This study was designed to elucidate the toxicity of widely used plant Passiflora nepalensis Walp. (Passifloraceae) in rats. We have taken methanolic extract isolated from whole plant of Passiflora nepalensis and studied their toxic effects. Acute, sub-acute toxicities and LD50 values were determined in experimental rats. The external appearance of the dead animals, the appearance of the viscera, heart, lungs, stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, spleen and brain were carefully noted and any apparent and significant features or differences from the normal were recorded after acute treatment with methanolic extract of whole plant of Passiflora nepalensis (MPN). Following the sub-acute administration of MPN for fourteen days, the vital organ such as liver, kidney and heart were carefully evaluated by histopathological and biochemical studies and any apparent and significant changes or differences from the normal were recorded. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. Oral administration of MPN at the doses of 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg body wt for fourteen consecutive days to male and female rats did not induce any short term toxicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the methanolic extract of Passiflora nepalensis have a high margin of safety.

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of aqueous flower extract of Bombax ceiba L., Malvaceae (BC), on the basis of biochemical and histopathological parameters in Adriamycin (Adr) induced myocardial infarction in rats and to compare with vitamin E, a known cardioprotective antioxidant. Male Wister rats were used as in vivo model for the study. BC was administered orally to Wister rats at different doses (150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg, b.w.) for six days/week for four weeks. Thereafter, all the groups except saline were administered Adr (20 mg/kg, i.p.). There was a significant decrease in myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione in animals treated with Adr. Concurrently marked increase in extent of lipid peroxidation was reported. Co-treatment of BC/vitamin E and Adr resulted in an increase in the cardiac antioxidant enzymes and reduction in lipid peroxidation as compared to Adr-treated animals. Adr showed significant decrease (p<0.001) in the level of cardiac marker enzymes [Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)] in heart homogenate with corresponding increase in their level in serum. In BC/vitamin E treated groups significant increase (p<0.001) of LDH in heart homogenate and decrease of SGOT and LDH in serum were observed. Microscopic studies in Adr-treated animals revealed mitochondrial swelling, leukocyte infiltration, lipid inclusions and myofibrillar loss whereas the pre-treatment with BC/vitamin E led to a lesser degree of Adr-induced histological alterations. These findings suggest that aqueous flower extract of BC has protective effect against Adr-induced cardiotoxicity and may have potential as a cardioprotective agent.

The present study was designed to investigate the antihypertensive effect of methanolic extract of the whole plant of Passiflora nepalensis Walp., Passifloraceae, (MPN) in renal hypertensive and normotensive rats. The blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate fell dose-dependently in renal hypertensive and normotensive rats after intravenous administration of 75, 150, and 225 mg/kg MPN, suggesting that MPN possesses antihypertensive, hypotensive and negative chronotropic effects. The effect at doses of 150 and 225 mg/kg of MPN were more pronounced than that of 75 mg/kg body weight. Thus, the present study reveals that MPN exerts antihypertensive effect against renal hypertension.