Abstract This paper discusses the through-wall detection of targets behind walls using an ultra-wideband radar operating in the 2 to 15 GHz frequency range. Tests were conducted to verify its use with static and moving targets. Two real-world cases were tested: a laboratory with students sitting on benches, and an adult person standing behind a door. A fast method, based on the standard deviation, was used to transform the time-domain data matrix into a simpler waveform. This method has the potential to quickly detect the presence of human targets behind physical obstacles. throughwall through wall ultrawideband ultra wideband 1 range realworld real world tested benches door deviation timedomain time domain waveform obstacles

Abstract This article describes the use of a low-cost softwaredefined radio applied to an Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) test. The proposed system is indicated for cases when an autonomous instrument is better suited, i.e., when there is no need for external signal or power connections. As a proof of concept, a metallic cavity has its shielding parameter measured, and the obtained results illustrate the kind of outputs the instrument can provide. Details concerning the hardware and software utilized are mentioned, alongside observed pitfalls and trade-offs. It is an affordable and versatile method, which can replace the traditional use of spectrum analyzers and receivers, especially in precompliance tasks. lowcost low cost EMC (EMC test suited ie i e i.e. connections concept measured provide mentioned tradeoffs. tradeoffs trade offs. offs trade-offs method receivers tasks i.e

Concerns regarding long-term effects of stray electromagnetic fields emitted by household appliances have been usually covered by mainstream and social media outlets, even though biomedical exposure studies have conclusions leaning towards low-risks. The quick deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) shows that the number of connected devices is likely to increase even more. Though most systems operate with very low-amplitude field levels, the coexistence of several different devices and continuous operation near the human body is seen as a possible cause of illnesses, particularly in children. This study shows a method of addressing fields at the 2450-MHz range using low-cost and easily constructed devices, based on a software-defined radio operating as a receiver. It allows the investigation of hot spots inside residential or office areas, with measured amplitude field levels found after proper conversion using the sensor antenna factor.

Abstract A low-cost spectrum analyzer is presented, based on a commercial software defined radio and an open-source application package. Fundamentals regarding the receiving operation and its sensitivity are presented, along with measurements, of two 8 and 12-bits software defined radio models. An application, run within GNU Radio, is presented, deployed to overcome the hardware analog-to-digital converter limitation to monitor wide bandwidths. Results are shown for two different frequency ranges, 200 MHz bandwidth.

Abstract Monopulse radars operate with simultaneous beams and are used for tracking purposes, relying only on hardware to provide a real-time indication of the target position. A monopulse array and its feeding network is implemented and tested, in the frequency of 5.4 GHz, based on patch antennas using dieletric to provide wide bandwidth and high gain. The system field styrofoam as pattern was evaluated in two different environments, a shielded room and an indoor area. Results agreed with simulation for either individual elements as well as the final integrated monopulse array.

Abstract A transistor avalanche noise generator (TANG) is described. It is based on an off-the-shelf RF transistor with an integrated planar monopole. From a 70 V DC power it generates sub-nanosecond pulses with amplitudes close to 1 V. The proposed solution does not employ step recovery diodes, and it is based as the name implies on the operation of a bipolar transistor crossing into the avalanche region. Radiation measurements showed energies close to −40 dBm at frequencies near 600 MHz, with energies reaching the range of 1 GHz.

Abstract This paper introduces the Characteristic Mode Analysis in the computation of electromagnetic resonant modes in conducting bodies. Canonical cases (thin wire and a rectangular plate) are analyzed, along with real-world complex structures, a mobile phone chassis and an unmanned aerial vehicle. Given the analogy to other areas, such as modal analysis in Differential Equations, this method can be another tool when teaching Electromagnetic Radiation and antenna related topics.

O artigo descreve a construção e modelagem simples de um protótipo de pequenas dimensões de um Coilgun – arma eletromagnética que dispara um projétil metálico cuja operação se assemelha aos motores elétricos lineares, que também acionam fechaduras magnéticas e atuadores. O projeto apresenta baixo custo, envolve construção com elementos facilmente encontráveis contudo envolve conceitos relativamente sofisticados de eletromagnetismo. O sistema pode ser empregado para estudos de física e também motores elétricos lineares, em Engenharia. O artigo discute modelos circuitais, análise da força magnética exercida no projétil e figuras do campo produzido a partir de um simulador eletromagnético. A instrumentação usada para medida da velocidade também é apresentada, com dados de medidas.

The article describes the construction and simplified analysis of a small-scale Coilgun prototype – electromagnetic weapon that launches a metallic slug whose operation is similar to linear electric motors, also seen in magnetic locks. The design can be constructed with low cost and easily available components, though it involves sophisticated electromagnetism concepts. The system can be employed to Laboratory experiments on Physics as well as on Engineering, to address Electromagnetic Conversion of Energy, namely linear electric motors and actuators. The article discusses circuit models, the electromagnetic force on the slug and also field plots generated from a commercial simulator. The used instrumentation for velocity measurement is also presented, alongside with measured data.

This work presents a new Ultra Wide Band (UWB) beamforming fifth-order derivative Gaussian pulse transmitter with dual small Vivaldi antennas for remote acquisition of vital signals in impulse radar applications. The system consists of a programmable delay circuit (PDC or τ), a UWB pulse generator (PG) circuit and an array of two Vivaldi planar antennas. The circuits is designed using the 0.18µm CMOS IBM process. Spice simulations show the pulse generation with 90mVpp amplitude and 300ps width. The average power consumption is 120µW per pulse, using a 2V power supply at a pulse repetition rate (PRR) of 100MHz. Full tridimensional electromagnetic simulations, using CST MWS, show the main lobe radiation with a gain of 5.5dB, and a beam steering between 20º and -17.5º for azimuthal (θ) angles at the center frequency of 7.5GHz.