Este relato de caso descreve a evolução clínica de paciente comparacoccidioi-domicose sistêmica com manifestação linfática-intestinal.O paciente evoluiu inicialmente com melhora clínica acentuada erecrudescência após seis meses de uso de SMX-TMP pela via oral, com o surgimento de síndrome febril, dor lombar, e claudicação intermitente,caracterizando um abscesso bilateral do músculo íleopsoas, comnecessidade de terapêutica clínico-cirúrgica.

This case report shows the clinical development of a patient with systemic paracoccidioidomycosis presenting with lymphatic-intestinalmanifestation. The patient initially had a substantial clinical improvement but had a recrudescence after six months of sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim oral treatment, with the emergence of feverish syndrome, lumbar pain, and intermittent claudication, characterizing a bilateral iliopsoas muscle abscess, necessitating clinicosurgical therapeutics.

The levels of total of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were evaluated in 54 patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) before, during and after treatment using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Mexo and recombinant Pb27 (rPb27) as the antigens. Mexo was effective in distinguishing PCM patients from individuals in the negative control group (NC) based on total IgG and rPb27 performed worse than Mexo when these two groups were compared. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 could not be used to clearly distinguish PCM patients from those in the NC group using either antigen. There was no clear relationship between antibody levels and the period of treatment. The majority of patients presented with decreased antibody levels during treatment, with no statistically significant differences among the different periods of treatment. Only IgG4 presented a negative correlation between its levels and clinical improvement during treatment. In total, 65% of untreated PCM patients showed reactivity against IgG4 when the Mexo antigen was used and this reactivity decreased over the course of treatment. There was a tendency towards decreasing antibody levels during treatment, but these antibody levels did not necessarily clear after the treatment was stopped. Mexo was useful for PCM diagnosis using total IgG; however, more studies are necessary before this antigen can be used in measuring the levels of total IgG and its subclasses for monitoring patients during treatment.

Este trabalho objetiva a análise prospectiva das características clínicas e epidemiológicas que levam os pacientes adultos com HIV/AIDS a procurarem atendimento clínico de urgência em Pronto Atendimento do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Noventa e nove pacientes perfizeram 118 internações. A idade foi em média 39,4 anos. A relação homem e mulher foi de 1,35:1. O tempo desde o diagnóstico até a admissão situou-se de forma mais freqüente entre 0-5 anos em 40,4% dos casos. A terapêutica anti-retroviral era usada regularmente em 56,8% das admissões. A contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ foi inferior a 200 células/mm³ em 45,7% dos pacientes. As queixas mais freqüentes foram aumento da temperatura corpórea, diarréia, tosse e dispnéia. O aparelho respiratório foi o mais acometido. As doenças oportunistas mais freqüentes foram pneumocistose, pneumonia comunitária, síndrome diarréica, e candidiase oral. A demanda de internações de pacientes com HIV representou 2,8% das admissões, com tempo médio de permanência hospitalar de 4,6 dias. Os pacientes possuíam, em sua maioria, contagem de linfócitos TCD4+ baixa, quase metade não usava a terapia anti-retroviral altamente eficaz. Houve tendência à feminização. As doenças relacionadas à AIDS continuam sendo as mais freqüentes no nosso meio.

This study had the aim of prospectively analyzing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics that lead adult patients with HIV/AIDS to seek urgent medical care in the walk-in service of the teaching hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Over a one-year period, all admissions of adult patients with HIV were evaluated. There were 118 admissions involving 99 patients. Their mean age was 39.4 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.35:1. The length of time from diagnosis to admission was most frequently 0-5 years (40.4% of the cases). Antiretroviral therapy was being regularly used among 56.8% of the admissions. The T CD4+ lymphocyte count was less than 200 cells/mm³ in 45.7% of the patients. The most frequent complaints were increased body temperature, diarrhea, coughing and dyspnea. The respiratory tract was the region most affected. The most common opportunistic diseases were pneumocystosis, community-acquired pneumonia, diarrheal syndrome and oral candidiasis. The demand for admissions among HIV patients represented 2.8% of all admissions, with an average length of stay of 4.6 days. Most of the patients had low T CD4+ lymphocyte counts, and almost half of them were not taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. There was a tendency towards feminization. AIDS-related diseases continue to be the most frequent occurrences within our setting.

Symptomatic prostatic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a very rare condition; however, it may express as a typical benign prostatic hyperplasia or a simulating prostatic adenocarcinoma. This case report presents PCM mimicking prostatic adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this paper is to call the general physician's attention to this important differential diagnosis.

OBJETIVOS: Comparar aspectos clínicos, radiológicos e evolutivos de idosos internados com diagnóstico clínico de pneumonia comunitária, com ou sem confirmação radiológica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 141 pacientes com idade acima de 60 anos. RESULTADOS: Em 45 pacientes, os achados radiológicos corroboraram o diagnóstico clínico e, em 96 pacientes, a radiologia não foi compatível com a suspeita clínica. Os sinais, os sintomas, a terapêutica e os desfechos destes dois grupos foram comparados. Os achados do estudo sugerem que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos segundo os critérios analisados. A prevalência de radiografias de tórax compatíveis com pneumonia entre pacientes com suspeita clínica da doença foi de pouco mais de 30%. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico clínico de pneumonia comunitária tem baixa especificidade em idosos e deve ser usado com cautela. Devido ao pequeno número de pacientes estudados, mais estudos sobre o tema são necessários para confirmar os achados.

OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and radiological aspects, as well as aspects regarding the course of the disease, of elderly inpatients clinically diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, with or without radiological confirmation. METHODS: A total of 141 patients over the age of 60 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Radiological findings corroborated the clinical diagnosis in 45 patients, whereas, in 96 patients, radiology did not correlate with the clinical suspicion. The signs, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes of these two groups were compared. The findings of the study suggest that there were no significant differences between the groups according to the criteria analyzed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chest X-rays compatible with pneumonia in patients suspected of the disease was slightly higher than 30%. Having low specificity in the elderly, the clinical diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia should be used with caution. In view of the small number of patients studied, further studies on this topic are needed in order to confirm the findings.

Este estudo transversal foi realizado para avaliar acidentes com material biologicamente contaminado entre estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Foi aplicado um questionário individual de resposta espontânea e sigilosa, em 694 (43,4%) estudantes do quinto ao décimo segundo semestres do curso médico. Foram relatados 349 acidentes, com aumento progressivo de 33,9 até 52,3% entre os estudantes do quinto ao décimo primeiro períodos, respectivamente. Cerca de 63% dos acidentes foram com agulha ou objeto cortante; 18,3% afetando mucosas; 16,6% a pele; 1,7% simultaneamente a pele e a mucosa. Os contaminantes principais foram sangue (88,3%) e secreção vaginal (1,7%). As regiões do corpo mais freqüentemente afetadas foram as mãos (67%), olhos (18,9%), boca (1,7%) e outras (6,3%). Os procedimentos realizados no momento em que o acidente ocorreu foram sutura (34,1%), administração de anestesia (16,6%), participação em cirurgia como observador (8,9%), punção de veia com agulha (8,6%), observação de parto (6,3%) e outros (25,9%). O setor de biossegurança da instituição foi procurado por 49% dos acidentados para a busca de providências pertinentes à cada caso. Destes estudantes, 29,2% não receberam assistência médica considerada adequada e esclarecedora para sua situação. Cerca de 8 % dos estudantes receberam antiretrovirais, destes 86% descontinuaram o tratamento com o resultado do exame Elisa rápido feito no paciente fonte (VIH-negativo); 6,4% descontinuaram o tratamento devido aos efeitos colaterais das drogas usadas e 16% completaram corretamente o tratamento.

A survey was done to determine the most common hospital accidents with biologically contaminated material among students at the Medical College of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Six hundred and ninety-four students (between fifth and twelfth semesters of the college course) answered the questionnaire individually. Three-hundred and forty-nine accidents were reported. The accident rate was found to be 33.9% in the third semester of the course, and increased over time, reaching 52.3% in the last semester. Sixty-three percent of the accidents were needlestick or sharp object injuries; 18.3% mucous membrane exposure; 16.6% were on the skin, and 1.7% were simultaneously on the skin and mucous membrane exposure. The contaminating substances were: blood (88.3%), vaginal secretion (1.7%), and others (9.1%). The parts of the body most frequently affected were: hands (67%), eyes (18.9%), mouth (1.7%), and others (6.3%). The procedures being performed when the accidents occurred were: suture (34.1%), applying anesthesia (16.6%), assisting surgery (8.9%), disposing of needles (8.6%), assisting delivery (6.3%), and others (25.9%). Forty-nine percent of those involved reported the accident to the accident control department. Of these 29.2% did not receive adequate medical assistance. Eight percent of those involved used antiretroviral drugs and of these 86% discontinued the treatment on receiving the Elisa method applied to the patient (HIV-negative); 6.4% discontinued the treatment due to its side-effects; and 16% completed the treatment.

Através da análise de exames parasitológicos quantitativos seriados e da contagem de esquistossomos após perfusão em dois grupos de camundongos infectados com diferentes cargas de cercárias de Schistosoma mansoni, verificou-se a existência da estabilidade da eliminação de ovos e sua correlação com a carga parasitária na fase inicial da esquistossomose mansoni. Deste modo, pode-se afirmar que poucos exames parasitológicos de fezes quantitativos podem ser suficientes para traduzir a intensidade da infecção também na fase inicial , à semelhança do já demonstrado para a crônica. Além disto, comprova-se a adequação do uso do número de ovos eliminados nas fezes como expressão da carga parasitária na fase inicial da infecção esquistossomótica.

Stability of faecal egg excretion and correlation with results related to worm burden at the initial phase of schistosomiasis mansoni were observed in two groups of mice infected with different Schistosoma mansoni cercarial burdens, by means of analysis of quantitative parasitological studies and schistosome counts after perfusion. Thus, it may be stated that few quantitative parasitological stool examinations could be sufficient to express the infection intensity at the initial phase, on the same grounds that it was already demonstrated at the chronic phase. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the use of the number of eggs passed in the faeces as a tool to estimate the worm burden at the initial phase of schistosome infection is adequate.

A supra-renal foi estudada em 60pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose. Dentre eles, 10(16,7%) apresentavam alterações anatômicas ou funcionais das supra-renais. As lesões glandulares associaram-se à paracoccidioidomicose disseminada, com evolução da doença de pelo menos cinco anos sem tratamento e com hipotensão arterial sistêmica. Não houve associação entre alterações anatomoclínicas supra-renais e alterações raáiolôgicaspulmonares. Esses dados revelam a importância da avaliação sistemática da função supra-renal em portadores de formas disseminadas da paracoccidioidomicose.

Sixty patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) were studied, with special regard to adrenal involvement. Ten patients (16.7%) had adrenal ab-normalities associated with hypotension, a disseminated form of the disease and more than five years of evolution without treatment. No statistical association between adrenal anatomo-clinical alterations and radiological pulmonary abnormalities was observed. These data point out to the importance of systematic evaluation of adrenal function in patients with disseminated PCM.

Em 28,8% dos pacientes com esquistossomose mansoni tratados com oxamniquine ocorrem alterações radiológicas pulmonares caracterizadas por broncopneumonite (41%), pneumonite (35%), abaulamento do arco médio (17%) e congestão pulmonar (7%). As alterações são transitórias, com início até 3 dias após a terapêutica, em 50,7% regredindo em 15 dias, completa e espontaneamente. Predominam na faixa etária entre os 4 aos 12 anos, não dependem, de padrão radiológico pré-tratamento, cor, sexo, naturalidade ou fase/forma da doença. As alterações clínicas associadas às anormalidades radiológicas pós-tratamento são inexpressivas na forma aguda, toxêmica, enquanto na fase crônica surgem como estertores crepitantes e roncos. O encontro de eosinófilos no escarro até o décimo segundo dia após o tratamento correlaciona-se com o encontro de alterações radiológicas pulmonares pós-tratamento independentemente da fase/forma da doença.

Pulmonary alterations on X-rays werefound in 28.8% of patients with schistosomiasis mansoni infection post-treatment with oxamniquine. They comprised bronchopneumonitis (41%), pneumonitis (35%), prominent medium arc (17%), and pulmonary congestion (7%). These alterations were transitory starting within 3 days after treatment. In 51% of the cases spontaneous, often complete, recovery occurred in 15 days. They were more common in patients, 4 to 12 years of age and did not depend on the pre-treatment radiologic pattern, race, sex, origin norphase of the disease. In the chronic phase of the disease there were clinical manifestations (ronchi and rales) associated with the X-ray alterations, while in the acute, toxemic phase these were absent or mild. The presence of sputum eosinophils up to the 12th day post-treatment had a direct correlation with the appearance of X-ray abnormalities and did not depend on the phase or form of the disease.

Trinta e cinco pacientes com salmonelose septicêmica prolongada (SSP) foram selecionados para o estudo. Vinte (Grupo 1), foram tratados com a oxamniquine oral (15-20mg/kg de peso, dose única) e 15 (Grupo 2) com o cloranfenicol (50mg/kg de peso/15-20 dias). Realizaram-se exames clínico, laboratorial e radiológico antes e após o tratamento. Oito pacientes do Grupo 1 (40%) exibiram uma ou mais queixas após o tratamento. Exceção feita a um paciente que apresentou crise convulsiva, uma hora após a ingestão do medicamento, os demais efeitos colaterais foram de pouca importância. Não se observou efeito tóxico da oxamniquine à luz dos exames complementares realizados após o tratamento. Os pacientes do Grupo 2, não apresentaram qualquer manifestação que pudesse ser imputada ao cloranfenicol. No Grupo 1, 90% dos pacientes foram considerados curados e no Grupo 2, 93% também o foram. Os Autores concluem pela boa eficácia e baixa toxicidade da oxamniquine no tratamento da SSP.

Thirty-five patients with Prolonged Septicemic Salmonellosis were selected for this trial. Twenty patients (Group 1) were treated with a single oral dose of oxamniquine (15-20mg/kg body weight) and 15 (Group 2) were treated with cloramphenicol (50mg/kg body weight, for 15-20 days). Clinical, laboratory and radiological examinations were performed before and after treatment. Eight Group 1 patients (40%) presented one or more complaints after treatment. With the exception of one patient With seizures, one hour after taking oxamniquine, the others symptoms were unimportant. No toxic effects of oxamniquine were observed on laboratorial tests done after treatment. Group 2 patients did not present complaints related to cloramphenicol. In Group 1, 90% of the patients were cured, and in Group 2, 93% also were considered as cured. The Authors conclude that oral oxamniquine in the prescribed dosage has low toxicity and good therapeutic efficacy in patients with Prolonged Septicemic Salmonellosis.

Relata-se o caso de um paciente que após 2 a 3 semanas de contato infectante com cercárias desenvolveu quadro clínico e radiológico de broncopneumonite. O paciente não possuía infecção esquistossomótica anterior. Houve recuperação espontânea, sem seqüela em 20 dias e as alterações clínico- radiológicas foram interpretadas em associação à passagem de esquistossômulos pelos pulmões.

A clinical and radiological picture of bronchopneumonia was observed in a patient between the second and third weeks post-infection with cercariae of S. mansoni. There was a spontaneous recovery without sequelae in 20 days and the clinical and radiological alterations were interpreted as associated with the passage of schistosomulae through the lungs.

Em estudo duplo-cego observou-se que as alterações radiológicaspulmonares após tratamento com oxamniquine de pacientes com esquistossomose mansoni crônica associam-se com a presença de eosinófilos no escarro (p

In a double-blind study, thepost-oxamniquine X-ray pulmonary alterations were associated with sputum eosinophilia (p < 0.01). This suggests the occurrence of a hypersensitivity reaction in treated human schistosomiasis mansoni infections.

Dezoito crianças com esquistossomose mansoni foram tratadas com a oxamniquine (20mg/kg de peso, dose únicaj e acompanhadas até o 22? mês pós-tratamento com 22 exames de fezes e uma biópsia retal no último mês. Dos 16 pacientes curados, cinco (31,3%), não apresentaram qualquer tipo de ovo na biópsia retal, 11 (68,7%), apresentaram ovos calcificados, oito (50%), ovos "recém-mortos" e três (18,8%), granulomas. Para observar a dinâmica de desaparecimento de ovos dos tecidos, 31 camundongos, foram infectados com 100 cercárias de S. mansoni e após 45 dias, tratados com drogas sabidamente esquistossomicidas. Os camundongos foram sacrificados 30, 90, 180, 260 e 400 dias após o tratamento. Observou-se diminuição progressiva dos ovos mortos nos fragmentos de intestino dos animais sacrificados, mas cerca de um ano após o tratamento os ovos hemitransparentes, calcificados, cascas e granulomas ainda foram encontrados. 0 encontro apenas destes elementos, fala a favor da cura parasitológica.

Eighteen children with schistosomiasis mansoni were treated with oxamniquine (20mg/kg body weight, single oral dose) and follow-up was continued for twenty two months post-treatment, with twenty two stool examinations and one rectal biopsy in the last month. From 16 children considered as cured, the results of the oogram in the rectal snips revealed in 5 (31.3%), no eggs; in 11 (68.7%), calcified eggs; in 8 (50%), "recent-dead" eggs and in 3 (18.8%), granulomas. To study the dynamics of disappearance of S. mansoni eggs in the tissues, 31 white mices were infected with 100 S. mansoni cercariae and after 45 days treated with an association of known schistosomicidal drugs. The animals were sacrificed 30, 90, 180, 260 and 400 days after treatment and ileal fragments were microscopically examined and oograms were performed. A significant decrease in the number of dead eggs was observed, and after one year post-treatment only semi transparents, shells and calcified eggs as well as granulomas were still found. The finding of those types of eggs alone is a strong evidence of parasitological cure.