ABSTRACT Spathodea campanulata Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) is a plant frequently employed in the ornamentation of public squares and gardens, attributed to its rapid growth and showy flowers. However, its use is controversial due to the potentially toxic nectar, which can lead to significant mortality rates among various stingless bee species in Brazil, posing a risk to native biodiversity and disrupting natural ecosystems. The aim of this study was to quantify and identify the species of stingless bees found dead within the flowers of the Spathodea campanulata plant. This investigation was conducted at the Ondina Campus of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil. Over a 15-day flowering period, 86 flowers from three specimens of this species were collected. After flower collection, the dead insects found within the flowers were extracted, stored, and identified at the Laboratory of Insect Bionomics, Biogeography, and Systematics (BIOSIS) at UFBA. The analysis revealed that all floral visitors were Hymenoptera insects, with 98.1% identified as bees (Apidae and Meliponini). In conclusion, S. campanulataflowers contain toxic compounds with insecticidal properties, leading to increased mortality among certain Melipona bee species. Melipona scutellaris and Apis mellifera bees are occasional visitors of the S. campanulata flowers; hence the lower mortality rates of these species. Given the damage caused by S. campanulata on native biodiversity, it is advised to avoid cultivating it in public squares, gardens, or in proximity to bee hives. Beauv Bignoniaceae (Bignoniaceae gardens However nectar Brazil ecosystems UFBA, UFBA , (UFBA) 15day day 15 period 8 collected collection extracted stored Bionomics Biogeography BIOSIS (BIOSIS 981 98 1 98.1 Apidae Meliponini. Meliponini . Meliponini) conclusion S properties hives (UFBA 9 98.

RESUMO Spathodea campanulata Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) é uma planta frequentemente utilizada na ornamentação de praças públicas e jardins, atribuída ao seu rápido crescimento e flores vistosas. No entanto, seu uso é controverso devido ao néctar potencialmente tóxico, que pode levar a taxas significativas de mortalidade entre várias espécies de abelhas sem ferrão no Brasil, representando um risco para a biodiversidade nativa e interrompendo os ecossistemas naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e identificar as espécies de abelhas sem ferrão encontradas mortas dentro das flores da planta Spathodea campanulata. Esta investigação foi conduzida no Campus de Ondina da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Brasil. Durante um período de floração de 15 dias, foram coletadas 86 flores de três espécimes desta espécie. Após a coleta das flores, os insetos mortos encontrados dentro delas foram extraídos, armazenados e identificados no Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS) da UFBA. A análise revelou que todos os visitantes florais eram insetos Hymenoptera, com 98,1% identificados como abelhas (Apidae e Meliponini). Em conclusão, as flores de S. campanulata contêm compostos tóxicos com propriedades inseticidas, levando a um aumento da mortalidade em certas espécies de abelhas Melipona. As abelhas Melipona scutellaris e Apis mellifera são visitantes ocasionais das flores de S. campanulata; portanto, apresentam taxas de mortalidade mais baixas. Dado o dano causado por S. campanulata na biodiversidade nativa, é aconselhável evitar o seu cultivo em praças públicas, jardins ou próximo a colmeias de abelhas. Beauv Bignoniaceae (Bignoniaceae vistosas entanto tóxico Brasil naturais UFBA, UFBA , (UFBA) 1 dias 8 espécie extraídos Bionomia BIOSIS (BIOSIS Hymenoptera 981 98 98,1 Apidae Meliponini. Meliponini . Meliponini) conclusão S inseticidas portanto baixas (UFBA 9 98,

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência do suplemento aminoácido vitamínico no peso de colônias de abelhas sem ferrão Uruçu (Melipona scutellaris). O experimento foi realizado com 24 colônias e três tratamentos, consistindo na oferta de uma solução de xarope (água e açúcar) diluído com diferentes proporções de 0, 3 e 5 mL de suplemento. Embora este suplemento seja eficaz e indicado para outras espécies animais de domésticos, a análise de variância com medida repetida no tempo não apresentou efeito significativo (P> 0,05) do nível desse suplemento sobre o peso das colmeias, mostrando que a oferta do suplemento aminoácido vitamínico, não supre a necessidade nutricional para a colônia. Conclui-se que o uso desse produto não surtiu efeito positivo no desenvolvimento de colônias de abelhas Uruçu (Melipona scutellaris), indicando que não deveria ser utilizado como fonte majoritária de aminoácido e de vitaminas na alimentação das abelhas. Sugere-se que os meliponicultores proporcionem às abelhas Uruçu (Melipona scutellaris) uma abundante diversidade de plantas a fim de que tenham acesso a diferentes tipos de pólen como fonte de nutrientes.

ABSTRACT This study proposes to investigate the influence of a vitamin-amino acid supplement on the weight of colonies of uruçu stingless bees (Melipona scutellaris). The experiment was carried out with 24 colonies and three treatments, which consisted of a solution of different proportions of supplement (0, 3, and 5 mL) diluted in syrup (water and sugar). Although this supplement is effective and indicated for other species of domestic animals, analysis of variance with repeated measures over time did not reveal a significant effect (P > 0.05) of its dose on the weight of the hives, showing that the supply of the vitamin-amino acid supplement does not meet the nutritional requirements of the colony. The use of this product did not have a positive effect on the development of the uruçu bee colonies, so it should not be employed as a major source of amino acids and vitamins in the diet of bees. Beekeepers are suggested to provide uruçu bees with an abundant diversity of plants so that they have access to different types of pollen as a source of nutrients.

ABSTRACT: Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and leptin (LEP) can be candidate genes for association studies because they play vital roles in the metabolism process. Thus, this study aimed to identify variants in these genes associated with body traits in Santa Inês sheep. The following were recorded: body weight at 100 (BW100) and 240 days (BW240), average daily gain (ADG), withers (WH) and croup (CH) heights, body length (BL), thoracic (TG) and leg (LG) girths, thoracic (TW) and croup (CW) widths, body depth (BD), rib eye area (REA), fat thickness (FT), and carcass finishing score (CFS). Single-locus association analysis was performed with 11 variants in IGF1, 18 in LEP, and 16 in GH. Moreover, two haplotypes in IGF1 and one haplotype in LEP were evaluated in haplotype association analysis. The single-locus analysis revealed 23 suggestive additive effects (p < 0.05), but no additive effect was found at the Bonferroni threshold. Haplotype association analysis revealed 19 additive effects, of which ten were at the Bonferroni threshold (p < 0.0074). In IGF1 gene, haplotype replacements were associated with ADG 20.51(7.37), CH 4.09(1.21), WH 3.52(1.20), BL 3.94(1.19), TG 3.88(1.30), TW 1.13(0.36), and LG 3.40(1.08); while in the LEP gene the haplotype replacement was associated with BW100 1.83(0.51), BD −2.51(0.56), and CFS −0.24(0.06). Therefore, there are haplotypes in IGF1 and LEP genes associated with body traits in Santa Inês sheep, which can be useful in marker-assisted selection.

ABSTRACT The present investigation aimed to evaluate the population structure and inbreeding of Holstein herds in southern Brazil. To carry out the analysis, the Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH) in Brazil provided the data, which consisted of a pedigree file of 206,796 animals born between 1970 and 2014. Results regarding the following parameters were determined: pedigree integrity, effective number of founders, effective number of ancestors, generation interval, inbreeding coefficient, realized effective population size, and average relatedness coefficient. POPREP and ENDOG v.4.5 software packages were employed to estimate these parameters. Based on the data set, the mean generation interval was found to be 6.3 years, and the average inbreeding coefficient, related to inbred animals, was 4.99%. Furthermore, the realized effective population size varied throughout the time period, ranging from 22 to 114, whereas the rate of inbreeding in this same period showed a decreasing trend towards the later years in the period until 2014. Upon evaluation, average relatedness coefficient was estimated to be 0.71%. Moreover, the effective number of founders and ancestors were estimated as 418 and 400 animals, respectively. According to the level of inbreeding observed, it could be noticed that genetic diversity remains elevated, which will be important to the genetic progress in the Holstein breeding program in Southern Brazil.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi sequenciar os genes MyoD1, MyoG, MyF5, MyF6 e MSTN e identificar polimorfismos em ovinos Santa Inês (Ovis aries). No total, 192 cordeiros com 240 dias de idade foram avaliados, e estes genes foram sequenciados para comparação com a sequência-referência no genoma de Ovis aries. As frequências genotípicas e alélicas foram estimadas, e o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, testado. Foram obtidos fragmentos contendo 2.493 pb (MyoDl), 1.836 pb (MyoG), 2.813 pb (MyF5), 1.126 pb (MyF6) e 2.380 pb (MSTN), e, nessas sequências, foram identificadas 160 variantes. Esses polimorfismos foram distribuídos da seguinte forma: 59 (MyoD1), 24 (MyoG), 63 (MyF5), 4 (MyF6) e 10 (MSTN). Foram encontrados 104 novos polimorfismos, sendo 45 no MyoD1, 2 no MyoG, 56 no MyF5 e 1 no MSTN. Com relação ao local, 61 variantes estavam em íntron (27 no MyoD1, 16 no MyoG, 5 no MyF5, 3 no MyF6 e 10 no MSTN), 87 em região codificante (22 no MyoD1, 8 no MyoG, 56 no MyF5 e 1 no MyF6) e 12 na região 3’UTR (10 no MyoD1 e 2 no MyF5). Portanto, os genes da família MyoD e o MSTN possuem vários polimorfismos em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, os quais podem ser úteis em estudos de associação.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to sequence the MyoD1, MyoG, MyF5, MyF6, and MSTN genes and to identify polymorphisms in Santa Inês sheep (Ovis aries). A total of 192 lambs with 240 days of age were evaluated, and these genes were sequenced to be compared with the reference sequence in the Ovis aries genome. Genotype and allele frequencies were estimated, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested. Fragments containing 2,493 bp (MyoD1), 1,836 bp (MyoG), 2,813 bp (MyF5), 1,126 bp (MyF6), and 2,380 bp (MSTN) were obtained, and, in these sequences, 160 variants were identified. These polymorphisms were distributed as follows: 59 (MyoD1), 24 (MyoG), 63 (MyF5), 4 (MyF6), and 10 (MSTN). One hundred and four were novel polymorphisms, 45 in MyoD1, 2 in MyoG, 56 in MyF5, and 1 in MSTN. Regarding site, 61 were in intron (27 in MyoD1, 16 in MyoG, 5 in MyF5, 3 in MyF6, and 10 in MSTN), 87 in coding region (22 in MyoD1, 8 in MyoG, 56 in MyF5, and 1 in MyF6), and 12 on 3’UTR (10 in MyoD1 and 2 in MyF5). Therefore, the MyoD family and MSTN genes have several polymorphisms in Santa Inês sheep, which can be useful for association studies.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the heritability of milk yield (MY), fat percent (F%), fat yield (FY), protein percent (P%), protein yield (PY), somatic cell score (SCS), and total bacterial count score (TBCS) as well as to estimate the genetic correlations among these traits, using a dataset from 5,918 lactations of Jersey cows in Brazil. The covariance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood using the PEST and VCE6 programs. The average values obtained for MY, F%, FY, P%, PY, SCS, and TBCS were 5017.5 kg, 4.3%, 192.3 kg, 3.3%, 173.0 kg, 5.9, and 2.9, respectively, while the heritability values were 0.16, 0.55, 0.18, 0.61, 0.25, 0.21, and 0.08, respectively. The genetic correlations ranged from low to high magnitude, with positive values from 0.06 (TBCS-PY) to 0.72 (FY-PY), and negative values from −0.04 (F%-TBCS) to −0.44 (P%-TBCS). The Jersey breed from Brazil shows genetic variability for all traits analyzed in the present study, and our results suggest that higher genetic gain will be achieved when F% and P% are used as selection criteria. In addition, it is important to use SCS as a selection criterion since the selection for MY and PY may lead to higher SCS or TBCS values, which are undesirable. This was the first study to estimate genetic parameters for milk quality (PY, P%, FY, F%) and udder health (SCS, TBCS) traits in Jersey cows from Brazil. This information is useful for breeding schemes and contributes to better characterize these parameters in tropical region, since few studies were developed with the Jersey cattle in this environment.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the heritability coefficients for ten functional type traits and milk production in the Jersey breed in Brazil, besides the genetic and phenotypic correlations between them. The present study utilised data from 1,567 records of linear type traits, including stature (ST), body depth (BD), loin strength (LS), rump width (RW), rump angle (RA), fore udder attachment (FUA), front teat placement (FTP), rear udder height (RUH), central ligament (CL), and final score (FS). Milk yield (MY) adjusted to 305 lactation days was also calculated. Covariance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood approach using the PEST and VCE6 programs on the animal model. Heritability coefficients thus assessed were as follows: 0.22±0.01 (ST), 0.35±0.07 (BD), 0.17±0.01 (RW), 0.55±0.05 (RA), 0.09±0.01 (LS), 0.20±0.02 (FUA), 0.40±0.06 (FTP), 0.40±0.06 (RUH), 0.15±0.02 (CL), 0.21±0.02 (FS), and 0.16±0.02 (MY). Therefore, the higher genetic gain will be obtained for BD, RA, FTP, and RUH, while the other traits would need a medium or long-term period to show improvement. The genetic correlations fell in the range from 0.01 (FTP × FS) to 0.87 (RW × CL), and the only genetic correlation noted between FS and RA was negative (−0.10±0.06). Thus, in the Jersey breed in Brazil, the type traits are genetically associated, and the selection of any one of them may elicit an indirect response in another.

RESUMO: Este estudo buscou identificar componentes principais (CP) que explicam os maiores percentuais de variância total e que melhor caracterizam cabritos mestiços da raça Anglo Nubiana, quanto à medidas morfológicas obtidas in vivo, e na carcaça de 28 animais com 8 meses de idade. Foram conduzidas duas análises de componentes principais, sendo uma para 19 características de carcaça e outra para seis características morfométricas in vivo. Os cinco primeiros CP explicaram 82,54% da variância total das 19 características incluídas nessa análise. Estes componentes foram chamados de: CP1 - Tamanho da Carcaça, CP2 - Condição Corporal, CP3 - Largura da Carcaça, CP4 - Profundidade do Tórax e, CP5 - Comprimento do Pernil. Os dois primeiros componentes principais das morfometrias obtidas in vivo explicaram 78,86% da variância total e foram chamados de CP1 - Tamanho in vivo e CP2 - Conformação in vivo.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the principal components (PC) that explain the highest percentages of total variance and best characterize the in vivo and carcass morphologies of Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Nineteen carcass morphometric traits and six in vivo morphometric traits were measured in 28 kids at eight months of age. Principal component analysis indicated that five PC were able to explain 83.57% of the total variance in the 19 original carcass traits. Those components were termed PC1-Carcass Size, PC2 - Body Condition, PC3-Carcass Width, PC4-Chest Depth, and PC5 - Hindquarter. For in vivo morphometric traits, the first two principal components explained 78.86% of the total variance. These components were called PC1-In vivo Size and PC2-In vivo Conformation.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a amonização com ureia em silagens de milheto com diferentes densidades de compactação, quanto aos seus efeitos sobre a composição químico-bromatológica, as perdas no processo de ensilagem, o perfil fermentativo, a contagem de populações microbianas e a estabilidade aeróbia. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2×4, com duas densidades de compactação (600 e 800 kg m-3) e quatro níveis de ureia (0, 2, 4 e 6% com base na matéria seca), com cinco repetições. Na avaliação da estabilidade aeróbia, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2×4, com dois tempos (0 e 72 horas) e quatro níveis de ureia (0, 2, 4 e 6%, com base na matéria seca), com cinco repetições. Os níveis de ureia interagiram significativamente com a densidade, quanto aos teores de matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro e q uanto à recuperação de matéria seca; e com o tempo de exposição, quanto aos teores de fibra em detergente ácido e de lignina. Não se observaram mofos e leveduras nas silagens amonizadas. A densidade de compactação de 800 kg m-3 reduziu as perdas no processo de ensilagem do milheto e proporcionou silagem de maior valor nutritivo do que a compactação a 600 kg m-3. O uso de ureia não reduz as perdas e não melhora a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens; no entanto, controla o crescimento de mofos após a exposição da silagem ao ar.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of urea ammoniation of pearl millet silage, at different compaction densities, on chemical composition, losses in the ensilage process, fermentation profile, microbial population count, and aerobic stability. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with two compaction densities (600 and 800 kg m-3) and four urea levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% on a dry matter basis), with five replicates. For the aerobic stability assay, the experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with two times (0 and 72 hours) and four urea levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%, on dry matter basis), with five replicates. The urea levels interacted significantly with density as to the contents of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent insoluble protein, and as to dry matter recovery; and with exposure hours as to the contents of acid detergent fiber and lignin. Molds and yeasts were not observed in the ammoniated silages. The 800 kg m-3 density reduced losses in the fermentation process of pearl millet silage, and promoted better nutritive value than the compaction at 600 kg m-3. The use of urea does not reduce losses and does not improve the aerobic stability of silages; however, it controls mold growth after silage exposure to air.

The intake of the dry matter (DM), the crude protein (CP) and the metabolizable energy intake (ME) in megacalories per day (Mcal/day) were not affected by the diets. In contrast, the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in g/kg BW, increased linearly. An increasing linear effect was also observed for the ether extract (EE) intake, whereas a decreasing linear performance was observed for the non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake. The digestibility of DM, organic matter and NFC decreased linearly with the sunflower cake inclusion, whereas the digestibility of CP, NDF, and EE were not influenced by the diets. No effect was observed for the concentration of serum glucose or urea nitrogen serum. No effect was observed on the urea nitrogen serum in the hours after feeding; however, including sunflower cake in the diets resulted in a quadratic performance for the serum glucose concentrations in the hours after feeding. The average daily gain (ADG) had a decreasing linear effect, and the food conversions of the DM, CP, NDF, NFC and ME had increasing linear effects. The feeding costs decreased with the level of sunflower cake.

Este estudo teve por objetivo mapear QTL (quantitative trait loci) utilizando combinações lineares de características de interesse econômico em Gallus gallus. Foram estudadas 350 aves F2 oriundas de um cruzamento inicial entre machos de uma linhagem de corte (TT) e fêmeas de uma linhagem de postura (CC). Foi conduzido mapeamento de QTL nos cromossomos Gallus gallus (GGA1, GGA3, GGA5, GGA8, GGA11 e GGA13), para 20 características de desempenho e de carcaça. Para detectar QTL foi utilizado o teste da razão de verossimilhanças entre um modelo reduzido (incluindo efeitos fixos de sexo, incubação e o efeito aleatório de valor genético infinitesimal) e um completo (incluindo todos os efeitos anteriores mais os efeitos de QTL). Ao analisar as características originais, ou seja, antes da formação das combinações lineares, foram mapeados seis QTLs significativos a 1% no genoma, quatro no GGA1 (peso vivo aos 35 dias, peso vivo aos 42 dias, gordura abdominal e peso do coração) e dois no GGA3 (peso vivo aos 35 e aos 42 dias de idade); três QTLs significativos a 5% no genoma, sendo um no GGA1 (peso da cabeça), um no GGA3 (peso das asas), e um no GGA8 (peso da moela); além de sete ligações sugestivas para diversas características. Ao mapear QTLs para os componentes principais, foram confirmados vários QTLs mapeados para as características originais, além de encontrar três QTLs e oito ligações sugestivas não mapeadas para as características originais.

This study aimed at mapping QTL (quantitative trait loci) using linear combinations of characteristics of economical interest in Gallus gallus. A total of 350 F2 chickens from an initial crossing among males from a broiler line (TT) with females from a layer line (CC) were used. It was conducted a QTL mapping in chromosomes of Gallus gallus (GGA1, GGA3, GGA5, GGA8, GGA11, and GGA13) for 20 performance and carcass traits. For detecting QTL, it was used the likelihood ratio test between a reduced model (including fixed effects of sex, hatch and random effect of infinitesimal genetic value) and a full model (including all the previous effects plus QTL effects). When original characterists were analyzed, that is, before the formation of linear combinations, six significant QTLs were mapped at 1% in the genome, four in the GGA1 (live weight at 35 days of age and at 42 days of age, abdominal fat and heart weight); and two on GGA3 (live weight at 35 and 42 days of age); three significant QTLs at 5% in the genome, one on GGA1 (head weight), one on GGA3 (wings weight), and one on GGA8 (gizzard weight); besides seven suggestive linkages for several traits. When QTLs were mapped for principal components, many mapped QTLs were confirmed for original traits, in addition to finding three QTLs and eight suggestive linkages not mapped for the original traits.

O Brasil é um dos lideres mundiais em produção de animais de interesse zootécnico. Porém, para manter este status, precisa investir grandemente em pesquisas que visem aumentar a produtividade animal. No âmbito do melhoramento genético animal, o Brasil conta com muitos grupos que desenvolvem estudos de grande interesse nesta área. São estudos que vão desde os clássicos trabalhos de estimativas de componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos, passando por trabalhos de modelagem estatística até chegar aos trabalhos mais recentes envolvendo genética molecular aplicada ao melhoramento animal. Assim, a presente revisão tem por objetivo sumarizar os caminhos pelo qual o melhoramento genético animal no Brasil trilhou ao longo da primeira década do século 21, os quais podem indicar os avanços obtidos e os novos desafios.

Brazil is an important world leader in animal yield, but to maintain this status, needs to invest heavily in research to increase animal productivity. For Animal Breeding purpose, Brazil has many groups that develop important studies. Those studies ranging from estimating components of variation and genetic parameters, statistical modeling, and molecular markers applied to animal breeding. Thus, this review aims to summarize the research in animal breeding in Brazil through the first decade of the 21st century, which can indicate the progress and new challenges.

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, realizar avaliação morfológica de potros e potras da raça Mangalarga Marchador, adotando-se a análise fatorial, durante o período de agosto de 2000 a junho de 2003. Foram efetuadas 19 mensurações lineares, envolvendo altura, comprimento, largura e perímetros e 11 medidas angulares: na semana do nascimento, em 55 potros e 41 potras; aos seis meses de idade, em 35 potros e 37 potras; e aos doze meses de idade, em 19 potros e 31 potras. A análise fatorial foi empregada para verificar a existência de relações importantes entre as medidas morfométricas. Nas medidas lineares, geralmente foram observados de seis a sete fatores e as comunalidades obtidas com este número de fatores foram elevadas, ao passo que, nas medidas angulares, o número de fatores foi geralmente seis. Foram observadas correlações importantes entre as medidas lineares, as quais possibilitaram a identificação de fatores denominados sustentação, altura, rendimento, equilíbrio, carga, cefálico, robustez e perímetro, entre outros, enquanto, nas medidas angulares, foram identificados fatores que podem estar associados à comodidade, agilidade, rendimento, impulsão e força para o andamento.

This work aims to evaluate the morphology of Mangalarga Marchador foals with Factorial Analysis from August, 2000 to June, 2003. Nineteen linear measures relating to height, length, width and girth and 11 angular measures were made at birth's week, in 55 colts and 41 fillies; at six months of age, in 35 colts and 37 fillies; and at twelve months of age, in 19 colts and 31 fillies. The factorial analysis was used to verify the existence of important relationships among morphometric measures. For linear measures, generally were observed six and seven factors and the communality obtained with this numbers of factors were high. However, for angular measures the number of factors was generally six. It was observed very important relationships among linear measures and it was possible to identify the factors as sustentation, height, efficiency, equilibrium, cargo, cephalic, robustness and girth among others, while for angular measures it was possible to identify factors associated with comfortableness, agility, efficiency, impulsion and force for gait.

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as medidas morfométricas de potros e potras da raça Mangalarga Marchador utilizando a análise discriminante. As medidas corporais foram feitas na semana do nascimento dos potros, em 55 potros e 41 potras; aos seis meses de idade, em 35 potros e 37 potras; e aos doze meses de idade, em 19 potros e 31 potras. Foram efetuadas 25 mensurações lineares, envolvendo altura, comprimento, largura e perímetros além de 11 medidas angulares. A análise discriminante foi utilizada para verificar as diferenças morfológicas entre os animais em função do sexo e das idades dentro de cada sexo. As medidas de relevantes para evidenciar o dimorfismo sexual foram as seguintes: nos animais recém-nascidos, os perímetros do boleto e do joelho, os comprimentos do corpo e da cabeça, a altura na cernelha, a distância da soldra ao jarrete e o ângulo fêmur-tibial; aos seis meses de idade, os perímetros do joelho, do tórax e do boleto, o comprimento do pescoço e o ângulo escápulo-solo; aos doze meses de idade, os perímetros do joelho e do tórax, as alturas na cernelha e na garupa, e os ângulos úmero-radial e coxal-solo. Os machos foram, em geral, maiores que as fêmeas nas medidas lineares exceto o perímetro torácico, cujo valor médio foi maior nas potras. Os erros de classificação quanto à idade foram observados, principalmente, após os quatro meses de idade podendo indicar os efeitos ambientais no período pós-desmame.

This work aims to evaluate the body measures of colts and fillies of Mangalarga Marchador breed using a discriminant analysis. Measures were performed at birth week, in 55 colts and 41 fillies; at six months age, in 35 colts and 37 fillies; and at twelve months age, in 19 colts and 31 fillies. There were made 25 linear measures, including height, length, width and girth, plus 11 angular measures. Discriminant analysis was used to verify morphologic differences between the animals, in function of sex and age within each sex. In newly born, fetlock and knee girths, body and head lengths, withers height, distance from stifle to hock and femur-tibial angle were the measures that has been differentiated sex. At six months of age, knee girth, thoracic girths and fetlock girth, neck length and shoulder-floor angle were measures that has been differentiated sex. At twelve months of age, knee and thoracic girths, withers and croup heights, humerus-radial and coxal-floor angles had evidenced sex dimorphism. The males were in general larger than females for linear measures, except for the thoracic girth, which was larger in the females. Errors of age classification were observed mainly after fourth months of age which indicate environmental influence after weaning.

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a produção e a composição do leite de éguas Mangalarga Marchador e o ganho de peso dos potros lactentes. A produção de leite foi avaliada em oito éguas, pelo método da pesagem dos potros antes e depois das mamadas, em intervalos de duas horas, em doze observações diárias. A partir do somatório da quantidade de leite produzido nas observações, obteve-se a produção diária de leite. A produção de leite, analisado quanto aos teores de lactose, proteína, gordura e energia, foi avaliada aos 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 dias da lactação A produção média de leite variou de 9,95 kg/dia no 40º dia a 7,48 kg/dia no final da lactação. A produção total de leite estimada foi igual a 1405,56 kg. A produção de leite, expressa em percentual do peso vivo (PV) das éguas, variou entre 2,3% do PV no 20º dia e 1,8% do PV no final da lactação, sendo similar às quantidades de leite produzidas nos períodos diurno e noturno. Não foi observado efeito da idade das éguas na produção de leite. O ganho médio diário de peso dos potros ao longo do período de amamentação foi de 0,77 kg, com maiores valores nos meses iniciais do período de amamentação. O leite das éguas apresentou baixas concentrações de proteína, gordura e energia e altas de lactose, além de resposta quadrática decrescente, em função do período da lactação.

This work aims to evaluate yield production and composition of milk of Mangalarga Marchador mares and average weight gain of suckling foals. Milk yield was evaluated in eight mares by the weigh-suck-weigh method, at intervals of two hour, twelve times a day. Daily milk produced was estimated by summing of the twelve observations. Milk yield was performed at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 days of lactation. The milk was analyzed for lactose, protein, fat and energy concentration. Daily milk production ranged from 9.95 kg at 40th day to 7.48 kg no final da lactação (160th day) Total estimate milk yield during the lactation was 1405.56 kg. Milk yield as a % LW of mares ranged from 2.3% LW at 20th day to 1.8% LW at the end of lactation. Amounts of milk produced during daytime and nighttime was similar and mare age did not affect milk production. Average weight gain of foals during lactation period was 0.77 kg/day with higher values at first months of lactation period. Milk showed low concentration of protein, fat and energy, high levels of lactose, with a decreasing quadratic response in function of lactation period.