ABSTRACT The pear tree (Pyrus spp.) is a fruit tree of temperate climate, so it needs a certain number of hours under cold temperatures to overcome its natural dormancy. It can be cultivated in the tropics, but few regions have cold enough winters to overcome the natural dormancy of pear trees. For this purpose, it is necessary to select cultivars with less need for cold conditions combined with the use of bud-inducing to sprouting and flowering products. This study aimed to test doses of hydrogenated cyanamide (Dormex) to break dormancy and induce bud sprouting in different pear cultivars under subtropical conditions. The branches of five pear tree cultivars, ‘Cascatense’, ‘Primorosa’, ‘Seleta’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’, and ‘William’s’, were sprayed with Dormex (a commercial product containing 52% hydrogen cyanamide, CH2N2) at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5% or with water (control). The trees were evaluated at two, four, six, eight, 10, and 12 weeks after the application of the treatments in two consecutive years. The European pear trees ‘William’s’ and ‘Packham’s Triumph’ showed low budding rates compared to hybrid pear trees. Hybrid pear showed better performance in subtropical regions, with higher budding rates, than European pear. CH2N2 efficiently induces bud sprouting of pear, with especially 4 and 5% Dormex. Pyrus spp. spp climate tropics purpose budinducing inducing products (Dormex ‘Cascatense, Cascatense ‘Cascatense , ‘Cascatense’ ‘Primorosa, Primorosa ‘Primorosa ‘Primorosa’ ‘Seleta, Seleta ‘Seleta ‘Seleta’ ‘Packhams Packhams ‘Packham s Packham Triumph, Triumph ‘Williams, Williams ‘William William 52 CHN CH N 1 2 3 5 control. control . (control) four six eight 10 years ‘Williams ‘William’s CH2N (control

ABSTRACT Increasing orchard density is an alternative approach for enhancing productivity of the fig tree. In addition to promoting better utilization of productive areas, increased density allows for the optimization of plant management. In some situations, it may be necessary to alter the pruning system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the practices of reducing spacing and lopping shoots enhance green fig production for industrial purposes. The research was conducted in southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil (21°14’S and 45°00’W, 918 m in height) in an area with a tropical highland climate. A 3 × 2 factorial scheme was adopted, with three different plant spacings (0.50, 0.75, or 1 m, totaling plant densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 fig trees per hectare, respectively), and plants were managed with and without the lopping of productive shoots. The spacing between planting rows was standardized to 2.5 m. Two productive shoots were retained on all trees. In the lopping treatment, after the emergence of the 16th leaf, the shoot was topped (i.e., the apical bud was removed), and two new shoots were selected per productive shoot. Additional loppings were performed later, always after the emergence of the sixth leaf, totaling three loppings. Data were collected from each plot, which consisted of three useful plants, during two production cycles. It was concluded that smaller spacings decreased production per plant, but they increased green fig productivity. Lopping productive shoots increased fruit weight, the number of fruits per plant, and fig production. tree areas management situations system purposes State 21°14S 2114S S 21°14 21 14 45°00W, 4500W W 45°00 W, 45 00 45°00’W 91 height climate adopted 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 075 75 0.75 8000 8 000 8,000 5333 5 333 5,333 4000 4 4,00 hectare respectively, respectively , respectively) 25 2. treatment th leaf i.e., ie i e (i.e. removed, removed removed) later plot cycles weight 14S 2114 21°1 00W 45°00W 4500 45°0 9 0.50 05 (0.5 07 7 0.7 800 8,00 533 33 5,33 400 4,0 i.e. (i.e 211 21° 450 45° 0.5 (0. 0. 80 8,0 53 5,3 40 4, i.e (0 8, 5, (

Abstract Pitaya production has been expanding in several regions of Brazil despite the lack of technical information on plant management. To obtain good crop productivity, weed control is essential; however, the use of herbicides can cause phytotoxicity and reduce plant growth and production. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the tolerance of red (Selenicereus polyrhizus) and white (S. undatus) pitaya seedlings to different herbicides applied after emergence. Two experiments were installed, one with red pitaya and the another with white pitaya, on August 15, 2020 in the Fruit Production Sector of the Federal University of Lavras. Experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four and three replicates, respectively, eight treatments and three plants per plot in both experiments. Treatments consisted of control, fomesafen, ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, clethodim, carfentrazone-ethyl, imazethapyr and chlorimuron. Visual phytotoxicity symptoms were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after herbicide application. At 30 and 60 days after application, percentage of necrosis, cladode length and number of new shoots were evaluated. Herbicide fomesafen caused greater damage to red pitaya seedlings and fomesafen and glyphosate caused greater damage to white pitaya seedlings. For both pitaya species, herbicide clethodim can be an alternative for controlling narrow-leaf weeds without causing visual damage to the growth and development of pitaya plants. management productivity essential however Thus Selenicereus polyrhizus S. S (S undatus emergence installed 15 202 Lavras design replicates respectively glufosinate carfentrazoneethyl, carfentrazoneethyl carfentrazone ethyl, ethyl carfentrazone-ethyl chlorimuron 7 14 2 application 3 6 necrosis species narrowleaf narrow leaf 1 20

Resumo A produção de pitaia vem-se expandindo em várias regiões do Brasil apesar da carência de informações técnicas sobre o manejo das plantas. Para obter boa produtividade na cultura, o controle de plantas daninhas é fundamental; porém, o uso de herbicidas pode causar fitotoxicidade e redução do crescimento e da produção das plantas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar atolerância de mudas de pitaia de polpa vermelha (Selenicereus polyrhizus) e polpa branca (S.undatus) a diferentes herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência. Foram instalados doisexperimentos: um com pitaia-vermelha e outro com pitaia-branca, em 15 de agosto de 2020, no Setor de Fruticultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Os experimentos foramdispostos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro e três repetições, respectivamente, oito tratamentos e três plantas por parcela, em ambos os experimentos. Ostratamentos foram constituídos por testemunha, fomesafem, glufosinato de amônio, glifosato,cletodim, carfentrazona-etílica, imazetapir e clorimurom. Foram avaliados sintomas visuais defitotoxicidade aos 7; 14; 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas. Aos 30 e 60 dias após a aplicação,avaliaram-se a porcentagem de necrose, comprimento dos cladódios e o número de brotos novos. O herbicida fomesafem causou maiores danos às mudas depitaia-vermelha,e fomesafem e glifosato causaram maiores danos às mudas de pitaia-branca. Paraambas as espécies de pitaias, o herbicida cletodim pode ser uma alternativa paracontrole de plantas daninhas de folha estreita sem provocar danos visuais no crescimento e nodesenvolvimento das plantas de pitaia. vemse vem se cultura fundamental porém Assim Selenicereus polyrhizus S.undatus Sundatus S undatus (S.undatus pósemergência. pósemergência pós emergência. emergência pós-emergência doisexperimentos pitaiavermelha pitaiabranca, pitaiabranca branca, pitaia-branca 1 2020 Lavras casualizados repetições respectivamente parcela testemunha amônio glifosatocletodim glifosato,cletodim carfentrazonaetílica, carfentrazonaetílica carfentrazona etílica, etílica carfentrazona-etílica clorimurom 7 14 2 3 6 aplicação,avaliaramse aplicaçãoavaliaramse aplicação,avaliaram avaliaram necrose novos depitaiavermelha,e depitaiavermelhae depitaia vermelha,e pitaiabranca. branca. pitaias 202 avaliaramse aplicaçãoavaliaram depitaiavermelha vermelhae 20

Abstract The objective of this work was to quantify peach (Prunus persica) tree production in the Y-training and open-vase management systems, subjected to three summer pruning methods. The experiment was set up in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two management systems and three summer pruning methods (no summer pruning, summer pruning, and branch bending). The plants were arranged in two spacings: 1.5×5.0 m for the Y-training system, with 1,334 plants per hectare; and 4.0×5.0 m for open-vase system, with 500 plants per hectare. In the early summer of 2019, summer pruning was performed, being repeated in the three following years. In the branch bending treatment, new branches were twisted manually until reaching an angle of 110°. In the treatment without summer pruning, the branches were not removed. The Y-training system increases peach production. The methods of branch bending in summer and no prunning in summer provide an equivalent peach production, whereas the summer pruning treatment results in the lowest production. Prunus persica Ytraining Y training openvase open vase x 2x arrangement bending. . bending) spacings 1550 1 5 0 1.5×5. 1334 334 1,33 hectare 4050 4 4.0×5. 50 2019 performed years 110 110° removed 155 1.5×5 133 33 1,3 405 4.0×5 201 11 15 1.5× 13 3 1, 40 4.0× 20 1.5 4.0 2 1. 4.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a produção de frutos de pessegueiros (Prunus persica) sob os sistemas de manejo Y e vaso aberto, sujeitos a três métodos de poda de verão. O experimento foi instalado em arranjo fatorial 2×3, com dois sistemas de manejo e três métodos de poda de verão (sem poda de verão, poda de verão e dobramento de galhos). As plantas foram dispostas em dois espaçamentos: 1,5×5,0 m para o sistema Y, com 1.334 plantas por hectare; e 4,0×5,0 m para o sistema vaso aberto, com 500 plantas por hectare. No início do verão de 2019, foram realizadas as podas de verão, que foram repetidas nos três anos consecutivos. No tratamento dobramento de galhos, os ramos novos foram torcidos manualmente até atingirem o ângulo de 110°. Já no tratamento sem poda de verão, os ramos não foram retirados. O sistema Y aumenta a produção de pêssego. Os tratamentos dobramento de galhos no verão e sem poda de verão proporcionam equivalente produção de pêssego, enquanto o tratamento poda de verão resulta na menor produção. Prunus persica aberto 23 2 3 2×3 galhos. . galhos) espaçamentos 1550 1 5 0 1,5×5, 1334 334 1.33 hectare 4050 4 4,0×5, 50 2019 consecutivos 110 110° retirados pêssego 2× 155 1,5×5 133 33 1.3 405 4,0×5 201 11 15 1,5× 13 1. 40 4,0× 20 1,5 4,0 1, 4,

Abstract The objective this work was to evaluate the productive performance of fig tree cultivars in the production of green figs for industrialization in Brazil. The Brunswick, Mini Figo, Troyano, Roxo de Valinhos, Bêbara Branca, Lemon, Três Num Prato, and Pingo de Mel fig tree cultivars were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, with four blocks and eight treatments (fig tree cultivars) at a spacing of 3.0×1.5 m (2,222 plants per hectare). The experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024). Plants were pruned during dormancy. After bud break, two secondary lateral shoots were maintained (12 productive shoots). Green figs were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant (kg) and estimated yield (Mg ha−1) were calculated for each growing season, as well as fruit dimensions, shoot length and final mass, and harvest duration. The cultivars showed differences in their productive performance. Cultivar Troyano yielded the greatest quantity of fruits and provided a greater production and estimated yield. Brazil Brunswick Figo Valinhos Branca Lemon Prato evaluated 3015 3 0 1 5 3.0×1. 2,222 2222 2 222 (2,22 hectare. hectare . hectare) 2022/2023 20222023 2022 2023 (2022/202 2023/2024. 20232024 2023/2024 2024 2023/2024) dormancy break 12 (1 shoots. shoots) week quantified kg (kg Mg ha−1 ha1 ha season dimensions mass duration 301 3.0×1 2,22 22 (2,2 2022/202 2022202 202 (2022/20 2023202 2023/202 ( ha− 30 3.0× 2,2 (2, 2022/20 202220 20 (2022/2 202320 2023/20 3.0 2, (2 2022/2 20222 (2022/ 20232 2023/2 3. 2022/ (2022 2023/ (202 (20

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de cultivares de figueira na produção de figos verdes para a industrialização no Brasil. As cultivares de figo Brunswick, Mini Figo, Troyano, Roxo de Valinhos, Bêbara Branca, Lemon, Três num Prato e Pingo de Mel foram avaliadas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e oito tratamentos (cultivares de figueira), no espaçamento de 3,0×1,5 m (2.222 plantas por hectare). O experimento foi conduzido durante duas estações de crescimento (2022/2023 e 2023/2024). As plantas foram podadas no período de dormência. Após o início da brotação, foram conservadas duas brotações secundárias por haste lateral (12 hastes produtivas). Os figos verdes foram colhidos duas vezes por semana, tendo-se quantificado o número total de frutos por colheita e o peso total de colheita por planta. Foram calculadas a produção média por planta (kg) e a produtividade estimada (Mg ha−1) para cada estação de crescimento, bem como as dimensões dos frutos, o comprimento e a massa final das hastes, e a duração da colheita. As cultivares apresentaram diferenças no seu desempenho produtivo. A cultivar Troyano foi a que produziu maior quantidade de frutos e propiciou maior produção e produtividade estimada. Brasil Brunswick Figo Valinhos Branca Lemon avaliadas acaso figueira, , figueira) 3015 3 0 1 5 3,0×1, 2.222 2222 2 222 (2.22 hectare. hectare . hectare) 2022/2023 20222023 2022 2023 (2022/202 2023/2024. 20232024 2023/2024 2024 2023/2024) dormência brotação 12 (1 produtivas. produtivas produtivas) semana tendose tendo se kg (kg Mg ha−1 ha1 ha 301 3,0×1 2.22 22 (2.2 2022/202 2022202 202 (2022/20 2023202 2023/202 ( ha− 30 3,0× 2.2 (2. 2022/20 202220 20 (2022/2 202320 2023/20 3,0 2. (2 2022/2 20222 (2022/ 20232 2023/2 3, 2022/ (2022 2023/ (202 (20

ABSTRACT Mozambique is a country located in the southwest of the African continent. The country has great climatic diversity. The tropical monsoon (Am), tropical savanna (Aw), hot semiarid (BSh), and humid subtropical (Cwa and Cfa) and subtropical highland (Cwb) climates stand out. The regions classified a subtropical have climatic potential for the rational exploitation low and medium chill requirement of peach trees. There are already technologies for the cultivation of peach trees in subtropical regions in Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify the zoning of suitable areas and provide bases for the establishment and expansion of peach cultivation in Mozambique. Meteorological data from 108 stations and the geotechnological tool ArcGIS 10.1 were used to spatialize temperature, rainfall, and humidity data and then reclassify them for the generation of maps using the Geostatistical Analyst extension. In parallel, maps of mean annual temperatures and climate classification were used. Regions in the subtropical areas of Mozambique with suitable temperature and rainfall are viable for peach plantations. The results showed the Northwest, Central and South regions is more suitable for the economic exploitation of peaches trees. continent diversity Am, Am , (Am) Aw, Aw (Aw) BSh, BSh (BSh) Cwa Cfa Cwb (Cwb out Brazil 10 101 1 10. extension parallel plantations Northwest (Am (Aw (BSh

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silício (Si) sobre o cultivo e a qualidade de framboesa (Rubus idaeus). O experimento consistiu de sete tratamentos e quatro blocos em região de clima subtropical. Cada parcela foi composta de três vasos com uma muda da framboeseira 'Batum'. Em cada vaso, o tratamento consistiu de doses de Si a 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 ou 1600 mg dm-3, que foram aplicadas ao solo 15 dias após o transplante das mudas. As análises de campo foram realizadas pela medição de clorofilas a e b, potencial hídrico e produção. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à cor, firmeza, taxa respiratória, sólidos solúveis e pH. A adubação com Si estimula o aumento do número de frutos e da produção de framboesa por planta. O silício promove o aumento da produção e a firmeza dos frutos, no entanto, reduz o potencial hídrico e a taxa de respiração. (Si Rubus idaeus. idaeus . idaeus) subtropical Batum. Batum 'Batum' vaso 0 50 100 200 400 80 160 dm3, dm3 dm 3, 3 dm-3 1 mudas b cor respiratória pH planta entanto respiração 'Batum 5 10 20 40 8 16 dm- 2 4

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on the cultivation and quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus). The experiment consisted of seven treatments and four blocks located in a subtropical region. Each plot consisted of three pots with one seedling of 'Batum' raspberry. In each pot, the treatment consisted of Si doses at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg dm-3, which were applied to the soil 15 days after the transplanting of the seedlings. Field analyses were performed by measuring chlorophyll a and b, water potential, and production. Fruit were analyzed for color, firmness, respiratory rate, soluble solids, and pH. Fertilization with Si stimulates the increase of fruit number and of the raspberry production per plant. The Si application increases the fruit production and fruit firmness; however, it reduces the water potential and respiration rate. (Si Rubus idaeus. idaeus . idaeus) region Batum 'Batum pot 0 50 100 200 400 800 160 dm3, dm3 dm 3, 3 dm-3 1 seedlings b color firmness rate solids pH plant however 5 10 20 40 80 16 dm- 2 4 8

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo da poda das cultivares de amoreira-preta BRS Tupy e Brazos, para prolongar sua época de colheita e produtividade de frutos. O experimento foi realizado em uma região subtropical de altitude, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os arbustos foram conduzidos em espaçamento 3.0x0.5 m. Os tratamentos consistiram das seguintes quatro épocas de poda: uma poda convencional, com supressão das hastes produzidas em fevereiro e redução das hastes em julho; e três podas drásticas realizadas nas primeiras duas semanas de janeiro, março e maio, com aplicação de ureia a 10% e cianamida hidrogenada a 3% cinco meses depois. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x4, com duas cultivares e quatro manejos de podas, com quatro blocos. A fenologia, a produção e a qualidade físico-química das frutas foram avaliadas em dois ciclos produtivos. É possível estender a época da colheita da amora preta para cinco meses, na região subtropical de altitude de Lavras, no estado de Minas Gerais, com poda drástica em janeiro e sem irrigação. A poda drástica em janeiro ou março aumenta a produção das cultivares de amora-preta BRS Tupy e Brazos. O período prolongado de colheita não afeta a qualidade das amoras e não cria desafios para as operações de colheita. amoreirapreta amoreira Brazos frutos Gerais Brasil 30x05 x 3 0x0 5 3.0x0. m convencional julho maio 10 depois acaso 2x4 fenologia físicoquímica físico química produtivos Lavras irrigação amorapreta 30x0 0x 3.0x0 1 2x 30x 3.0x

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the pruning management of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars, in order to extend their harvest seasonality and fruit yield. The experiment was performed in an altitude subtropical region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bushes were grown at 3.0x0.5 m spacing. The treatments consisted of the four following pruning seasons: one conventional pruning, with suppression of the produced stems in February and reduction of the stems in July; and three drastic pruning performed in the first two weeks of January, March, and May, with the application of 10% urea and 3% hydrogenated cyanamide five months later. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, with two cultivars and four pruning managements, with four blocks. Fruit phenology, yield, and physicochemical quality were evaluated in two production cycles. It is possible to extend the harvest season of blackberry up to five months, in an altitude subtropical region in Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with drastic pruning in January and no irrigation. Drastic pruning in January or March increases the yield of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars. The extended harvest season does not affect the quality of blackberries and does not create challenges for harvesting operations. Gerais Brazil 30x05 x 3 0x0 5 3.0x0. spacing seasons July May 10 later blocks 2x arrangement managements phenology cycles Lavras irrigation operations 30x0 0x 3.0x0 1 30x 3.0x

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a diversidade genética, o rendimento e a qualidade de frutos de genótipos de caquizeiros cultivados nos trópicos, para selecionar materiais genéticos promissores. A extração de DNA foi realizada em folhas jovens de 19 genótipos de caqui. Para a caracterização pomológica, foram selecionados 15 genótipos. Para cada genótipo, 50 frutos foram colhidos pela manhã, no estágio de maturidade fisiológica, para determinar os seguintes parâmetros: características físico-químicas; e as variáveis produtivas número de frutos por planta, massa de matéria fresca média dos frutos, produtividade média e produtividade média estimada, em duas safras. Vinte marcadores SSR foram testados, dos quais 12 foram selecionados para avaliar a similaridade genética, o que permitiu a identificação de grupos distintos. O valor médio de diversidade genética encontrado foi 0,41, o que é indicativo de baixa diversidade entre os genótipos de caqui analisados. Os genótipos 'Guiombo', 'Iapar 125', 'Kakimel', 'Mikado RJ', 'Rama Forte Tardio' e 'Taubaté' apresentam alta produtividade. Os genótipos classificados como sendo de polinização constante adstringente ('Pomelo', 'Regina', 'Rubi' e 'Taubaté') e os classificados como sendo de polinização variante adstringente ('Rama Forte', 'Guiombo' e 'Cereja') são materiais com potencial para uso em programas de seleção e melhoramento genético, devido às suas excelentes características físico-químicas de fruta. A investigação por meio de marcadores moleculares é uma abordagem eficiente para estudar a diversidade genética de genótipos de caquizeiro cultivados nos trópicos. trópicos promissores 1 pomológica genótipo 5 manhã fisiológica parâmetros físicoquímicas físico químicas planta estimada safras testados distintos 041 0 41 0,41 analisados Guiombo, Guiombo , Iapar 125, 125 125' Kakimel, Kakimel 'Kakimel' Mikado RJ, RJ RJ' Rama Tardio Taubaté 'Taubaté Pomelo, Pomelo ('Pomelo' Regina, Regina 'Regina' Rubi 'Rubi Forte, Forte' 'Guiombo Cereja 'Cereja' genético fruta 04 4 0,4 'Kakimel ('Pomelo 'Regina 'Cereja 0,

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the genetic diversity, yield, and fruit quality of persimmon genotypes grown in the tropics, in order to select promising genetic materials. DNA extraction was performed on young leaves of 19 persimmon genotypes. For pomological characterization, 15 genotypes were selected. From each genotype, 50 fruit at the physiological maturity stage were harvested in the morning, in order to determine the following parameters: physicochemical characteristics; and the productive variables number of fruit per plant, average fruit fresh mass, average yield, and estimated average yield in two seasons. Twenty SSR markers were tested, out of which 12 were selected to evaluate genetic similarity, which allowed of the identification of distinct groups. The mean genetic diversity value found was 0.41, which is an indicative of low diversity among the analyzed persimmon genotypes. The 'Guiombo', 'Iapar 125', 'Kakimel', 'Mikado RJ', 'Rama Forte Tardio', and 'Taubaté' genotypes show a high yield. The genotypes classified as pollination-constant astringent ('Pomelo', 'Regina', 'Rubi', and 'Taubaté') and those classified as pollination-variant astringent ('Rama Forte', 'Guiombo', and 'Cereja') are potential materials for selection and genetic breeding programs due to their excellent fruit physicochemical characteristics. The investigation through molecular markers is an efficient approach to study the genetic diversity of persimmon genotypes grown in the tropics. tropics 1 characterization genotype 5 morning parameters characteristics plant mass seasons tested similarity groups 041 0 41 0.41 Guiombo, Guiombo , 'Guiombo' Iapar 125, 125 125' Kakimel, Kakimel 'Kakimel' Mikado RJ, RJ RJ' Rama Tardio, Tardio Tardio' Taubaté 'Taubaté pollinationconstant pollination constant Pomelo, Pomelo ('Pomelo' Regina, Regina 'Regina' Rubi, Rubi 'Rubi' pollinationvariant variant Forte, Forte' Cereja 'Cereja' 04 4 0.4 'Guiombo 'Kakimel ('Pomelo 'Regina 'Rubi 'Cereja 0.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da diminuição do espaçamento entre figueiras 'Roxo de Valinhos' (Ficus carica) com diferentes números de ramos produtivos na produção de figos verdes. As figueiras, com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos, foram distribuídas em quatro blocos, com espaçamento padrão de 2,5 m entre linhas, espaçamentos entre plantas na linha de 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 m, e densidades de 8.000, 5.333 e 4.000 plantas por hectare. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois ciclos (2020/2021 e 2021/2022). Os frutos verdes foram colhidos duas vezes por semana, tendo-se quantificado o número total de frutos por colheita e o peso total de colheita por planta. A produção média por planta e a produtividade estimada foram calculadas para cada ciclo de avaliação. A diminuição do espaçamento entre as figueiras aumenta a sua produtividade. O espaçamento de 0,50 m diminui a produção por planta, mas aumenta a produtividade em 73%. Não há diferença na produção de figos verdes entre as figueiras com dois ou quatro ramos produtivos. Roxo Valinhos Ficus carica blocos 25 2 5 2, linhas 050 0 50 075 75 0,7 100 1 00 1,0 8000 8 000 8.000 5333 333 5.33 4000 4 4.00 hectare 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) semana tendose tendo se avaliação 0,5 73 73% 05 07 7 0, 10 1, 800 8.00 533 33 5.3 400 4.0 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 80 8.0 53 3 5. 40 4. 2020/20 202020 20 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 8. 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 2020/ (2020 2021/ (202 (20 (2 (

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of decreased spacing between 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig (Ficus carica) trees with different numbers of fruiting branches on green fig production. Fig trees, with two or four fruiting branches, were distributed in four blocks, at a standard spacing of 2.5 m between rows, three spacing between plants in a row (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m), and densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 plants per hectare. The experiment was conducted during two cycles (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Green fruits were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant and the estimated yield were calculated for each evaluation cycle. Decreasing the spacing between fig trees increases their yield. The spacing of 0.50 m decreases production per plant, but increases yield in 73%. There is no difference in the production of green figs between trees with two or four fruiting branches. Roxo Valinhos Ficus carica blocks 25 2 5 2. rows 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 075 75 0.75 100 1 00 1.0 m, , m) 8000 8 000 8,000 5333 333 5,333 4000 4 4,00 hectare 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) week quantified cycle 0.5 73 73% 05 (0.5 07 7 0.7 10 1. 800 8,00 533 33 5,33 400 4,0 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 0. (0. 80 8,0 53 3 5,3 40 4, 2020/20 202020 20 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 (0 8, 5, 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 ( 2020/ (2020 2021/ (202 (20 (2

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to select pear cultivars with production stability for the environmental conditions in the tropics. The design was in randomized blocks with 11 cultivars of pear, four replications and plots consisting of four plants. Between 2015 and 2019, the phenological were evaluated based on the beginning, full bloom, end and duration of flowering and harvest. The number and average fruit mass, yield per plant and estimated yield were also quantified. In the last year of evaluation, the quality of the fruits was quantified through the length and average diameter of the fruits, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content and total soluble solids / total titratable acidity ratio. The data were submitted to the Scott–Knott grouping test and to quantify the divergence between cultivars was used the genetic distance. After detecting significant interaction between genotypes × environments, phenotypic stability of pear cultivars were analyzed by GGE Biplot methods for the estimated yield variable. The ‘Tenra’, ‘Triunfo’ and ‘Seleta’ cultivars are the most suitable for cultivation in regions with subtropical altitude climate. They are genetically similar, more adapted and stable, and have full or partial synchronized flowering for satisfactory productivity. tropics 1 plants 201 2019 beginning bloom harvest mass evaluation ratio ScottKnott Scott Knott distance environments variable ‘Tenra, Tenra ‘Tenra , ‘Tenra’ ‘Triunfo Triunfo ‘Seleta Seleta climate similar stable productivity 20 2

Abstract Temperate fruit species, originate from regions with cold winters and well-defined climatic seasons. These fruits are also produced in subtropical and tropical regions. The aim of this study was to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of different fruit cultivars from fruit trees of temperate climate, such as peach, pear, quince, and fig, able to be produced in subtropic regions. Analyzes of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and ascorbic acid were carried out. In peaches, ‘Biuti’ had the highest phenolic content, and ‘Bonão’ stood out in relation of antioxidant activity (ABTS) and ascorbic acid. For quinces, 'Lageado' had higher phenolic content, ‘Provence’ and ‘CTS’ showed higher antioxidant activity (ABTS), and ‘Alaranjado’ stood out in relation of antioxidant activity (DPPH). ‘Fuller’, ‘Smyrna’ and ‘Portugal’ are the ones with the highest levels of ascorbic acid. In pears, ‘Seleta’ showed the highest phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and ascorbic acid. ‘Centenaria’ presented the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS). In figs, ‘Três num Prato’, ‘Lemon’ and ‘Brunswick’ had the highest ascorbic acid content. ‘Três num prato’ and ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity consecutively. It was found that cultivars of these evaluated fruits showed great variability, even under similar conditions.

Resumo A fruticultura tem grande importância no agronegócio brasileiro, pois o País é o terceiro maior produtor mundial de frutas. Apesar dessa notabilidade, o mercado de frutas apresenta entraves especialmente relacionados ao comércio internacional. Assim, o presente trabalho buscou determinar o posicionamento e a evolução do Brasil frente ao mercado internacional de frutas in natura. Os dados para a pesquisa foram obtidos a partir da Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (FAO) (1986 a 2017) e Banco Mundial (2018), utilizando métricas de fluxo de exportação, quantidade e renda dos países em questão, relacionados às principais frutas exportadas pelo Brasil no primeiro trimestre de 2020. Os dados foram manipulados, transformados em figuras e grafos para melhor visualização das informações. O posicionamento do Brasil no ranking de exportação de frutas in natura mostrou-se pouco dinâmico durante o período avaliado, sendo dependente da demanda de países europeus de renda alta.

Abstract The fruit growing activity is of great importance for Brazilian agribusiness as the country is the third largest fruit producer in the world. Despite this notability, the fruit market presents obstacles especially related to international trade. Thus, the present study sought to determine the positioning and evolution of Brazil in the international fresh fruit market. Data used in the research were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1986 to 2017) and the World Bank (2018), using metrics of export flow, quantity and income of countries related to the main fruits exported by Brazil in the first quarter of 2020. Data were manipulated, transformed into figures and graphs for better visualization of information. The Brazilian position in the in the ranking of fresh fruit exports was not very dynamic during the evaluation period, being dependent on the demand from high-income European countries.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com o presente experimento, avaliar a produção de hastes porta-borbulha e a viabilidade de suas borbulhas nas variedades de laranjeira ‘Valência’ e ‘Pera’ em sistema hidropônico. Usou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, arranjado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo duas variedades copa foram às laranjeiras ‘Valência’ e ‘Pera’ enxertadas sob o limoeiro Cravo, e três sistemas de condução: haste única, duas e três hastes, com três repetições 10 plantas por parcela. Determinou-se o tempo transcorrido entre a poda de ramificação a 40 cm, e a primeira colheita de hastes porta-borbulha, bem como o tempo entre cada colheita, por 12 meses, mensurando-se ainda o número de borbulhas na porção mediana dos ramos, bem como a percentagem de borbulhas viáveis de cada sistema de condução, a qual foi determinada após realização de enxertia tipo T invertido em porta enxertos de limão ‘Cravo’ e a constatação do sucesso de tal operação. A produção de plantas borbulheiras de citros em sistema hidropônico é viável.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the production of budstocks and the viability of the buds of the ‘Valencia’ and ‘Pera’ orange tree varieties in a hydroponic system. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. The two orange varieties were grafted onto the Rangpur lime tree with three leading systems (single stem, two stems, and three stems) and three replications of 10 plants per plot. The time that elapsed between pruning the stems at 40 cm and the first collection, as well as the time between each harvest were determined. The number of buds in the median part of the stems and percentage of viable buds in each leading system were also measured. This was determined after performing inverted T budding on the Rangpur lime tree rootstocks and verifying that the procedure was successful. The production of citrus plant budstocks is feasible in a hydroponic system.

RESUMO: O cultivo de ameixeira é amplamente difundido nas zonas temperadas. No Brasil, a exploração desta fruteira se estende desde as regiões mais frias do Rio Grande do Sul até o sul de Minas Gerais. No entanto, as cultivares exploradas nas regiões subtropicais são escassas devido a trabalhos de competição. O presente trabalho objetivou-se selecionar cultivares produtivas de ameixas e adaptadas às condições subtropicais brasileiras. Para isso, foram utilizadas as ameixeiras ‘Fla 87-7’, ‘Gema de Ouro’, ‘Grancoure’, ‘Harry Pickstone’, ‘Januária’, ‘Santa Rosa’ e ‘Satsuma’, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto ‘Okinawa’ e avaliadas por dois ciclos no município de Lavras, MG. Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento fenológico; atributos físico-químicos das frutas; número médio de frutas por planta; massa média das frutas e produtividade estimada em cada cultivar. Conclui-se que as ameixeiras ‘Januária’ e ‘Grancoure’ são as mais promissoras para regiões subtropicais, principalmente, pelo volume de frutas produzidas e qualidade das frutas.

ABSTRACT: Plum growing is widespread in temperate zones. In Brazil, the exploitation of this fruit tree is extended from the colder regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul to the south of the state of Minas Gerais. However, cultivars exploited at subtropical regions are scarce due to competition. The present study aimed to select productive cultivars of plums adapted to Brazilian subtropical conditions. In this respect, the plum cultivars ‘Fla 87-7’, ‘Gema de Ouro’, ‘Grancoure’, ‘Harry Pickstone’, ‘Januária’, ‘Santa Rosa’ and ‘Satsuma’ were grafted on the ‘Okinawa’ rootstock ‘and evaluated by two cycles in the municipality of Lavras, MG, Brazil. The phenological development, physical and chemical properties of fruits, average number of fruits per plant, average fruit mass and estimated yield were evaluated for each cultivar. It is concluded that plum cultivars ‘Januária’ and ‘Grancoure’ are the most promising for subtropical regions, mainly due to the volume of produced fruits and the quality of fruits.