O jambeiro (Syzygium malaccensis Merr. & Perry, Myrtaceae) é uma fruteira originária do sudeste da Ásia, hoje muito comum e apreciada na América do Sul e Central. O conhecimento de sua fenologia pode contribuir para o planejamento e o manejo do plantio, e a comercialização dos frutos. Num estudo realizado de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 1982 com árvores de cinco anos de idade, plantadas como ornamental em Manaus, AM, Brasil, constatou-se que a floração e a frutificação do jambeiro ocorreram duas vezes ao ano: em meado da estação chuvosa (março) e durante o período de estiagem (julho-agosto). Ambos eventos foram rápidos, com duração de sete a 15 dias, levando cerca de um mês entre a floração e a safra. O estímulo climático à floração não foi evidente. O jambeiro apresentou vingamento moderado (4 a 10%), como ocorre com a maioria das fruteiras da Amazônia. Um grande número de abelhas visitou as flores, sugerindo uma síndrome de polinização, em lugar de co-evolução com uma espécie ou gênero. A produtividade foi relativamente baixa, variando de 17,7 a 69.7 kg/planta, equivalente a 4 a 14 t/ha, sendo conveniente lembrar que essas árvores nunca foram adubadas.

The Malay apple (Syzygium malaccensis Merr. & Perry, Myrtaceae) originated in southeast Asia, and is common and appreciated in South and Central America today. A knowledge of its phenology will help plan and manage the plantation and commercialization of its fruits. This study took place from January 1980 to December 1982 in 5-year-old trees planted as ornamentals in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Flowering and fruiting of Malay apple occurred twice a year, once in the mid-rainy season (March) and once in the mid-dry season (July-August); both events were very rapid, with durations of 7 to 15 days; the interval between flowering and harvest was about one month. The climatic stimulus for flowering was not evident. The Malay apple had low fruit set (4 to 10%), similar to the majority of Amazonian fruits. A large number of bee species visited the flowers, suggesting a pollination syndrom rather than recent local co-evolution with a single species or genus. Yield was relatively low. varying from 17.7 to 69.7 kg/plant (4 to 14 t/ ha), although it must be remembered that these trees were never fertilized.

O abacateiro (Persea americana Mill., Lauraceae) é nativo da Mesoamérica e chegou à Amazônia antes dos europeus. Acredita-se que a raça aqui introduzida foi a antilhana, similar a da maioria dos abacateiros pé-franco da Amazônia de hoje. Estudos de sua fenologia podem ajudar o planejamento de seu manejo e comercialização. A floração iniciou-se na segunda metade da estação chuvosa (março/abril) e durou até meados da estação de estiagem (agosto/setembro). As árvores produziram 25±15 mil flores em 1980 e 38±28 mil flores em 1981. A frutificação iniciou-se no final da estação chuvosa (maio/junho) e a safra ocorreu em plena estação de estiagem (agosto/outubro). As árvores produziram 634±299 frutos em 1980 e 1.054±456 frutos em 1981. O vingamento foi de 2,6±1,8%, menor que os valores na literatura. Os frutos pesaram 177,7±41,2 g na safra de 1980, com 51,1±4,5% de polpa. A produtividade, estimado em 112 kg/árvore em 1980 e 187 kg/árvore em 1981, foi abaixo da média de uma árvore bem manejada no sul do Brasil. As flores foram visitadas por oito espécies de abelhas, destacando-se Trigona branneri Ckll, Frieseomelitta sp. e Partamona pseudomusarum Camargo.

The avocado (Persea americana Mill., Lauraceae) is native to Mesoamerica and arrived in Amazonia before the Europeans. We believe that the West Indian race was introduced first, since it is similar to the majority of seedling trees in Amazonia today. Study of its phenology can help plan management and comercialization. Flowering started in the second half of the rainy season (March/April) and lasted until the mid-dry season (August/September); the trees produced 25±15 thousand flowers in 1980 and 38±28 thousand in 1981. Fruiting started at the end of the rainy season (May/June) and harvest ocurred in the mid-dry season (August/October); the trees produced 634±299 fruits in 1980 and 1,054±456 fruits in 1981. Fruit set was 2.6±1.8%, less than values in the literature. The fruits weighed 177.7±41.2 g in the 1980 harvest, and had 51.1±4.5% pulp. We estimated yield at 112 kg/tree in 1980 and 187 kg/tree in 1981, below the mean for well managed trees in southern Brazil. The flowers were visited by 8 bee species, the most common of which were Trigona branneri Ckll, Frieseomelitta sp. and Partamona pseudomusarum Camargo.

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteussp.. Providenciasp.. Citrobactersp. e Klebsiellasp. foram isoladas de moscas califorídeas coletadas em oito feiras livres na cidade de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. A presença de E. colinas amostras sugere que está ocorrendo contaminação fecal e que estas moscas são veículos potenciais de bactérias enteropatogênicas para os alimentos expostos.

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteussp., Providenciasp., Citrobactersp. and Klebsiellasp. were isolated from calliphorid flies collected in eight street markets in the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. The presence of £. coliin the samples suggests that faecal contamination is occurring and that these flies are potential vehicles of enteropathogenic bacteria to exposed foods.

Calliphoridae of the region of the upper Urucu river basin, West of the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, were sludied considering composition and abundance of the species, capturing 14729 specimen distributcd as follows: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (12643), Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy) (1667), Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann) (354), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani) (54), H. segmentaria (Fabricius) (6), Chrysomya pularia (Wiedemann) (1) e C. albiceps (Wiedemann) (1). The rcsults showthat Cochliomyia macellaria has a facility to adapt rapidly to an environment changed by man. The fact that was registered two specimen of Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy in highly isolated localilies contributed to showthc ability of thesc flics in cxploring the availablc mechanisms to reach remote places, re-einphasizing the concept of high capacily of expansion ofthis species. The possibilities of colonization ofthis área by pioneer species of Chrysomya was discus-sed, considering the local environmental conditions. The importance of studies of endemic calliphorids (lies in áreas withoul prescnce of pioncers, in order to better understand the mechanisms of adaptation used by these species were striked.

Five species of calliphorid flies, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), C. putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), C. albiceps (Wiedemann. 1819), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) and Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819), were collected hourly belween 6:00 and 18:00h., during five consecutive days per month for 12 moths; using home-made traps baited with rotting bovine lung. The data were statisticaly analyzed with relation to precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and luminosity. The results indicate that precipitation must have acted upon the seasonal abundance of the species, and that these responded equally to temperature, relative humidity and luminosity, throughout the entire day, except for P. eximia, which exhibited greater sensibility to these factors, demonstrating greater activity during the morning hours. The geographic expansion of invader species, associated to the tolerance to climatic variations was briefily discussed.