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Plants of the Annonaceae traditionally used as antimalarials: a review
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Frausin, Gina

; Lima, Renata Braga Souza

; Hidalgo, Ari de Freitas

; Maas, Paul

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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2014, Volume 36 N. spe1 Pages 315 - 337

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Espécies da família Annonaceae têm amplo uso na medicina tradicional em regiões tropicais para o tratamento da malária e de sintomas como febres, dentre outras doenças. Estudos fitoquímicos desta família têm revelado componentes químicos que podem oferecer novas alternativas para o tratamento e controle da malária. Buscas em sites de referencia cientifica (SciFinder Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, ScienceDirect e ISI Web of Science) e uma pesquisa bibliográfica na literatura por espécies da família Annonaceae utilizadas tradicionalmente para tratar a malária e febre foram realizadas. Esta família contém 2.100 espécies em 123 gêneros. Encontramos 113 registros que relatam o uso de 63 espécies de 27 gêneros utilizadas como antimaláricos e febrifugas. Mesmo que as mesmas espécies de Annonaceae sejam utilizadas por diversos grupos étnicos, frequentemente diferentes partes da planta são escolhidas para o uso e diversos métodos de preparação e de tratamento são utilizados. Os extratos etanólicos de Polyalthia debilis e Xylopia aromatica são comprovadamente bastante ativos contra Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (concentração de inibição média, IC50 < 1,5 µg/mL). Injeção intraperitoneal de extratos aquosos de Annickia chlorantha (espécie citada Enantia chlorantha) eliminou Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis cloroquino-resistente do sangue de camundongos de maneira dose-dependente. Mais perfis fitoquímicos de espécies de Annonaceae são necessários, especialmente informações sobre as substâncias antimaláricas mais comumente distribuídos nesta família.

Species of the Annonaceae family are used all over the tropics in traditional medicine in tropical regions for the treatment of malaria and other illnesses. Phytochemical studies of this family have revealed chemical components which could offer new alternatives for the treatment and control of malaria. Searches in scientific reference sites (SciFinder Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, ScienceDirect and ISI Web of Science) and a bibliographic literature search for species of Annonaceae used traditionally to treat malaria and fever were carried out. This family contains 2,100 species in 123 genera. We encountered 113 articles reporting medicinal use of one or more species of this family including 63 species in 27 genera with uses as antimalarials and febrifuges. Even though the same species of Annonaceae are used by diverse ethnic groups, different plant parts are often chosen for applications, and diverse methods of preparation and treatment are used. The ethanol extracts of Polyalthia debilis and Xylopia aromatica proved to be quite active against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (median inhibition concentration, IC50 < 1.5 µg/mL). Intraperitoneal injection of Annickia chlorantha aqueous extracts (cited as Enantia chlorantha) cleared chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis from the blood of mice in a dose-dependant manner. More phytochemical profiles of Annonaceous species are required; especially information on the more commonly distributed antimalarial compounds in this family.

9329 downloads

In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of extracts, fractions and a substance isolated from the Amazonian plant Tachia grandiflora (Gentianaceae)
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Silva, Luiz Francisco Rocha e

; Lima, Emerson Silva

; Vasconcellos, Marne Carvalho de

; Aranha, Ellen Suzany Pereira

; Costa, David Siqueira

; Mustafa, Elba Vieira

; Morais, Sabrina Kelly Reis de

; Alecrim, Maria das Gracas Costa

; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshi

; Struwe, Lena

; Andrade-Neto, Valter Ferreira de

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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jun 2013, Volume 108 N. 4 Pages 501 - 507

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Tachia sp. are used as antimalarials in the Amazon Region and in vivo antimalarial activity of a Tachia sp. has been previously reported. Tachia grandiflora Maguire and Weaver is an Amazonian antimalarial plant and herein its cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity were investigated. Spectral analysis of the tetraoxygenated xanthone decussatin and the iridoid aglyone amplexine isolated, respectively, from the chloroform fractions of root methanol and leaf ethanol extracts was performed. In vitro inhibition of the growth of Plasmodium falciparum Welch was evaluated using optical microscopy on blood smears. Crude extracts of leaves and roots were inactive in vitro. However, chloroform fractions of the root and leaf extracts [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 10.5 and 35.8 µg/mL, respectively] and amplexine (IC50= 7.1 µg/mL) were active in vitro. Extracts and fractions were not toxic to type MRC-5 human fibroblasts (IC50> 50 µg/mL). Water extracts of the roots of T. grandiflora administered by mouth were the most active extracts in the Peters 4-day suppression test in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. At 500 mg/kg/day, these extracts exhibited 45-59% inhibition five to seven days after infection. T. grandiflora infusions, fractions and isolated substance have potential as antimalarials.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762013000400017 3041 downloads

In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Welch field isolates to infusions prepared from Artemisia annua L. cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon
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Silva, Luiz Francisco Rocha e

; Magalhães, Pedro Melillo de

; Costa, Mônica Regina Farias

; Alecrim, Maria das Graças Costa

; Chaves, Francisco Célio Maia

; Hidalgo, Ari de Freitas

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

; Vieira, Pedro Paulo Ribeiro

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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nov 2012, Volume 107 N. 7 Pages 859 - 866

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Artemisinin is the active antimalarial compound obtained from the leaves of Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin, and its semi-synthetic derivatives, are the main drugs used to treat multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (one of the human malaria parasite species). The in vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum K1 and 3d7 strains and field isolates from the state of Amazonas, Brazil, to A. annua infusions (5 g dry leaves in 1 L of boiling water) and the drug standards chloroquine, quinine and artemisinin were evaluated. The A. annua used was cultivated in three Amazon ecosystems (várzea, terra preta de índio and terra firme) and in the city of Paulínia, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Artemisinin levels in the A. annua leaves used were 0.90-1.13% (m/m). The concentration of artemisinin in the infusions was 40-46 mg/L. Field P. falciparum isolates were resistant to chloroquine and sensitive to quinine and artemisinin. The average 50% inhibition concentration values for A. annua infusions against field isolates were 0.11-0.14 μL/mL (these infusions exhibited artemisinin concentrations of 4.7-5.6 ng/mL) and were active in vitro against P. falciparum due to their artemisinin concentration. No synergistic effect was observed for artemisinin in the infusions.

2691 downloads

Constituintes químicos dos galhos de Simaba guianensis subesp. ecaudata (Cronquist)
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Nunomura, Rita de Cássia Saraiva

; Pinto, Angelo C.

; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshi

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

; Amaral, Ana Cláudia Fernandes

Química Nova

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2012, Volume 35 N. 11 Pages 2153 - 2158

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Simaba guianensis subesp. ecaudata (Simaroubaceae) is a tree found in the Brazilian Amazon. This work describes for the first time the fractionation of stems of this species that resulted in the isolation of the cytotoxic triterpene piscidinol A, the alkaloid 9-methoxycanthin-6-one, caryophyllene oxide, also isolated for the first time from this species and a new alkaloid (6-methoxy-(9H-β-carbolin-1-il)-(Z)-2-propenoic acid). Quantification of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one in different extracts and fractions of stems of S. guianensis by high performance liquid chromatography was also performed. The concentration of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one in methanolic and aqueous extracts were inferior to the known cytotoxic concentration of this compound.

2034 downloads

Alcaloides indólicos de cascas de Aspidosperma vargasii e A. desmanthum
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Henrique, Marycleuma Campos

; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshi

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Química Nova

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2010, Volume 33 N. 2 Pages 284 - 287

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Fractionation of extracts resulted in isolation and identification of indole alkaloids ellipticine and N-methyltetrahydroellipticine from A. vargasii and aspidocarpine from A. desmanthum. Identification of these compounds was achieved based on IR, MS, ¹H, 13C and 2-D NMR data and comparison to data in the literature.

4927 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts and exudates of the Amazonian medicinal tree Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson (common name: sucuba)
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Sequeira, Bianca Jorge

; Vital, Marcos Jose Salgado

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

; Pararols, Isabel Costa

; Caúper, Glaucia Socorro Barros

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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jul 2009, Volume 104 N. 4 Pages 659 - 661

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson is a tree found in the northern Amazon savannahs (common name: sucuba) that is used in local Amerindian medicine. Leaf, bark and branch wood methanol extracts, sequentially obtained hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and latex were evaluated for antifungal and antibacterial activities against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and local clinical strains using the disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts and latex inhibited Candida albicans, leaf methanol extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and bark methanol extracts inhibited B. subtilis. Active extracts inhibited the ATCC and clinical strains. Polar antifungal and antibacterial principles in latex and extracts are thought to be responsible for the inhibition.

4196 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

Gram-scale isolation of isobrucein B and neosergeolide from Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f.
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Silva, Ellen Cristina Costa da

; Amorim, Rodrigo César das Neves

; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Acta Amazonica

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mar 2009, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 229 - 231

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os quassinóides neosergeolida e isobruceína B, obtidos de Picrolemma sprucei, possuem atividades antitumoral, antimalárica, anti-helmíntica, citotóxica, inseticida e anti-leishmania comprovadas em estudos in vitro. Há interesse no estudo farmacológico in vivo dessas substâncias naturais e de seus derivados semi-sintéticos, porém a quantidade obtida nos processos de extração tem se mostrado um fator limitante à continuação desses estudos. No presente trabalho, descrevemos um método para obtenção de gramas desses quassinóides cuja purificação depende apenas de cristalização fracionada.

Quassinoids neosergeolide and isobrucein B, obtained from Picrolemma sprucei, have proven in vitro antitumor, antimalarial, anthelminthic, cytotoxic, insecticide and leishmanicidal activities. There is interest in the in vivo pharmacological study of these natural compounds and their semi-synthetic derivatives, however, the quantities obtained in previous extraction processes have been shown to be a limiting factor for continuation of these studies. Herein, we describe a method for obtaining grams of these quassinoids whose purification relies only on recrystallization.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672009000100026 2455 downloads

In vitro screening of Amazonian plants for hemolytic activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation in human blood
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Oliveira, Viviana Maria Araújo de

; Carneiro, Ana Lucia Basilio

; Cauper, Glaucia Socorro de Barros

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Acta Amazonica

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2009, Volume 39 N. 4 Pages 973 - 980

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

No presente estudo, partes aéreas obtidas de doze (12) espécies vegetais da Amazônia encontradas na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (localizada na cidade de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia foram coletadas, secadas e moídas. Porções dos materiais vegetais em pó foram extraídas com água (por infusão), metanol e clorofórmio (por extração líquido-sólido contínua) e os solventes foram removidos por evaporação rotatória e finalmente liofilização, forneceram um total de setenta e one (71) extratos liofilizados. Esses extratos foram avaliados inicialmente para atividade hemolítica in vitro e atividade inibitória da agregação plaquetária em sangue humano in vitro em concentrações de 500 e 100 µg/mL, respectivamente. Dezesseis (16) extratos (23 % dos extratos testados, 42 % das espécies vegetais) representando as seguintes plantas, apresentaram inibição significativa frente a agregação de plaquetas humanas in vitro: Chaunochiton kappleri (Olacaceae), Diclinanona calycina (Annonaceae), Paypayrola grandiflora (Violaceae), Pleurisanthes parviflora (Icacinaceae), Sarcaulus brasiliensis (Sapotaceae). Como principal resultado, um grupo de extratos apresentando atividade inibitória da agregação plaquetária e em que não há atividade hemolítica in vitro foi identificado. Três (3) extratos (4 % do total de extratos testados), todos obtidos a partir de Elaeoluma nuda (Sapotaceae), apresentaram atividade hemolítica. Nenhuma das espécies vegetais nesse estudo tem uso medicinal conhecido. Assim, esses dados servem de linha base ou mínimas das atividades antiplaquetária e hemolítica (e utilidade potencial) de plantas da floresta Amazônica. Finalmente, em geral, esses dados são os primeiros disponíveis sobre ação hemolítica e inibição da agregação plaquetária dos gêneros representados por essas espécies de plantas.

In the present study, different aerial parts from twelve Amazonian plant species found in the National Institute for Amazon Research's (INPA's) Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) were collected. Separate portions of dried, ground plant materials were extracted with water (by infusion), methanol and chloroform (by continuous liquid-solid extraction) and solvents were removed first by rotary evaporation, and finally by freeze-drying which yielded a total of seventy-one freeze-dried extracts for evaluation. These extracts were evaluated initially at concentrations of 500 and 100 µg/mL for in vitro hemolytic activity and in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation in human blood, respectively. Sixteen extracts (23 % of all extracts tested, 42 % of all plant species), representing the following plants: Chaunochiton kappleri (Olacaceae), Diclinanona calycina (Annonaceae), Paypayrola grandiflora (Violaceae), Pleurisanthes parviflora (Icacinaceae), Sarcaulus brasiliensis (Sapotaceae), exhibited significant inhibitory activity towards human platelet aggregation. A group of extracts with antiplatelet aggregation activity having no in vitro hemolytic activity has therefore been identified. Three extracts (4 %), all derived from Elaeoluma nuda (Sapotaceae), exhibited hemolytic activity. None of the plant species in this study has known use in traditional medicine. So, these data serve as a baseline or minimum of antiplatelet and hemolytic activities (and potential usefulness) of non-medicinal plants from the Amazon forest. Finally, in general, these are the first data on hemolytic and inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation for the genera which these plant species represent.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672009000400026 8305 downloads

Screening of Amazonian plants from the Adolpho Ducke forest reserve, Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil, for antimicrobial activity
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Carneiro, Ana Lúcia Basílio

; Teixeira, Maria Francisca Simas

; Oliveira, Viviana Maria Araújo de

; Fernandes, Ormezinda Celeste Cristo

; Cauper, Gláucia Socorro de Barros

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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feb 2008, Volume 103 N. 1 Pages 31 - 38

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Tropical forests are species-rich reserves for the discovery and development of antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of Amazon plants found within the National Institute on Amazon Research's Adolpho Ducke forest reserve, located in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil. 75 methanol, chloroform and water extracts representing 12 plant species were tested for antimicrobial activity towards strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using the gel-diffusion method. Active extracts were further evaluated to establish minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and antimicrobial profiles using bioautography on normal-phase thin-layer chromatography plates. Diclinanona calycina presented extracts with good antimicrobial activity and S. oralis and M. smegmatis were the most sensitive bacteria. D. calycina and Lacmellea gracilis presented extracts with the lowest MIC (48.8 µg/ml). D. calycina methanol and chloroform leaf extracts presented the best overall antimicrobial activity. All test organisms were sensitive to D. calycina branch chloroform extract in the bioautography assay. This is the first evaluation of the biological activity of these plant species and significant in vitro antimicrobial activity was detected in extracts and components from two species, D. calycina and L. gracilis.

3000 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

10.

Bioactive dihydroxyfuranonaphthoquinones from the bark of Tabebuia incana A.H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae) and HPLC analysis of commercial pau d'arco and certified T.incana bark infusions
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Morais, Sabrina Kelly Reis de

; Silva, Suniá Gomes

; Portela, Cíntia Nicácio

; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshi

; Quignard, Etienne Louis Jacques

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Acta Amazonica

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2007, Volume 37 N. 1 Pages 99 - 102

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Tabebuia incana A.H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae) é uma árvore da Amazônia brasileira com usos medicinais. É uma de várias espécies de Tabebuia conhecidas como pau d'arco ou palo de arco nesta região. O fracionamento do extrato etanólico das cascas resultou no isolamento da mistura de 5 e 8-hidróxi-2-(1-hidroxietil)nafto[2,3-b]furano-4,9-dionas (1 e 2, respectivamente), identificadas com base em seus espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), infravermelho (IV) e massa (EM), e cujas atividades antimalárica e antitumoral in vitro foram mostradas previamente. Este é o primeiro estudo das cascas de T. incana e a primeira vez que o composto 2 é descrito nesta espécie. Análises por cromatografia liquida de alto empenho (CLAE) do chá das cascas de T. incana revelaram a presença de um pico correspondente à mistura de 1 + 2, permitindo inferir uma concentração na faixa de 10-6-10-5 M desses componentes no chá. Os cromatogramas de chás (infusões) preparados a partir das cascas de pau d' arco commercial and T. incana certificada também foram estudados. A verficação da presença do pico das substâncias 1 + 2 nos cromatogramas tem potencial contribuição para o controle de qualidade de material vegetal comercial.

Tabebuia incana A.H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae) is a tree from the Brazilian Amazon having medicinal uses and is one several Tabebuia spp. known as pau d'arco or palo de arco in this region. Fractionation of the bark ethanolic extract afforded a mixture of 5 and 8-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-diones (1 and 2, respectively) identified on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and mass (MS) spectra, whose in vitro antimalarial and antitumor activity have been shown previously. This is the first study on T. incana bark, and 2 are described in this species for the first time. Also, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of T. incana bark tea revealed the presence of the 1 + 2 mixture peak corresponding to a concentration in the range 10-6-10-5 M. The chromatograms of teas prepared from commercial pau d' arco and T. incana bark were also studied and the presence of the 1 + 2 peak has potential for quality control of commercial plant materials.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672007000100011 4188 downloads

11.

Antioxidant, cytotoxic and UVB-absorbing activity of Maytenus guyanensis Klotzch. (Celastraceae) bark extracts
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Macari, Patrícia de Almeida Telles

; Portela, Cíntia Nicácio

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Acta Amazonica

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dec 2006, Volume 36 N. 4 Pages 513 - 518

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Maytenus guyanensisKlotzch. é uma árvore medicinal proveniente da Amazônia conhecida comochichuá (xixuá)e no Peru e Colombia porchuchuhuasi. É utilizada medicinalmente como estimulante, tônico e relaxante muscular, para o alívio de artrite, reumatismo, hemorróidas, rim inchado, erupções de pele, prevenção do câncer de pele, entre outros. Vários solventes e métodos de extração foram aplicados a cascas secas pulverizadas, possibilitando a preparação de extratos que apresentam letalidade às larvas de Artemia franciscana Leach, bem como atividade antioxidante em testesin vitrobaseados em 2,2,-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Análise das frações provenientes de extrações em série por solventes de polaridade crescente levou à conclusão que atividades antioxidante e citotóxica estão associadas a compostos de polaridade baixa e média. A variação do tempo e outras condições de extração revelou que extração continua a quente forneceu bons rendimentos de extrato de casca em poucas horas. Extração a quente também forneceu extratos etanólicos apresentando maior citotoxicidade para A. franciscanae atividade antioxidante (comparado ao flavonóide rutina em métodos semi-quantitativos baseados em DPPH) quando comparado com extrato etanólico obtido da maceração a temperatura ambiente. Extratos etanólicos liofilizados foram preparados através de maceração e extração a quente (oito horas) em escalas de centenas de gramas sendo que o extrato obtido a quente apresentou efeito protetor solar parcial na região da luz UVB. É o primeiro trabalho que demonstra a citotoxicidade, efeito antioxidante e potencial atividade de proteção solar de M. guyanensis.

Maytenus guyanensis Klotzch. is an Amazonian medicinal tree species known in Brazil by the common name chichuá and in Peru and Colombia by the name chuchuhuasi. It is used in traditional medicine as stimulant, tonic, and muscle relaxant, for the relief of arthritis, rheumatism, hemorrhoids, swollen kidney, skin eruptions, and skin cancer prevention, among others. Initially, different extraction solvents and methods were applied to dried, ground bark which made possible the preparation of extracts having both significant lethality to brine shrimp larvae (Artemia franciscana Leach) as well as antioxidant activity in vitro based on tests involving reactions with 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Analysis of fractions from serial extractions with solvents of increasing polarity supports the notion that antioxidant activity is associated with compounds of intermediate polarity and cytotoxicity is associated with compounds of low to intermediate polarity. Variation of extraction time and conditions revealed that hot, continuous ethanol extraction provided good yields of bark extract in several hours. Hot extraction also provided ethanol extracts having greater lethality to brine shrimp and antioxidant activity (compared to the flavonoid rutin in semi-quantitative methods based on DPPH) than extracts obtained from maceration at room temperature. Freeze-dried ethanol extracts were prepared by: 1) maceration at room temperature and 2) hot extraction (eight hours) on several hundred gram scales and the latter extract was shown to have partial screening effects on UVB light. In this work, cytotoxic, antioxidant and potential sun-screening activity are shown for the first time in M. guyanensis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000400012 4344 downloads

12.

Triterpenos e alcalóide tipo cantinona dos galhos de Simaba polyphylla (Cavalcante) W.W. Thomas (Simaroubaceae)
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Saraiva, Rita de Cássia Guedes

; Pinto, Angelo C.

; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshi

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Química Nova

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apr 2006, Volume 29 N. 2 Pages 264 - 268

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Simaba polyphylla is a small tree found in the Amazon region, known by the common names "marupazinho" or "serve para tudo". It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fevers. This work describes the phytochemical study of the hexane extract and chloroform fraction obtained by partitioning the methanol extract of stems, which led to isolation and identification of the triterpenes niloticin, dyhidroniloticin, taraxerone and of the cytotoxic alkaloid 9-methoxy-canthin-6-one. These compounds are described for the first time in S. polyphylla.

3073 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

In vitro studies of the anthelmintic activity of Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f. (Simaroubaceae)
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Nunomura, Rita de Cássia Saraiva

; Silva, Ellen Cristina Costa da

; Oliveira, Denilson Ferreira

; Garcia, Adriana Mello

; Boeloni, Jankerle Neves

; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshi

; Pohlit, Adrian Martin

Acta Amazonica

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2006, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 327 - 330

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Na concentração de 1300 ppm (1.3 g / L), extratos aquosos e etanólicos preparados a partir dos caules ou raízes de Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f. apresentaram letalidade (85-90 % de mortalidade) in vitro para Haemonchus contortus, um nematóide parasítico do aparelho gastrointestinal de ruminantes domesticos e silvestres. Neosergeolida e isobruceina B foram isoladas dos caules em rendimentos de 0.0083 and 0.0070 %, respectivamente. Essas últimas e a droga anti-helmíntica levamisole provocaram mortalidade semelhante in vitro (68-77 %) em H. contortus em concentrações semelhantes (81-86 ppm). A atividade anti-helmíntica in vitro de infusões e extratos alcoólicos dos caules, bem como da neosergeolida e isobruceina B isoladas de P. sprucei, foi demonstrada pela primeira vez.

1300 ppm (1.3 g / L), water and ethanol extracts prepared from stems or roots of Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f. were lethal (85-90 % mortality) in vitro to Haemonchus contortus (Barber Pole Worm) larvae, a gastrointestinal nematode parasite found in domestic and wild ruminants. Neosergeolide and isobrucein B were isolated in 0.0083 and 0.0070 % yield from dry, ground P. sprucei stems (0.89 kg). Neosergeolide, isobrucein B and the anthelmintic drug standard levamisole all caused comparable mortality rates (68-77 %) in vitro to H. contortus at similar concentrations (81-86 ppm). The anthelmintic activity of P. sprucei infusions (teas), alcohol extracts, and neosergeolide and isobrucein B, has therefore been demonstrated for the first time.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000300006 2607 downloads

14.

Screening of plants found in the State of Amazonas, Brazil for activity against Aedes aegypti larvae
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Pohlit, Adrian Martin

; Quinard, Etienne Louis Jacques

; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshi

; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro

; Hidalgo, Ari de Freitas

; Pinto, Ana Cristina da Silva

; Santos, Elba Vieira Mustafa dos

; Morais, Sabrina Kelly Reis de

; Saraiva, Rita De Cássia Guedes

; Ming, Lin Chau

; Alecrim, Alexandre Mascarenhas

; Ferraz, Alfeu de Barros

; Pedroso, Andreza Cristiana da Silva

; Diniz, Elisangela Vieira

; Finney, Ellen Kathryn

; Gomes, Erika de Oliveira

; Dias, Hercules Bezerra

; Souza, Katiuscia dos Santos de

; Oliveira, Laura Cristina Pereira de

; Don, Luciana de Castro

; Queiroz, Maria Mireide Andrade

; Henrique, Marycleuma Campos

; Santos, Mirian dos

; Lacerda Júnior, Orivaldo da Silva

; Pinto, Patrícia de Souza

; Silva, Suniá Gomes

; Graça, Yara Rodrigues

Acta Amazonica

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2004, Volume 34 N. 1 Pages 97 - 105

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Extratos aquosos, etanólicos e metanólicos, representando principalmente espécies vegetais nativas encontradas na região Amazônica, foram preparados, respectivamente, por infusão, maceração e extração contínua líquido-sólido, seguida de evaporação e liofilização. Os extratos liofilizados foram testados para atividade contra larvas de Aedes aegypti, na concentração única de 500 mg / mL. Os extratos metanólicos foram, em geral, os que apresentaram maior atividade larvicida. Os seguintes 7 extratos metanólicos das (partes das) espécies vegetais indicadas foram os mais ativos, provocando 100% de mortalidade em larvas de A. aegypti: Tapura amazonica Poepp. (raiz), Piper aduncum L. (folha e raiz), P. tuberculatum Jacq. (folha, fruto e galho) e Simaba polyphylla (Cavalcante) W.W. Thomas (galho).

Ethanol, methanol and water extracts representing mostly native plant species found in the Amazon region were prepared, respectively, by maceration, continuous liquid-solid extraction and infusion, followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. The freeze-dried extracts were tested for lethality toward Aedes aegypti larvae at test concentrations of 500 mg / mL. In general, methanol extracts exhibited the greatest larvicidal activity. The following 7 methanol extracts of (the parts of) the indicated plant species were the most active, resulting in 100% mortality in A. aegypti larvae: Tapura amazonica Poepp. (root), Piper aduncum L. (leaf and root), P. tuberculatum Jacq. (leaf, fruit and branch). and Simaba polyphylla (Cavalcante) W.W. Thomas (branch).

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672004000100012 6700 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

15.

Anatomia Foliar e Caulinar de Picrolemma sprucei Hook (Simaroubaceae)
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SARAIVA, Rita de Cássia Guedes

; BARRETO, Alaide de Sá

; SIANI, Antônio Carlos

; FERREIRA, José Luiz Pinto

; ARAUJO, Renata Bastos de

; NUNOMURA, Sergio Massayoshi

; POHLIT, Adrian Martin

Acta Amazonica

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jun 2003, Volume 33 N. 2 Pages 213 - 220

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os estudos anatômicos das folhas e caules de Picrolemma sprucei revelaram que as epidermes das folhas são glabras, apresentam células de paredes onduladas e estômatos anomocíticos. O mesofilo é dorsiventral com uma camada de células em paliçada e um parênquima lacunoso. Os feixes vasculares são bicolaterais e apresentam idioblastos escuros de conteúdo tânico. No caule evidencia-se um parênquima cortical desenvolvido, com células de natureza esclerenquimática, isoladas ou reunidas em pequenos grupos, de paredes espessas. Internamente observa-se a região vascular com vasos xilemáticos isolados ou em grupos imersos em tecido fibroso, sendo o parênquima do tipo paratraqueal, vasicêntrico. Na região central encontra-se uma medula desenvolvida. Testes histoquímicos (sudam III e cloreto férrico) realizados na nervura mediana do terço médio do limbo foliar e no pecíolo revelaram respectivamente, a presença de um conteúdo tânico e óleo-resinoso em algumas de suas células.

Anatomical studies of the leaves and stems of Picrolemma sprucei revealed that the epidermes of the leaves are glabrous, with undulating cell walls and anomocytic stomata. The mesophyll is dorsiventral with a layer of cells in palisade and a spongy parenchyma. The vascular bundles are bicollateral and have a dark tannin containing idioblast. The stem possesses a developed cortical parenchyma with schlerenchymatous thick walled cells. These are either isolated or gathered in small groups. Internally the vascular region exhibits xylematic vessels some isolated and some in groups submerged in fibrous tissue. The stem possesses a paratracheal, vasicentric parenchyma with central pith. Histochemical tests (sudan III and ferric chloride) made on the central section of the midrib and on the petiole showed the presence, respectively, of tannin or oleoresin in some cells.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392200332220 1537 downloads

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