ABSTRACT Purpose: Visual impairment and blindness caused by cataracts are major public health problems. Several factors are associated with an increased risk of age-related cataracts, such as age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and ultraviolet radiation. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between body mass index and age-related cataracts. Methods: Studies on weight and age-related cataracts published from January 2011 to July 2020 were reviewed by searching PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases. The random-effects and fixed-effects models were used for the meta-analysis, and the results were reported as odd ratios. Results: A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. No correlation was found between underweight and nuclear cataracts (OR=1.31, 95% CI [-0.50 to 3.12], p=0.156). The results of the random-effects model showed that overweight was significantly associated with age-related cataracts and reduced the risk of age-related cataracts (OR=0.91, 95% CI [0.80-1.02], p<0.0001; I2=62.3%, p<0.0001). Significant correlations were found between overweight and cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts (OR=0.95, 95% CI [0.66-1.24], p<0.0001; OR=0.92, 95% CI (0.76-1.08), p<0.0001; OR=0.87, 95% CI [0.38-1.02], p<0.0001). Significant correlations were found between obesity and cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts (OR=1.00, 95% CI [0.82-1.17], p<0.0001; OR=1.07, 95% CI [0.92-1.22], p<0.0001; OR=1.14, 95% CI [0.91-1.37], p<0.0001). Conclusion: This finding suggested a significant correlation between body mass index and age-related cataracts, with overweight and obesity reducing or increasing the risk of age-related cataracts, respectively. Purpose problems agerelated age related smoking consumption radiation metaanalysis meta analysis Methods 201 202 PubMed Medline databases randomeffects random effects fixedeffects fixed metaanalysis, analysis, ratios Results metaanalysis. analysis. OR=1.31, OR131 OR 1 31 (OR=1.31 95 0.50 050 0 50 [-0.5 3.12, 312 3.12 , 3 12 3.12] p=0.156. p0156 p p=0.156 . 156 p=0.156) OR=0.91, OR091 91 (OR=0.91 0.801.02, 080102 0.80 1.02 80 02 [0.80-1.02] p<0.0001 p00001 0001 I2623 I I2 62 I2=62.3% p<0.0001. p<0.0001) cortical OR=0.95, OR095 (OR=0.95 0.661.24, 066124 0.66 1.24 66 24 [0.66-1.24] OR092 92 OR=0.92 0.761.08, 076108 0.76 1.08 76 08 (0.76-1.08) OR087 87 OR=0.87 0.381.02, 038102 0.38 38 [0.38-1.02] OR=1.00, OR100 00 (OR=1.00 0.821.17, 082117 0.82 1.17 82 17 [0.82-1.17] OR107 07 OR=1.07 0.921.22, 092122 0.92 1.22 22 [0.92-1.22] OR114 14 OR=1.14 0.911.37, 091137 0.91 1.37 37 [0.91-1.37] Conclusion respectively 20 OR=1.31 OR13 (OR=1.3 9 0.5 05 5 [-0. 3.1 p015 p=0.15 15 OR=0.91 OR09 (OR=0.9 801 0.801.02 08010 080 0.8 102 1.0 8 [0.80-1.02 p<0.000 p0000 000 I262 6 I2=62.3 OR=0.95 661 0.661.24 06612 066 0.6 124 1.2 2 [0.66-1.24 OR=0.9 761 0.761.08 07610 076 0.7 108 7 (0.76-1.08 OR08 OR=0.8 381 0.381.02 03810 038 0.3 [0.38-1.02 OR=1.00 OR10 (OR=1.0 821 0.821.17 08211 082 117 1.1 [0.82-1.17 OR=1.0 921 0.921.22 09212 092 0.9 122 [0.92-1.22 OR11 OR=1.1 911 0.911.37 09113 091 137 1.3 [0.91-1.37 OR=1.3 OR1 (OR=1. 0. [-0 3. p01 p=0.1 OR0 (OR=0. 0.801.0 0801 10 1. [0.80-1.0 p<0.00 p000 I26 I2=62. 0.661.2 0661 06 [0.66-1.2 OR=0. 0.761.0 0761 (0.76-1.0 0.381.0 0381 03 [0.38-1.0 0.821.1 0821 11 [0.82-1.1 OR=1. 0.921.2 0921 09 [0.92-1.2 0.911.3 0911 13 [0.91-1.3 (OR=1 [- p0 p=0. (OR=0 0.801. [0.80-1. p<0.0 p00 I2=62 0.661. [0.66-1. OR=0 0.761. (0.76-1. 0.381. [0.38-1. 0.821. [0.82-1. OR=1 0.921. [0.92-1. 0.911. [0.91-1. (OR= [ p=0 0.801 [0.80-1 p<0. I2=6 0.661 [0.66-1 OR= 0.761 (0.76-1 0.381 [0.38-1 0.821 [0.82-1 0.921 [0.92-1 0.911 [0.91-1 (OR p= [0.80- p<0 I2= [0.66- (0.76- [0.38- [0.82- [0.92- [0.91- [0.80 p< [0.66 (0.76 [0.38 [0.82 [0.92 [0.91 [0.8 [0.6 (0.7 [0.3 [0.9 [0. (0. [0 (0 (

RESUMO Objetivo: A deficiência visual e a cegueira causadas pela catarata são um grande problema de saúde pública. Há vários fatores associados a um risco maior de catarata relacionada à idade na população mundial, tais como idade, tabagismo, consumo de álcool e radiação ultravioleta. Esta meta-análise foi realizada para avaliar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal e a catarata relacionada à idade. Métodos: Foi revisada a literatura sobre catarata relacionada a peso e idade publicada de janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2020, através de buscas nos bancos de dados PubMed, Medline e Web of Science. Na meta-análise, foram utilizados modelos de efeito aleatórios e de efeitos fixos e os resultados foram apresentados como razões de chances (OR). Resultados: Um total de 9 estudos foi incluído na meta-análise. Não houve correlação entre ausência de sobrepeso e cataratas nucleares (OR=1,31, IC 95%: -0,50-3,12, p=0,156). Os resultados do modelo de efeitos aleatórios mostraram que o excesso de peso estava significativamente associado a uma redução do risco de catarata relacionada à idade (OR=0,91, IC 95%: 0,80-1,02, p<0,0001, I2=62,3%, p<0,0001). Houve correlações significativas entre o excesso de peso e cataratas corticais (OR=0,95, IC 95%: 0,66-1,24, p<0,0001), nucleares (OR=0,92, IC 95%: 0,76-1,08, p<0,0001) e subcapsulares posteriores (OR=0,87, IC 95%: 0,38-1,02, p<0,0001) relacionadas à idade. Houve correlações significativas entre obesidade e cataratas corticais (OR=1,00, IC 95%: 0,82-1,17, p<0,0001), nucleares (OR=1,07, IC 95%: 0,92-1,22, p<0,0001) e subcapsulares posteriores (OR=1,14, IC 95%: 0,91-1,37, p<0,0001) relacionadas à idade. Conclusão: Estes achados sugeriram uma correlação significativa entre o índice de massa corporal e a catarata relacionada à idade, com o excesso de peso e a obesidade reduzindo e aumentando o risco de catarata relacionada à idade, respectivamente. Objetivo pública mundial tabagismo ultravioleta metaanálise meta análise Métodos 201 2020 PubMed Science metaanálise, análise, OR. OR . (OR) Resultados metaanálise. análise. OR=1,31, OR131 1 31 (OR=1,31 95% 95 0,503,12, 050312 0,50 3,12, 0 50 3 12 -0,50-3,12 p=0,156. p0156 p p=0,156 156 p=0,156) OR=0,91, OR091 91 (OR=0,91 0,801,02, 080102 0,80 1,02, 80 02 0,80-1,02 p00001 0001 p<0,0001 I2623 I I2 62 I2=62,3% p<0,0001. OR=0,95, OR095 (OR=0,95 0,661,24, 066124 0,66 1,24, 66 24 0,66-1,24 , OR=0,92, OR092 92 (OR=0,92 0,761,08, 076108 0,76 1,08, 76 08 0,76-1,08 OR=0,87, OR087 87 (OR=0,87 0,381,02, 038102 0,38 38 0,38-1,02 OR=1,00, OR100 00 (OR=1,00 0,821,17, 082117 0,82 1,17, 82 17 0,82-1,17 OR=1,07, OR107 07 (OR=1,07 0,921,22, 092122 0,92 1,22, 22 0,92-1,22 OR=1,14, OR114 14 (OR=1,14 0,911,37, 091137 0,91 1,37, 37 0,91-1,37 Conclusão respectivamente 20 202 (OR OR=1,31 OR13 (OR=1,3 503 0,503,12 05031 050 0,5 312 3,12 5 -0,50-3,1 p015 p=0,15 15 OR=0,91 OR09 (OR=0,9 801 0,801,02 08010 080 0,8 102 1,02 8 0,80-1,0 p0000 000 p<0,000 I262 6 I2=62,3 OR=0,95 661 0,661,24 06612 066 0,6 124 1,24 2 0,66-1,2 OR=0,92 761 0,761,08 07610 076 0,7 108 1,08 7 0,76-1,0 OR=0,87 OR08 (OR=0,8 381 0,381,02 03810 038 0,3 0,38-1,0 OR=1,00 OR10 (OR=1,0 821 0,821,17 08211 082 117 1,17 0,82-1,1 OR=1,07 921 0,921,22 09212 092 0,9 122 1,22 0,92-1,2 OR=1,14 OR11 (OR=1,1 911 0,911,37 09113 091 137 1,37 0,91-1,3 OR=1,3 OR1 (OR=1, 0,503,1 0503 05 0, 3,1 -0,50-3, p01 p=0,1 OR=0,9 OR0 (OR=0, 0,801,0 0801 10 1,0 0,80-1, p000 p<0,00 I26 I2=62, 0,661,2 0661 06 1,2 0,66-1, 0,761,0 0761 0,76-1, OR=0,8 0,381,0 0381 03 0,38-1, OR=1,0 0,821,1 0821 11 1,1 0,82-1, 0,921,2 0921 09 0,92-1, OR=1,1 0,911,3 0911 13 1,3 0,91-1, OR=1, (OR=1 0,503, 3, -0,50-3 p0 p=0, OR=0, (OR=0 0,801, 1, 0,80-1 p00 p<0,0 I2=62 0,661, 0,66-1 0,761, 0,76-1 0,381, 0,38-1 0,821, 0,82-1 0,921, 0,92-1 0,911, 0,91-1 OR=1 (OR= 0,503 -0,50- p=0 OR=0 0,801 0,80- p<0, I2=6 0,661 0,66- 0,761 0,76- 0,381 0,38- 0,821 0,82- 0,921 0,92- 0,911 0,91- OR= -0,50 p= p<0 I2= -0,5 p< -0, -0 -

Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods have been prepared using sodium bismuthate and Li acetate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the nanorods are composed of monoclinic Bi2O4 and cubic LiBi12O18.50 phases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation shows that the nanorods have the length and diameter of 1-5 µm and 50-350 nm, respectively. The formation of the Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods is closely relative to the hydrothermal conditions. The electrochemical performance for the determination of L-cysteine based on a Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been developed. The CV peak current increases obviously and linearly with increasing the scan rate. Under the optimal conditions, Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods modified GCE exhibits good analytical performance with good reproducibility and stability. The linear range of L-cysteine is 0.0001-2 mM and the detection limit is 0.36 µM and 0.17 µM for cvp1 and cvp2, respectively.

Manganese vanadate microtubes have been synthesized by a facile polyvinyl pyrrolidone-assisted hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms that the microtubes are composed of monoclinic MnV2O6, tetragonal V2O5 and orthorhombic MnO2 phases. The outer diameter and inner diameter of the microtubes are about 300 nm-3 µm and 200 nm-1 µm, respectively. The tube wall thickness of the microtubes is about 50 nm-1 µm. The possible formation process of the manganese vanadate microtubes has been proposed as a polyvinyl pyrrolidone-assisted growth mechanism.

Single crystalline Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires have been synthesized using CaO and GeO2 as the raw materials. Various factors that affect the formation and size of the Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires have been analyzed. The obtained products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the calcium germanate nanowires are composed of orthorhombic Ca2Ge7O16 phase with the length and diameter of several dozens of micrometers and about 50 nm, respectively. Hydrothermal temperature plays an important role on the formation and growth of the Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires. The formation process of the Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires is initially interpreted according to the shape evolution of the products obtained from different growth conditions.

Magnesium oxide and magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel (MAS) powders have been synthesized by a simple aqueous sol-gel process using citrate polymeric precursors derived from magnesium chloride, aluminium nitrate and citrate. The thermal decomposition of the precursors and subsequent formation of cubic MgO and MAS were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The single phase cubic MgO powder and MAS powder form after heat treatment at 800 and 1200 °C, respectively. The particle size of the MgO and MAS powders is about 100 nm and several micrometers, respectively. Ball milling eliminates the size of MgO and MgAl2O4 spinel powders by decreasing the conglomeration of the powders.