Abstract Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. It has a complex etiology, influenced by environmental and genetic factors. FTO has been recognized as an important genetic factor for obesity development. This study evaluated the contribution of FTO polymorphisms (rs9939609 and rs17817449) for extreme obesity in terms of the period of obesity onset, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters. The haplotype and the combined effects of FTO risk alleles on obesity susceptibility were evaluated. We investigated 169 normal-weight subjects (body mass index, BMI: 22.8 [21.0; 24.0] kg/m2) and 123 extremely obese individuals (BMI: 47.6 [44.1; 53.1] kg/m2). Genotyping was performed by real time PCR. Our results showed a strong association between FTO variants and extreme obesity. Carriers of the AT haplotype had an increased risk for extreme obesity. Gene scores suggested that the risk of developing extreme obesity was increased 1.37-fold per risk allele added. Both polymorphisms also influenced BMI and body weight. Additionally, rs17817449 influenced triglyceride levels. No effect of FTO variants on the period of obesity onset was found. In conclusion, the FTO polymorphisms showed a strong association with development of extreme phenotype of obesity and adiposity modulation in a Brazilian population.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil clínico e laboratorial de pacientes com atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) com deleção no gene da proteína sobrevivência do neurônio motor (SMN). MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo de uma série de casos confirmados pela presença da deleção no gene SMN. Determinação da freqüência da positividade dos critérios clínicos e laboratoriais revisados. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 22 casos. Em todos havia paresia simétrica, sendo a localização difusa predominante nos casos de início antes de 6 meses (75 %), enquanto nos demais havia predominância de localização proximal e/ou em membros inferiores (67 %). Fasciculações e atrofia foram freqüentes (82 %). Os exames complementares tiveram resultados variáveis, sendo a positividade da eletroneuromiografia (ENMG) de 57 % e da biopsia muscular de 58 %. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de deleção no gene SMN pode ajudar a confirmar o diagnóstico de casos indefinidos .

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical findings of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with survival motor neuron (SMN) gene deletion. METHOD: Descriptive study of SMA cases confirmed with the deletion of the SMN gene. Frequency determination of positive clinical and laboratory revised diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: All of the 22 included patients had symmetrical muscle weakness, which was diffuse in those with onset of symptoms up to 6 months of age (75 %), and either proximal or predominant in lower limbs in the remaining group (67 %). Fasciculations and atrophy were both frequent findings (82 %). Laboratory tests findings were variable, with a positivity of 57 % for electrophysiology and of 58 % for muscle biopsy. CONCLUSION: The presence of a deletion in the SMN gene can help to confirm this diagnosis in unclear presentations.