / (PubMed) MEDLINE, MEDLINE , (MEDLINE) Science LatinoAmericana Latino Americana Lilacs, Lilacs (Lilacs) Centro LatinoAmericano Americano BIREME, BIREME BIREME) SciELO (SciELO Embase 2022 (QVRSB Brasil (Brasil 1 anos país validado GRADE Resultados 655 conteúdo interna critério constructo confiabilidade 069 0 69 0,6 096 96 0,96 limitações revisados Conclusões conclusão clínicos CRD4202230001 (PubMed (MEDLINE (Lilacs 202 65 06 6 0, 09 9 0,9 CRD420223000 20 CRD42022300 2 CRD4202230 CRD420223 CRD42022 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess whether mothers’ sense of coherence (SOC) was a predictor of decline in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschoolers. A 3-year cohort study was conducted in Diamantina, Brazil. At baseline, 162 preschoolers aged one to three years were randomly selected from among children registered in local Primary Healthcare Units. In the first stage, mothers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS), and the Brazilian short version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). The total score obtained from the SOC-13 was used to select exposed and unexposed children. Clinical examinations were performed to detect the presence of dental caries, traumatic dental injury, and malocclusion. At follow-up, mothers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire and the B-ECOHIS again. The incidence of severe dental caries and adherence to the proposed treatment at baseline were evaluated. A decline in OHRQoL was considered if there was an increase in the B-ECOHIS score of at least one unit. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were performed. A total of 151 preschoolers participated in the study, among whom 37.7% showed a decline in OHRQoL. Mothers’ SOC was not associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL (RR = 1.24; 95%CI = 0.81–1.88), while the incidence of severe dental caries had a greater impact on the decline in OHRQoL (RR = 2.02; 95%CI = 1.29–3.16). Mothers’ low SOC was not a predictor of decline in the OHRQoL of preschoolers after a 3-year follow-up period. (SOC healthrelated health related (OHRQoL 3year year 3 Diamantina Brazil 16 Units stage BECOHIS, BECOHIS B ECOHIS , (B-ECOHIS) SOC13. SOC13 13 . (SOC-13) SOC-1 injury malocclusion followup, followup follow up, up again evaluated unit chisquare chi square 15 377 37 7 37.7 Mothers RR 1.24 124 1 24 95CI CI 95 0.81–1.88, 081188 0.81–1.88 0 81 88 0.81–1.88) 2.02 202 2 02 1.29–3.16. 129316 1.29–3.16 29 1.29–3.16) period (B-ECOHIS SOC1 (SOC-13 SOC- 37. 1.2 12 9 08118 0.81–1.8 8 2.0 20 12931 1.29–3.1 (SOC-1 1. 0811 0.81–1. 2. 1293 1.29–3. (SOC- 081 0.81–1 129 1.29–3 08 0.81– 1.29– 0.81 1.29 0.8 0.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar as propriedades psicométricas dos questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) para a população adulta brasileira. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com base nas diretrizes Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments - COSMIN (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO CRD42022300018). Os estudos foram obtidos por meio de buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS (Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde - BIREME), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Embase. A busca foi realizada em dezembro de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos que relatavam a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos (QVRSB) para o português (Brasil) e que avaliavam as propriedades psicométricas de mensuração de instrumentos (QVRSB) em pacientes adultos. Foram excluídos aqueles sobre o desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento e com participantes menores de 18 anos. Foram coletadas informações sobre país, tipo de instrumento validado, testes psicométricos e processo de adaptação. A certeza da evidência foi avaliada usando GRADE. Resultados: A pesquisa retornou 6556 artigos, e 14 foram incluídos nesta revisão. Dois estudos não relataram o processo de adaptação transcultural. A validade de conteúdo, consistência interna, validade de critério, validade de constructo, confiabilidade, validade discriminante geral, valor alfa de Cronbach e valor geral do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram confirmadas em 12 estudos. O alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,69 a 0,96. A certeza da evidência foi considerada moderada e baixa. Esta pesquisa apresenta algumas limitações, como falta de informação em alguns estudos revisados; indisponibilidade de instrumentos brasileiros; ausência de validação longitudinal de alguns instrumentos. Conclusões: Em conclusão, existem 14 instrumentos de QVRSB adaptados para adultos brasileiros que podem ser utilizados com cautela por pesquisadores e clínicos, uma vez que apresentam moderada a baixa certeza de evidência.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to review the psychometric properties of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires for the Brazilian adult population. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the COSMIN guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42022300018). The studies were obtained through electronic searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, VHL (BIREME), SciELO, and Embase databases. Results: The search was performed in December 2022. Articles on OHRQoL that reported the cross-cultural adaptation of instruments into Portuguese (Brazil) and evaluated the psychometric properties of measuring instruments in adult patients were included. Those about the development of a novel instrument and participants under 18 years of age were excluded. Information was collected on the country, type of instrument validated, psychometric tests, and adaptation process. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEpro program. The search returned 6,556 articles, and 14 were considered for this review. However, two studies did not report the cross-cultural adaptation process. Content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reliability, general discriminant validity, Cronbach’s alpha value, and general intraclass correlation coefficient value were confirmed in 12 studies. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.96. The certainty of the evidence was considered moderate and low. This study has some limitations, such as the lack of information in some reviewed studies, the unavailability of Brazilian instruments, and absence of longitudinal validation of some instruments. Conclusions: In conclusion, there are 14 OHRQoL instruments adapted for Brazilian adults that can be used with caution by researchers and clinicians, since they presented moderate to low certainty of the evidence.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of unsatisfactory dental restorations on posterior primary teeth and associated factors in school children aged six to ten years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with children randomly selected from public schools in a small Brazilian town. Questionnaires were sent to the guardians addressing socioeconomic and behavioral aspects of the child. Oral examinations were performed at the schools to determine the quality of dental restorations, visible biofilm, and presence of moderate/extensive untreated caries (scores 3-6 ICDAS). This examination was performed by two previously trained and calibrated examiners. Associations were tested using multilevel logistic regression. Among the 400 children evaluated, 98 had restorations (217 teeth). The prevalence of unsatisfactory restorations was 34.6%. Restorations in amalgam were less likely to fail compared to those in glass ionomer cement (OR = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.02–0.49; p = 0.005). Children with moderate/extensive untreated caries were more likely to have unsatisfactory restorations (OR = 6.79; 95%CI: 2.20–20.93; p = 0.001). Children with a visible plaque index ≥ 20% were also more likely to have unsatisfactory restorations (OR = 2.28 95%CI: 1.05–4.92; p = 0.036). The prevalence of unsatisfactory restorations was high. The occurrence of this outcome was associated with restorative material, presence of caries, and visible plaque.

Abstract: This study evaluated the association between socioeconomic factors and stages of dental caries in children one to five years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 759 children enrolled in preschools in Diamantina, Brazil. The parents/caregivers filled out a form addressing socioeconomic factors. Add to the end of this sentence: and categorized in caries free (code 0 and 1), no obvious decay (code 2 and 3) and obvious decay (code 4, 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and multinomial regression. The prevalence of “no obvious decay” was higher among children from families with a larger number of income-dependent individuals (OR: 2.47; 95%CI: 1.41–4.31). The higher prevalence of “obvious decay” was associated with the child's age (OR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.16–1.58), attending a public preschool (OR: 2.38; 95%CI: 1.31–4.34), a larger number of income-dependent individuals (four to five individuals: OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.09–2.74; more than five individuals: OR: 3.41; 95%CI: 1.95–5.94), no access to a dentist (OR: 2.14; 95%CI: 1.48-3.09), and lower income (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.19–-2.49). It was concluded that the variable of a larger number of income-dependent individuals was associated with both no obvious decay and obvious decay. Child's age, type of preschool, access to a dentist, and income were associated with obvious decay.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral conditions and the impact of OHRQoL as possible risk indicators related to the incidence of untreated dental caries in preschool children two years after an initial examination. A prospective longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 288 preschool children allocated to two groups at baseline (T0): caries free (n = 144) and with untreated dental caries (n = 144). Untreated dental caries was determined through clinical examinations performed by a calibrated dentist at T0 (Kappa > 0,89) and T1 (two years after the baseline) (Kappa > 0,91) using the dmft criteria. Parents/caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) at T0 and T1. Mann-Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were used (95%CI, p < 0,05). The incidence of untreated dental caries was 41.3%. Low (RR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.18–2.26; p < 0.001) and high severity of untreated dental caries (RR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.36–2.72; p < 0.001), monthly household income less than two times the Brazilian minimum salary (RR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.04–3.25; p = 0.042) and overall B-ECOHIS score (RR = 1.03; 95%CI:1.02–1.05; p < 0.001) at T0 were risk indicators for the incidence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children. In conclusion, the incidence of untreated dental caries was high and the higher severity of untreated dental caries, the lower monthly income and the higher the B-ECOHIS score (indicating a negative impact on quality of life) were risk indicators to the developing of new lesions of untreated dental caries after 2 years.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a associação entre a duração da amamentação e a incidência de cárie grave em pré-escolares. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo de coorte com 132 pares de mães e crianças de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As crianças foram avaliadas em dois momentos: dois e três anos de idade (baseline-2013/2014) e após três anos (T1- 2016/2017). Dados socioeconómicos e relativos aos hábitos das criançasforam obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães e a presença de cárie dentária foi diagnosticada segundo o protocolo “International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS”. O desfecho foi a incidência de cárie grave (cárie em dentina - códigos ICDAS 5 e 6). Para análise dos dados empregou-se regressão hierárquica de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: crianças que amamentaram por mais de 24 meses (RR = 2,24 IC95%= 1,234,08), cujos pais viviam separados no baseline (RR = 1,73 IC95%= 1,11-2,69) e aquelas com cárie estabelecida ou grave no baseline (RR = 2, 74 IC950%= 1,37-5,49) estavam em maior risco de incidência de cárie grave após 3 anos. Conclusão: a amamentação por mais de 24 meses foi um fator de risco para a incidência de cárie dentária grave em pré-escolares. Além disso, estrutura familiar e cárie estabelecida ou grave no baseline estiveram associados.

Abstract Objectives: investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the incidence of severe caries in preschoolers. Methods: a cohort study was conducted with 132 pairs of mothers and children in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. Data collection was performed in 2 moments: when the children were between two and three years of age (baseline- 2013/2014) and after three years (T1-2016/2017). In both moments, children were evaluated for dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS) and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers addressing socioeconomic aspects and thee habits of children. The outcome evaluated was the incidence of severe caries (Dentin caries - ICDAS Codes 5 and 6). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and Poisson hierarchical regression with robust variance. Results: children who breastfed for more than 24 months (RR = 2.24 CI95%= 1.23-4.08), those whose parents were separated (RR = 1.73 CI95%= 1.11-2.69), and those with estab-lished/severe caries (RR = 2.74 CI95%= 1.37-5.49) at baseline were at greater risk of incidence of severe caries after three years. Conclusion: breastfeeding for more than 24 months is a risk factor for incidence of severe caries. In addition, family structure and established or severe baseline caries were associated.

Abstract: This study aimed to develop and validate the Malocclusion Impact Scale for Early Childhood (MIS-EC), a malocclusion-specific measure of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children aged 3-5 years and their parents/caregivers. A pool of items was analysed to identify those relevant to the assessment of the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL. Dental professionals and mothers of children with and without malocclusion rated the importance of these items. The final version of the MIS-EC was evaluated in a cross-sectional study comprising 381 parents of children aged 3–5 years to assess construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Twenty-two items were identified from item pooling. After item reduction, eight items were chosen to constitute the MIS-EC, in addition to two general questions. The MIS-EC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79 for the Child Impact section and 0.53 for the Family Impact section), and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94), floor effect was 55.7% and ceiling effect 0%. MIS-EC scores indicating worse OHRQoL were significantly associated with the presence of malocclusion (p < 0.05). The MIS-EC is reliable and valid for assessing the impact of malocclusion on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents/caregivers.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of malocclusion, nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits and dental caries in the masticatory function of preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 384 children aged 3–5 years. A single examiner calibrated for oral clinical examinations performed all the evaluations (kappa > 0.82). Presence of malocclusion was recorded using Foster and Hamilton criteria. The number of masticatory units and of posterior teeth cavitated by dental caries was also recorded. The parents answered a questionnaire in the form of an interview, addressing questions about the child’s nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits. The masticatory function was evaluated using Optocal test material, and was based on the median particle size in the masticatory performance, on the swallowing threshold, and on the number of masticatory cycles during the swallowing threshold. Data analysis involved simple and multiple linear regression analyses, and the confidence level adopted was 95%. The sample consisted of 206 children in the malocclusion group and 178 in the non-malocclusion group. In the multiple regression analysis, the masticatory performance was associated with age (p = 0.025), bottle feeding (p = 0.004), presence of malocclusion (p = 0.048) and number of cavitated posterior teeth (p = 0.030). The swallowing threshold was associated with age (p = 0.025), bottle feeding (p = 0.001) and posterior malocclusion (p = 0.017). The number of masticatory cycles during the swallowing threshold was associated with the number of cavitated posterior teeth (p = 0.001). In conclusion, posterior malocclusion, bottle feeding and dental caries may interfere in the masticatory function of preschool children.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years and their parents in Diamantina, a town in the southeast of Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 390 randomly selected children who were subjected to a clinical oral examination. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used to diagnose malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ (8–10)) was used to evaluate the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL. The children's parents answered the Brazilian Economic Criterion Questionnaire for the socioeconomic classification. Data analysis involved the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficients. The variables were grouped into a hierarchy of categories ranging from distal to proximal determinants. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed at each level to correlate the total CPQ (8–10) score with the independent variables. The prevalence of malocclusion was 78.7%. Crossbite remained significantly associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL (PR = 1.28; 95%CI:1.17–1.39; p < 0.001). The prevalence of malocclusion was high in the sample investigated and exerted a negative impact on OHRQoL.

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. Individuals with ADHD may present limitations with regard to executive functions and performing activities that involve planning and/or attention/concentration. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between dental caries and signs of ADHD in a representative sample of schoolchildren. A representative sample of 851 schoolchildren aged seven to 12 years was randomly selected from public and private schools. Data acquisition involved a clinical dental examination for cavitated permanent and deciduous teeth using the DMFT/dmft indices. Neuropsychological evaluations, including the assessment of intelligence (Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrix Test) and executive functions (Corsi Tapping Blocks tests and Digit Span test) were also performed. Parents/caregivers and teachers answered the SNAP-IV Questionnaire for the investigation of signs of inattention and hyperactivity in the family and school environment. Parents/caregivers also answered questionnaires addressing socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics. Descriptive analysis of the variables and Poisson regression with robust variance were performed. Parental reports of signs of inattention (PR: 1.28; p < 0.05) and hyperactivity (PR: 1.15; p < 0.05) were associated with a greater occurrence of caries. A better performance on the backward order of the Corsi Tapping Blocks tests (PR: 0.94; p < 0.05) and higher level of mother’s schooling were associated with a lower frequency of caries. A better performance on executive function tasks was a protective factor against dental caries, whereas children considered inattentive and/or hyperactive by their parents had a higher prevalence rate of dental caries.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to confirm the discriminant validity (obtained using traditional statistical methods) of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) between preschool children with and without caries (mean score) through an evaluation of the effect size. A systematic search of electronic databases and a manual search were performed for studies published up to December 2015 involving the use of the ECOHIS for the evaluation of the impact of dental caries on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among preschool children. Two independent raters performed the selection of the studies and data extraction. Only papers published in English and Spanish were selected. No restrictions were imposed regarding the year of publication. Twelve studies were included, and the magnitude of standardized differences between the means of the “without caries” and “with caries” groups was calculated using Cohen’s d. Most studies demonstrated a large magnitude in the difference between the groups evaluated. The estimate of the effect size confirmed the discriminant validity of the ECOHIS obtained through traditional statistics. Thus, the magnitude of the difference should be considered an important analytical tool for the confirmation of statistical findings regarding null hypotheses and demonstrates the clinical significance of these research results.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8 to 10 (CPQ8-10) and child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (child-OIDP) indexes according to their total and item scores, as well as assess the discriminative validity of these assessment tools regarding dental caries and malocclusion among schoolchildren. A sample of 300 children aged between 8 and 10 years answered the questionnaires in two distinct steps. First, half of the sample (G1 = 150) answered the CPQ8-10 and the other half (G2 = 150) answered the child-OIDP. A week after, G1 answered the child-OIDP and G2 answered the CPQ8-10. Dental Aesthetic Index and WHO criteria were used to categorize malocclusion and dental caries, respectively. Descriptive analysis, Spearman's correlation and Mann-Whitney test were performed in this study. The CPQ8-10 and child-OIDP demonstrated a statistically significant and moderate correlation between their total scores. Regarding the discriminative validity, CPQ8-10 demonstrated a significant association between the “emotional status” daily activity and dental caries, and between the “eating”, “sleeping”, and “studying” daily activities and malocclusion. Concerning the child-OIDP, a significant difference was found only between the “social contact” activity and presence of dental caries. Both instruments were not capable of distinguishing children with and without dental caries and/or malocclusion by their total scores. However, the instruments were able to discriminate between children with and without those oral disorders in different dimensions. Thus, the CPQ8-10 and the child-OIDP demonstrated a different capacity to assess the impact on OHRQoL among schoolchildren.