This report deals with the identification of one hundred and seventy-one samples of nematodes recovered from Brazilian birds collected by Lauro Travassos and his staff, between 1921-1960. Aprocta travassossi Caballero, 1938, Aprocta sp., Baruscapillaria appendiculata (Freitas, 1933) Moravec, 1982, Contracaecum plagiaticium Lent & Freitas, 1948, C. spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809) Railliet & Henry, 1912, Contracaecum sp., Cyrnea (C.) semilunaris (Molin, 1860) Seurat, 1914, Oxyspirura sp., Paronchocerca ibanezi (Freitas, Vicente & Pinto, 1970) Anderson &. Bain, 1976, Porrocaecum sp., Procyrnea sp., Skrjabinura spiralis Gnédina, 1933, Subulura acutissima Molin, 1860, S. bentocruzi Barreto, 1919, S. travassossi Barreto, 1919, Subulura sp. and Tetrameres sp. were studied. Contracaecum spiculigerum and Aprocta travassossi are redescribed and referred for the first time in South America. New host records were established for most of the species.

Skin to lung migration of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 - (75 Se) - selenomethionine-labeled cercariae was tracked by tissue autoradiography on days 1, 4, 6, 8 after challenge, in rabbits immunized with a S. mansoni derived saline extract. Either in vaccinated animals or in those of the control unprimed group, the peak of skin schistosomula occurs 24hs after infection. Comparison between peaks of lungs migrating larvae showed that, in control animals, the increase of worm burden in this site, is detected on the 6th day post-infection, differing from immunized rabbits, in which this peak occurs on day 4, when skin and lungs counts are still equivalent, decreasing gradually, showing a different pattern of the S. mansoni migration and suggesting that main parasite attrition occurs during the late skin and early lung phases in the immunized group.

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) elongatus (Tornquist, 1931) Petter, 1974 and Cucullanus pulcherrimus Barreto, 1918, from Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steind., 1875) are redescribed and two specimens of Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sp. are also reported in this host, despite lack of previously, was again identified in Brazil since its original description and posterior illustration. The present findings represent also a new host record for the referred genera: Dichelyne Jagerskiold, 1902 and Cucullanus Mueller, 1777. D. (C.) elongatus is also referred in Brazil for the first time.

Spirura delicata sp. n. from Leontocebus mystax (Six) is proposed and compared to S. guianensis (Ortlepp, 1924) Chitwood, 1938, S. michiganensis Sandground, 1935 and S. nayarani Mirza & Basir, 1938. Their differentiation is based mainly on the size and shape of spicules. Identification of nematode samples recovered from primates along 60 years and presently deposited in the Oswaldo Cruz Helmintological Collection is provided herein through a check list. Some of them are reported in new hsots and/or geographical regions.

The species Ascaridia columbae (Gmelin, 1790) Travassos, 1913, Acuaria mayori Lent, Freitas & Proença, 1945 and Aproctella stoddardi Cram, 1931, are redescribed and referred in new hosts. Acuaria mayori is reported for the first time in Brazil and Ap. stoddardi in South America. Ascaridia columbae is properly figured for the first time in Brazil.

The migration of larval Schistosoma mansoni was tracked by means of autoradiographic analysis in naive rabbits percutaneously exposed to L-(**75 Se) selenomethionine-labeled cercariae on serial intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 days post-infection. Autoradiographic foci were detected from the 1st day in the skin, up to the 15th day in the liver. Adult and mature worms were recovered either paired or not 60 days after infection, by perfusion of hepatic and mesenteric veins. Morphometric analysis under optical microscopy, showed that worms were within regular dimention limits as compared to adult worms harboured by other host species. These observations extend previous informations on the S. mansoni-rabbit association and clearly demonstrate the post-liver phase of S.mansoni life-cycle in this host.

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) elongatus (Tornquist, 1931) Petter, 1974, da Venezuela, da qual D.(C.) amaurincai (Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1969) Petter, 1974 é proposta como sinônimo junior, é descrita, e são feitos comentários sobre a atual situação das outras espécies do mesmo grupo, ocorrendo na América do Sul, a saber: D.(C.) dichelyneformes (Szidat, 1950) Petter, 1974, D.(C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio & Noronha, 1971) Petter, 1974 e D.(C.) travassosi (Guimarães & Cristofaro, 1974). Dollfusentis chandleri Golvan, 1969 (Acantochephala, Illiosentidae), Poecilancistrium cariophyllum (Diesing, 1850) (Cestoidea, Otobothriidae) e Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) (Cestoidea, Dayrhynchidae) bem como formas larvares de Exhinocephalus sp. (Nematoda, Gnathostomatidae) e Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) são também assinaladas.

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) elongatus (Tomquist, 1931) Petter, 1974, from Venezuela, of which D.(C.) amaurincai (Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1969) Petter, 1974 is proposed as a junior synonym, is redescribed and comments on the present status of the remaining species under the group, namely D.(C.) dichelyneformes (Szidat, 1950) Petter, 1974, D.(C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio & Noronha, 1970) Petter, 1974 and D.(C.) travassosi (Guimarães & Cristofaro, 1974), occuring in South America are made. Dollfusentis chandleri Golvan, 1969 (Acanthocephala, Illiosentidae), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (Diesing, 1850)(Cestoidea, Otobothriidae) and Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819)(Cestoidea, Dasyrhynchidae) as well as larval forms of Echinocephalus sp. (Nematoda, Gnathostomatidae) and Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) are also reported.

Oncophora melanocephala, um nematóide camalanídeo de instestino delgado de Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829, é redescrito da Costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e esta ocorrência representa um novo hospedeiro para a espécie.

Oncophora melanocephala, a camallanid nematode from the small intestine of Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829 is redescribed from the Coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil and this occurrence represents a new host record for the species

Gorgorhynchus trachinotus coletada em instestino de Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896 é proposta como uma espécie nova, e para Dollfusentis chandleri golvan, 1969 são assinalados três novos hospedeiros.

Gorgorhynchus trachinotus recovered from the intestine of trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896 is proposed as a new species and three new host records are reported for Dollfusentis chandleri Golvan, 1969.

São apresentados na presente nota, novos dados morfológicos sobre o acetábulo de Opecoeloides pedicathedrae com dez estruturas papiliformes ao invés de seis previamente descritas, figuras originais e medidas.

New morphological data on the ventral sucker of Opecoeloides pedicathedrae with ten papilliform processes, original figures and measurementes, are reported.

Durante recentes estudos dos parasitas de aves capturadas na Região Amazônica, foram identificadas as seguintes espécies de nematóides: Hoazinstrongylus amazonensis n.gen.n.sp, de Opisthocomus hoazin (Muller, 1776), Ascaridia columbae (Gmel., 1790) Travassos, 1912, de Leptotila r. rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard, 1712) que se constitui em um novo hospedeiro para a espécie, Inglisakis ibanezi Freitas, Vicente & Santos, 1969, Cyrnea (C.) semilunaris (Molin, 1860) Seurat, 1914 e Thelazia digitata Travassos, 1918.

During recent studies of the parasites of birds from the Amazonian Regio, the following nematodes were recovered: Hoazinstrongylus amazonensis n.gen.n.sp. from Opisthocomus hoazin (Muller, 1776); Ascaridia columbae (Gmel., 1790) Travassos, 1913, from Leptotila r. rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard, 1712) representing a new host record; Inglisakis ibanezi Freitas, Vicente & Santos, 1969, Cyrnea (C.) semilunaris (Molin, 1860) Seurat, 1914 and Thelazia digitata Travassos, 1918. A compelte description is restrained to the new genus and new species here proposed. The other known and well described species are listed and accounted.

Ascarophis brasiliensis coletada do estômago de Trachinotus carolinus (L., 1766), é proposta como espécie nova e Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pereirai Annereaux., 1946 é redescrita de um novo hospedeiro: Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steind., 1875). A. brasiliensis mais se aproxima de A. crassicolis Dollfus & Campana-rouget, 1956, da qual se difere, principalmente, pela ausência da expansão cuticular cervical e tamanho dos ovos. A nova espécie é também comparada a A. cooperi Johnston & Mawson, 1945 e A. girellae (Yamaguti, 1935) Campana-rouget, 1955, quando a validade de tal proposição é discutida.

Ascarophis brasiliensis recovered from the stomach of Trachinotus carolinus (L. 1766), is proposed as a new species and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pereirai Annereaux, 1946 is redescribed from a new host: Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steind., 1875). A. brasiliensis is more closely related to A. crassicolis Dollfus & Campana-Rouget, 1956, from which it differs mainly by the absence of cervical cuticular expansion and size of the eggs. The new species is also compared to A. cooperi johnston & Mawson, 1945 and A. girellae (Yamaguti, 1935) Campana-rouget, 1955. The validity of the proposed species is discussed.

Vinte espécies do gênero Diplotriaena Henry & Ozoux, 1909 que ocorrem no Brasil, foram estudadas. A taxonomia desse grupo de nematódeos parasitos de aves é baseada na forma e tamanho dos tridentes e espículos. Para todas as espécies forma registradas suas dimensões, hospedeiros e distribuição regional, através de tabelas comparativas. Comentários a respeito de algumas espécies foram feitos, de modo a fornecer dados adicionais. É também apersentada uma chave para a determinação das espécies.

Twenty species of Diplotriaena Henry & Ozoux, 1909 that occur in Brazil were studied. The tasonomy of this group of nematode recovered from birds is based mainly on the shape and size of tridents and spicules. For all the species were resistered their dimentions, hosts and regional distribution, condensed in comparative tables. Comments on some of the species were made in order to provide complementary data. A key to Brazilian Diplotriaena is also given.