ABSTRACT Promoting inclusive and effective governance in regional estuaries offers an encompassing challenge within the scope of Policy analysis and its interactions within socioecological research. The integrated approach for both theoretical elements has not easily been improved, despite the increase in analytical frameworks in this theme. The Paranaguá Bay Zone (PBZ) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, is composed of a few cities, several large, protected areas, and traditional communities. On the one hand, the intensification of real estate pressures in a low demographic region is creating a wave of value conversion regarding the trends of the coastal gentrification phenomenon, notwithstanding the lower degree of intensity when compared to other Brazilian estuaries. On the other hand, it shows a lack of political representation and institutional action at the subnational level. This asymmetrical process is strongly related to historical land development and the controversial process of implementing protected areas and zoning tools. Promoting the economic rise of the territory has affected traditional communities and conservation management, requiring permanent improvement in the ability for community mobilization and juridical vigilance in the face of impacts related to such pressure. In the meantime, scholars have considered knowledge building, which brings up assessment issues on how the decision-making process has been operated and what gaps and asymmetries can be revealed for further resilience analyses. This study is an effort to approach the performance of participative governance of the estuary and is restricted to a preliminary assessment of the participative management committees designed by legislation under area-based attributions. This study is not aimed at exploring the belief systems of different social groups/stakeholders. Results have a great emphasis on methodological building and testing, which revealed the importance of imposing an inventory and hierarchy model on the multiple committees of governance and their sectorization across adjacent areas. Results also underline variables of interest and pilot indicators in the subject under analysis. Preliminary results point to the need for overcoming methodological challenges, and findings that are useful as first evidence in the comprehension of the low performance by different committees, which often operate without any regular, systematic, integrated, transparent, legitimate, and permanent agenda of Policy activities for the PBZ fisheries territory. Qualitative data and institutional memoirs should be available and categorized in government programs, whereas research efforts that look to better recognize the idiosyncrasies of community realities under the pressures of non-transparent economic drivers are much needed. improved theme (PBZ Paraná Brazil cities large hand phenomenon level tools pressure meantime decisionmaking decision making analyses areabased area based attributions groupsstakeholders groups stakeholders groups/stakeholders testing challenges regular systematic transparent legitimate programs nontransparent non needed

Resumo No Sul do Brasil, parte dos remanescentes florestais é utilizada, historicamente, como sistemas silvipastoris denominados caívas, em Santa Catarina, e faxinais no estado do Paraná. Nestes, o estrato herbáceo da floresta é composto por pastagem naturalizada onde ocorre o pastejo animal. Visando contribuir para o melhor entendimento do impacto das caívas sobre a conservação da Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), foram avaliadas diferentes intensidades de uso da pastagem, da prática da roçada e do pastejo bovino sobre a regeneração natural. O experimento foi realizado em oito caívas em 2015 e 2016, sendo a regeneração monitorada a cada seis meses. Ao longo desse período foram identificadas 49 espécies arbóreas características da FOM. Independentemente dos fatores avaliados, a regeneração das espécies arbóreas é um processo dinâmico, presente e contínuo nas caívas avaliadas. A intensidade de uso da pastagem não afetou os indicadores de diversidade, a riqueza de espécies e a densidade da regeneração. Houve baixa similaridade entre caívas com o mesmo tipo de manejo do pasto. A roçada foi a atividade de maior impacto sobre a regeneração, com acentuada redução na densidade de regenerantes, embora não tenha afetado a riqueza de espécies. Dada a abundância de espécies na regeneração das caívas, inclusive muitas típicas de estágio avançado, é possível confirmar que estes sistemas apresentam alta resiliência com respeito à conservação da biodiversidade florestal, mesmo com o pastejo do gado há longo tempo. Esses resultados indicam, também, ser possível implementar com sucesso diferentes estratégias de intensificação da pastagem em caívas, desde que estejam associadas à práticas de preservação de áreas mais frágeis e diversas, a fim de compor um sistema com maior sustentabilidade em todas as suas dimensões.

Abstract In some regions of Southern Brazil, historic silvopastoral systems, known as caívas in Santa Catarina State and faxinais in Paraná State, are used in remnants of Araucaria Forest. In these systems, the herbaceous stratum of the forest is composed of natural pasture on which animals graze. In order to better understand the impact of caívas on the conservation of the Araucaria Forest, the effects of different intensities of pasture management, mowing practices, and cattle grazing on natural regeneration were assessed. The experiment was carried out in eight caívas from 2015 to 2016, during which the forest regeneration was monitored every six months. Throughout the study period, 48 tree species that are characteristic of the Araucaria Forest were identified. In all evaluated scenarios, the regeneration of tree species was present, dynamic, and continuous in the caívas. The intensity of pasture use did not affect the indicators of diversity, species richness, and regeneration density. However, there was limited similarity among caívas with the same type of pasture management. Mowing had the greatest impact on regeneration, with a marked reduction in the density of regenerants, although it did not affect species richness. Given the abundance of species in the regeneration, including many species typical of advanced forest succession, it is possible to confirm that these systems present high levels of resilience with respect to the conservation of biodiversity, despite the occurrence of livestock grazing for generations. The results also indicate that it is possible to successfully implement strategies for pasture intensification in caívas. However, this practice must be associated with preservation strategies in forest areas that are more fragile and diverse, in order to ensure the system is sustainable across all dimensions.

ABSTRACT The results of an evaluation of the impact of traditional silvopastoral system on floristic and phytosociology of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) remnants, named caívas, in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina, South of Brazil are shown here to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of human activities on natural environments,. There was significant heterogeneity in floristic and structural aspects among the remnants. They exhibited high floristic integrity, with the presence of species typically registered in MOF. On the other hand, the incidence of exotic species was inexpressive. The predominance of smaller plant individuals than expected for adults of the species, combined with the predominance of secondary and pioneer species indicate the occurrence of repeated disturbances over the years. It is urgent to identify technological alternatives to enable appropriate foraging and increase in livestock production, ensuring economic and social sustainability with less environmental impact.

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a combinação de diferentes fungicidas no controle da ferrugem da folha em pomares de pessegueiros e sua viabilidade econômica. As plantas que receberam os tratamentos Amistar + Folicur (T1) e Amistar + Manzate (T2) apresentaram maior retenção foliar e menor severidade de ferrugem nas folhas remanescentes. A cultivar Ouro mostrou-se mais suscetível à doença que as cultivares Chimarrita e Premier. Houve aumento na produtividade e na renda bruta do produtor, justificando a adoção da prática testada.

The aim of the present study was to test different fungicides in peach leaf rust control and their economic use in peach orchard. The treatments T1 (Amistar and Folicur) and T2 (Amistar and Manzate) had a better leaf retention and less severity of leaf rust in reminiscent leaf. 'Ouro' cultivar was more susceptible than the others cultivars ('Chimarrita' and 'Premier'). There was an improving in productivity and gross income, justifying the fungicides use in commercial orchards to control peach leaf rust.