Resumo O Aedes aegypti é um culicida que vem ganhando relevância ao longo dos anos devido à sua capacidade de transmitir diversos vírus causadores de doenças em humanos que ao longo dos anos ocasionam altas taxas de mortalidade na população mundial. O principal problema é que Ae. aegypti tem conseguido estabelecer e manter uma relação próxima com o homem e seu habitat, por isso a busca por alternativas para o controle das populações de vetores torna-se imperativa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de duas cepas de Beauveria bassiana sobre Ae. aegypti. Larvas de terceiro instar de Ae. aegypti em recipientes plásticos de 250 mL foram inoculados com as cepas GHA e NB3 em diferentes concentrações (1.5 × 104, 1.5 × 105, 1.5 × 106 e 1.5 × 107 conídios/mL). A cepa NB3 apresentou os maiores valores de mortalidade com 63% na concentração mais alta, ou seja, 1.5 × 107, enquanto para a cepa GHA o maior valor de mortalidade foi 30.7% na mesma concentração. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa na mortalidade com relação à cepa e dias pós-tratamento (P = 0.0001), mas não com relação à concentração de conídios (P = 0.634). A mortalidade média de larvas por dia para o NB3 para diferentes concentrações variou de 20 a 25 larvas por dia, enquanto para o GHA a mortalidade diária variou de 5 a 12 larvas. Na mortalidade pós-tratamento, a maior mortalidade foi registrada nas larvas de terceiro estágio para o NB3, enquanto para o GHA o maior percentual de mortalidade foi observado em indivíduos que conseguiram atingir o estado adulto. Os resultados da pesquisa atual retratam o papel notável de B. bassiana no manejo de um importante vetor de doenças humanas.

Abstract Aedes aegypti is a culicide that has gained relevance over the years due to its ability to transmit various viruses that cause diseases in humans that all the years cause high mortality rates in the world population. The main problem is that Ae. aegypti has managed to establish and maintain a close relationship with humans and their habitat, which is why the search for alternatives to control vector populations becomes imperative. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of two Beauveria bassiana strains on Aedes aegypti. Third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti in 250 mL plastic containers were inoculated with the GHA and NB3 strains at different concentrations (1.5 × 104, 1.5× 105, 1.5 × 106 and 1.5 × 107 conidia/mL). The NB3 strain presented highest mortality values with 63% in the highest concentration i.e., 1.5 × 107, while for the GHA strain the highest mortality value was 30.7% at the same concentration. The results showed significant difference in mortality with respect to the strain and days post treatment (P = 0.0001), but not with respect to the conidial concentration (P = 0.634). The average mortality of larvae per day for the NB3 for different concentrations ranged from 20 to 25 larvae per day, while for the GHA daily mortality ranged from 5 to 12 larvae. In post-treatment mortality, the highest mortality was recorded in the third stage larvae for the NB3, while for GHA the highest percentage mortality was observed in individuals who managed to reach the adult state. The findings of the current research depicted the noteworthy role of B. bassiana for the management of an important vector of human disease.

Background Prisons are a source of inherent violence and an environment conducive to traumatic injuries. Aim The objective of this paper is to describe the income and evolution profile of hospitalized people deprived of liberty at the tertiary level due to trauma that occurred in two prison detention centers in Santiago, that enters our service. Materials and Method Descriptive study, included the review of clinical records in our hospital, during the period between August 2009 and December 2016. Results 88 consultations of people deprived of liberty, where 46 consultations for traumatic injuries were obtained. A symmetric distribution was observed for the variables age, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin and leukocyte count. The most frequent trauma site was the thorax and abdomen (including front face and full back), each with 18 patients (39.13% each). The most frequent diagnosis of admission was pneumothorax in twelve subjects. The main treatments were 16 exploratory laparotomies (34.78, 95% CI: 22.68 to 49.23) and 12 pleurostomies (26.09, 95% CI: 15.60 to 40.26). The duration of hospitalization distributed asymmetrically, with a median of 3 days. We had 6 readmissions (13.04%) in the first 30 days after discharge and one mortality. Conclusions The violence in this two prison detention centers, in Santiago, is a diagnosis that appears in the urgency of our hospital, with lesions of different severity and treatment. It is necessary to anticipate these scenarios, where we now know that a large part of them will need some procedure or intervention.

Resumen Introducción Las cárceles constituyen un foco de violencia inherente y un ambiente propicio de lesiones traumáticas. Objetivo Describir el perfil de ingreso y evolución de personas privadas de libertad hospitalizadas en nivel terciario por trauma acontecido en 2 complejos penitenciarios, que ingresan a nuestro Servicio. Materiales y Método Estudio descriptivo, incluyó la revisión de fichas clínicas en nuestro hospital (HUAP), durante el periodo entre agosto de 2009 y diciembre de 2016. Resultados 88 consultas de personas privadas de libertad, donde se obtuvieron 46 consultas por lesiones traumáticas. Se observó una distribución simétrica para las variables edad, presión arterial media, frecuencia cardíaca, hematocrito, hemoglobina y recuento de leucocitos. El sitio del trauma más frecuente fue el tórax y el abdomen (incluyendo cara anterior y posterior completa), cada uno con 18 pacientes (39,13% cada uno). El diagnóstico de ingreso más frecuente fue neumotórax en doce sujetos. Los principales tratamientos efectuados fueron 16 laparotomías exploradoras (34,78; IC 95%: 22,68 a 49,23) y 12 pleurostomías (26,09; IC 95%: 15,60 a 40,26). La duración de la hospitalización distribuyó en forma asimétrica, con mediana de 3 días. Tuvimos 6 reingresos (13,04%) en los primeros 30 días posteriores al alta y una mortalidad. Conclusiones Los hechos de violencia en estos 2 centros penitenciarios en Santiago, son un diagnóstico que se presenta en la urgencia de nuestro hospital, con lesiones de distinta gravedad y tratamiento. Resulta necesario adelantarse a estos escenarios, donde ahora sabemos que gran parte de ellos necesitará algún procedimiento o intervención.

Resumo As propriedades dos concretos, como relação água/cimento, consumo de cimento e resistência à compressão afetam diretamente seu desempenho em uso e durabilidade. Desta forma, as normas técnicas de dimensionamento de estruturas de concreto armado indicam especificações em função das classes de agressividade ambiental. Neste artigo, através de uma metodologia experimental, foi avaliada a relação entre as características de quatro composições de concreto, elaboradas de acordo com as normas EN 1992-1 e EN 206, e sua relação com a qualidade do concreto no estado endurecido, nos ensaios de carbonatação e névoa salina. Foram empregadas análises de resistência à compressão, índice de vazios, absorção de água total e por capilaridade, massa específica, resistividade elétrica e velocidade de propagação de ondas ultrassônicas. Para o tratamento estatístico foi utilizada Análise multivariada da variância (MANOVA). Os resultados obtidos apontaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos ensaios de deterioração unicamente nos traços 1 e 4 para o ensaio de névoa salina e entre o traço 4 e os demais para o ensaio de carbonatação.

Abstract The composition characteristics of concrete, such as water/cement ratio, cement consumption and compressive strength directly affect its handling performance and durability. Thus, the technical standards related to concrete structures recommend technical specification concerning different environmental aggressiveness classes. Therefore, this study followed an experimental method aiming to evaluate the relationship between the characteristics of four different concrete mixes produced in accordance to the specifications of the standards EN 1992-1 and EN 206 for quality of hardened state concrete and its behavior during accelerated tests of carbonation and salt spray. Analyzes of compressive strength, void index, total and capillary water absorption, specific gravity, electrical resistivity and ultrasonic wave propagation velocity were executed. For the statistical treatment, a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was performed, which provided a simplified analysis of the durable potential of reinforced concrete structures by its characteristics. Results lead to two major groups of behavior, and statistical significant differences in deterioration tests between mixes 1 and 4 for the salt spray test and between mix 4 and the others for the carbonation test.

Abstract: This article evaluated mechanical behavior of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) reinforced with hybrid steel and polypropylene fibers, with cement consumption of 250 kg/m³ and application of confining pressure in fresh state. The consistency of the mixture was analyzed, as well as mechanical properties of compressive strength, flexural strength and toughness. The percentages of hybridization were 50 to 100% of metal fibers and 0 to 50% of polypropylene fibers. Results showed that the compressive strength of the composite was 180 MPa (26100 psi), despite its low cement consumption of 250 kg/m³ (2.08 lb/gal), with 80% steel fibers and 20% polypropylene fibers. The combination of fibers increased the mixture’s toughness. For the composition with 80% steel fibers and 20% polypropylene fibers, the strength for large deformations increased by 191% compared with the mixture with 100% steel fibers, pointing out the benefits of hybridization.

Resumen: En este trabajo se evaluó el comportamiento mecánico de los hormigones de ultra-altas prestaciones (UHPC) reforzados con fibras híbridas de acero y polipropileno, con un consumo de cemento de 250 kg/m3 y aplicando una presión de confinamiento en su estado fresco. Se analizó la consistencia de la mezcla, las propiedades mecánicas de las resistencias a la compresión y flexión, así como la tenacidad. Se usaron porcentajes de hibridación del 50 al 100% de fibras metálicas y de 0 al 50% de fibras de polipropileno. Los resultados muestran que la resistencia a la compresión del compuesto fue de 180 MPa (26.100 psi), a pesar de su bajo consumo de cemento, de 250 kg/m³ (2,08 lb/gal), con 80% de fibras de acero y 20% de fibras de polipropileno. La combinación de fibras incrementó la tenacidad de la mezcla. Para esta misma composición, la resistencia para las grandes deformaciones aumentó en un 191% en comparación con la mezcla que contenía un 100% de fibras de acero, demostrando así los beneficios de la hibridación.

Abstract To improve productivity and quality of corn grain (Zea mays L.) for human consumption, without damaging the environment, the effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) on physiological quality, yield and health of corn grain was evaluated. The seed was exposed to EMF at an intensity of 3.6 mT. Under field conditions, in 2015 and 2016, varieties were evaluated: H-70, H-61R and V-60 and three times of exposure to EMF (6, 12 and 24 min) more a control (non-irradiated) in a design of random complete blocks. The results showed that the seed exposed for 24 min to EMF increased 10.54% and two days the establishment of seedlings and the average male flowering; likewise, 11.04% the yield ha-1 (870 kg ha-1) compared to the non-irradiated control. H-70 and V-60 had higher establishment of seedlings with 24 minutes of exposure to EMF (17.5 and 8.23%) and H-61R with 12 min (9.75%). H-61R and V-60 yielded more (10.85 and 8%) with 12 min of EMF exposure and H-70 increased 27.14% with 6 min compared to the control. The grain was quantified on average 9.22 and 7.72% of Fusarium spp. and Fusarium oxysporum. With 12 min of EMF exposure, the presence of Fusarium spp. in comparison with the control. Electromagnetic field, used as seed pre-sowing treatment of corn varieties, significantly increases the establishment of seedlings, but not the grain yield under field conditions.

Resumen Para mejorar productividad y calidad del grano de maíz (Zea mays L.) Para consumo humano, sin dañar el ambiente, se evaluó el efecto del campo electromagnético (CE) sobre calidad fisiológica, rendimiento y sanidad del grano de maíz. La semilla se expuso a CE a intensidad de 3.6 mT. En condiciones de campo, en 2015 y 2016, se evaluaron las variedades: H-70, H-61R y V-60 y tres tiempos de exposición a CE (6, 12 y 24 min) más un testigo (no irradiado) en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Los resultados mostraron que la semilla expuesta por 24 min a CE incrementó 10.54% y dos días el establecimiento de plántulas y la floración media masculina; asimismo, 11.04% el rendimiento ha-1 (870 kg ha-1) en comparación con el testigo no irradiado. H-70 y V-60 tuvieran mayor establecimiento de plántulas con 24 minutos de exposición a CE (17.5 y 8.23 %) y H-61R con 12 min (9.75%). H-61R y V-60 rindieron más (10.85 y 8%) con 12 min de exposición a CE y H-70 aumentó 27.14 % con 6 min en comparación con el testigo. En el grano se cuantificó en promedio 9.22 y 7.72% de Fusarium spp. y Fusarium oxysporum. Con 12 min de exposición a CE disminuyó 10% la presencia de Fusarium spp. en comparación con el testigo. Campo electromagnético, usado como tratamiento pre siembra en semilla de variedades de maíz, aumenta significativamente el establecimiento de plántulas, pero no el rendimiento de grano en condiciones de campo.

Abstract: Walls are essential for buildings because they delimitate surroundings while influencing durability. Regarding the development of buildings, lightweight systems have emerged, which usually have internal closures of gypsum boards with several coating options. The south region of Brazil has subtropical climate, which promotes the development of fungi, which harm human health in buildings. Therefore, a test was performed according to (ASTM 2016), for the periods of 4 and 10 weeks, to assess the resistance to growth of fungi on gypsum boards with coatings of acrylic paint, epoxy paint, smooth speckle, textured speckle and waterproofing polymer. Results showed more severe deterioration of the samples coated with acrylic paint, and at 10 weeks the worst case reached a grade below 4 according to the classification of the standard and provided the development of the Aspergillus and Aureobasidium fungi, whereas the epoxy paint sample favored the growth of genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. The tests also showed significant differences in mold damage for the periods of 4 weeks (recommended by the standard) and 10 weeks (timespan of this study).

Resumen: Las paredes son esenciales, porque delimitan el entorno e influyen en la durabilidad de los edificios. Actualmente, han surgido sistemas ligeros que tienen cierres internos de planchas de yeso con diferentes revestimientos. La región sur de Brasil tiene un clima subtropical, que promueve el desarrollo de hongos que dañan la salud humana. Por lo cual, se realizó una prueba según la norma (ASTM 2016), durante los períodos de 4 y 10 semanas, evaluando la resistencia al crecimiento de hongos en planchas de yeso con pintura acrílica, pintura epóxica, masilla lisa, masilla texturizada y polímeros impermeabilizantes. Los resultados mostraron un deterioro más severo en las muestras recubiertas con pintura acrílica y, a las 10 semanas, el peor caso alcanzó una calificación inferior a 4 (clasificación de la norma) y mostró el desarrollo de los hongos Aspergillus y Aureobasidium, mientras que la muestra de pintura epóxica favoreció el crecimiento de los géneros Penicillium y Aspergillus. Las pruebas mostraron diferencias significativas en el daño por moho a las 4 semanas (recomendado por la norma) y a las 10 semanas (período de este estudio).

Abstract: Civil construction, nowadays has to deal with comfort and habitability requirements and raw material lack. Thus, it is desired to reuse materials. In this context, the subfloor plays an important role in providing users with comfort, being an interesting object of analysis. Thus, this study aims to design lightweight concrete slabs with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) aggregates for subfloors, with two grain sizes of conventional sand replaced with EVA. The experimental program is composed of four unit mixes, three of them varying the ratio between EVA coarse and natural fine aggregates, and the one with higher quantity of EVA coarse aggregates was replaced sand for EVA fine aggregates. The subfloor slabs were molded with three thickness of 3, 5 and 7 centimeters, and a set of 3cm slabs plus 1cm of conventional coating. Slabs were submitted to specific mass tests and L’nT,w mean standardized impact sound pressure level tests. Results showed a correlation between two variables, being that 7cm thickness slabs with smaller specific mass, with total aggregate replacement, presented noise intensity reductions of 17dB in comparison to 7cm slabs with natural sand and smaller content of EVA coarse aggregate; and 28dB reduction in relation to the reference.

Resumen: Actualmente, la construcción civil lidia con los requisitos de confort, habitabilidad y escasez de materia prima, por lo que se busca reutilizar los materiales. En este contexto, las losas de piso juegan un papel importante para entregar a los usuarios la comodidad buscada. Por lo tanto, este estudio intenta diseñar losas de hormigón liviano usando agregados de acetato de vinil etileno (EVA) en las losas de piso, usando dos granulometrías de arena convencional sustituidas con EVA. El estudio comprende cuatro mezclas: en tres de ellas se modifica la relación entre los agregados gruesos de EVA y los agregados naturales finos; y una cuarta mezcla, la con mayor cantidad de agregados gruesos de EVA, en la que la arena fue reemplazada por agregados finos de EVA. Las losas de piso se moldearon con espesores de 3, 5 y 7cm, y un conjunto de losas de 3cm más 1cm de recubrimiento convencional. Las losas fueron sometidas a pruebas de masa específica y a ensayos de nivel promedio de la presión del ruido de impacto estandarizado, L'nTw. Los resultados mostraron correlación entre las dos variables, resultando que las losas más delgadas de 7cm de espesor, de menor masa específica y reemplazo total del agregado, presentaron una reducción de la intensidad del ruido de 17 dB en comparación con las losas de 7cm que contenían arena natural y menor contenido de agregado grueso de EVA; y una reducción de 28 dB en relación con la losa de referencia.

Resumo A incorporação de fibras em compostos cimentícios atenua sua fragilidade, tornando-o um material dúctil. A quantidade e dispersão das fibras exercem grande influência em seu desempenho. O compósito cimentício avançado é autoadensável, o que facilita a distribuição das fibras. A microtomografia 3D é uma ferramenta eficiente para determinação do posicionamento das fibras, gerando imagens sequencialmente, criando uma representação em três dimensões da amostra. Ainda, a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) pode ser utilizada na análise da interação das fibras com o compósito. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a aplicação destas técnicas para visualizar a distribuição e a interação de fibras metálicas e de polipropileno inseridas em um compósito cimentício avançado, em teor de 3% em volume. Os resultados comprovaram a eficiência dos métodos, sendo possível verificar a distribuição das fibras dentro da mistura e a inexistência de falhas na composição.

Abstract The incorporation of fibers on cement composites reduces its fragility, turning it a ductile material. The amount of fibers and its distribution presents a large influence on the composite performance, especially by the fact that it is self-consolidating, which facilitates the fiber distribution. 3D microtomography is an efficient tool for determining the fibers distribution, generating images and creating a representation in three dimensions of the sample. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can be used to analyze the interaction of fibers with the cement composite. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of these techniques to visualize the distribution and interaction of metallic and polypropylene fibers inserted into an advanced cementitious composite, at 3% in volume content. The results presented these techniques' efficiency in the verification of fibers distribution within the mixture and the absence of flaws in the composition.

RESUMOO uso de produtos naturais para controle de pragas da agricultura é opção economicamente viável e traz benefícios tanto ao homem como ao ambiente devido à sua baixa persistência e toxicidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial inseticida de extratos e óleos essenciais de funcho (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), erva doce (Pimpinella anisum L.) e cravo-da-índia (Caryophillusaromaticus L.) para o controle de pulgão (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) em couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.). Os tratamentos utilizados foram os extratos de funcho, erva-doce e cravo-da-índia a 10%; óleos de funcho, erva-doce, cravo-da- índia a 1% e testemunha com água destilada. Testes de mortalidade sobre pulgão em condições de laboratório foram realizados com três repetições e avaliações após 1, 12, 24, 48 e 72 h. Em laboratório, verificou-se que o óleo de funcho a 1% apresentou maior atividade sobre as ninfas de pulgão (70% em 72 h), seguido do extrato de cravo a 10%, com 37% de mortalidade. Testes em vasos foram realizados somente com o extrato de cravo-da-índia a 10% e óleo de funcho a 1%, nos quais também se constatou a eficácia sobre as ninfas de pulgão.

ABSTRACTThe use of natural substances for pest control in agriculture is, economically, a viable option and has benefits for both the humanbeing and the environment, due to its low persistence and toxicity. Thus, this trial aimed on determining the insecticidal potential of the extracts and essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and clove (Caryophillus aromaticus L.) to control Brevicoryne brassicae L. in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.). The treatments were: fennel, anise, cloves extracts at 10%; fennel, anise, cloves oils at 1% and control with distilled water. The mortality tests were carried out with aphids in laboratory, with three replications, after 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. During laboratory trials , it was found out that fennel oil at 1% showed the best rate of mortality on aphid nymphs (70% at 72 h), followed by clove extract at 10% with 37% mortality. Tests in pots were only carried out only with cloves extracts at 10% and fennel oil at 1% treatment, in which such efficiency was alsoindicated on aphid nymphs.

Comprehension of the basic aspects of entomopathogenic fungi development and detailed knowledge of nutritious requirements for their growth and sporulation are fundamental for mass production and commercialization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of blastospores in submerged culture medium and of conidia in biphasic culture of four native isolates and a B. bassiana strain showing potential for the control of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), which belong to the collection of the FCB-UANL Institute of Biotechnology, México. The experimental design was completely randomized and means were compared using Tukey test (p≤0.05). In the liquid culture medium formulated with glucose and casamino acids, at 72 h, blastospore production had the highest (p≤0.05) concentration for GHA strain (2.20x10-8 mL-1) and biomass of 26 gL- ¹, while the HIB-4 isolate showed the lowest blastospore production (p≤ 0.05) (5.25x10(7) m L-1) and biomass of 7 g L-1. Isolate HIB-2 had 56 % germination in diatomaceous earth for support, being the highest value among the studied fungi. In solid hase (rice grain), at 14 d of incubation, HIB-4 isolate presented a production of 1.82x10(9) conidia g-1, and GHA strain producted was 2.35x10(8) conidia g-1. Viability was higher than 90 % for all fungi during 4 weeks of storing at 4 °C. Thus, it is feasible produce blastospores and conidia of native isolates of B. bassiana with the potential of controlling pests which affect the citrus-growing regions of México.

La comprensión de los aspectos básicos del desarrollo de los hongos entomopatógenos y el conocimiento detallado de los requerimientos nutricionales para su crecimiento y esporulación es esencial para la producción masiva y comercialización. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la producción de blastoesporas en un medio de cultivo sumergido y de conidios en un cultivo bifásico, de cuatro aislados nativos y una cepa de B. bassiana con potencial para controlar Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), pertenecientes a la colección del Instituto de Biotecnología, FCB-UANL, México. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y las medias se compararon con la prueba Tukey (p≤0.05). En el medio de cultivo líquido formulado con glucosa y casaminoácidos, la producción de blastoesporas a las 72 h mostró para la cepa GHA la mayor (p≤0.05) concentración (2.20x10(8) mL-1) y una biomasa de 26 g L-1, y en el aislado HIB-4 ocurrió la producción menor (p≤0.05) de blastoesporas (5.25x10(7) m L-1) y biomasa de 7 g L-1. El aislado HIB-2 presentó 56 % de germinación en tierra de diatomeas como soporte y fue el valor mayor entre los hongos estudiados. En la fase sólida (grano de arroz), a los 14 d de incubación, el aislado HIB-4 presentó una producción de 1.82x10(9) conidios g-1 y la cepa GHA produjo 2.35x10(8) conidios g-1. La viabilidad fue superior a 90 % para todos los hongos durante 4 semanas de almacenamiento a 4 °C. Así, es factible producir blastoesporas y conidios de aislados nativos de B. bassiana con potencial para el manejo de plagas que afectan las regiones citrícolas de México.

A significant amount of research has been made on determining the optimum assembly sequence, assembly planning, etc. However, those research works consider that the necessary information for the analysis (e.g. the contacts among the parts in the assembly) is already available, which is not usually the case. This paper describes a method for extracting information within the design, aiming at supporting applications of assembly identification, which is needed for assembly planning. The system determines the surfaces to be machined and the dimensions to receive tighter tolerances, which are important for process and inspection planning. Initially, the group of parts that compose the product is input, and then the procedure for automatic identification of assembled parts begins for the given assembly. The final analysis is done by an expert system that checks the conditions of the assembled parts. The system is applied to cylindrical parts, in a design by features environment.

Background: nursing-home residents use more injustified drugs and create an injustified drug cost bigger than among community-living elderly. The objective of this study is to compare the prescription of inadecuated and low therapeutic utility drugs, as the injustified drug cost, among two groups of nursing-home residents (with and without an intervention). Methods: observational study of three patient groups aged 65 years or older who are living either in nursing homes (with and without intervention), or in their own home. Percentages and cost by person and month is estimated by 95% confidence interval (IC) in both groups. Odd ratio are calculated. Results: more elderly living in nursing homes without intervention (IC, 92-103%) than elders living in nursing homes post-intervention (IC, 37-65%) or dwelling independently in the community (IC, 49-72%) receive some injustified drug. In the same way, the odd ratio of prescribed injustified items is bigger for elderly living in nursing homes without intervention versus nursing homes post-intervention (3.0; 2.4<OR<3.8) as versus community-living elderly (1,7;1,4<OR<2,0). The odd ratio of injustified drug cost due to nursing homes without intervention is 3.7 (3.4<OR<4.1) times bigger than among nursing homes with intervention and 3.1 (2.8<OR<3.4) times bigger than elderly residing in the community. Conclusions: considering the results of the first study, the intervention made over elderly living in nursing homes is a good approache to improving the quality of prescription.

Fundamento: los ancianos ingresados en residencias (AR) utilizan más fármacos inadecuados y generan un gasto en dichos medicamentos superior a los ancianos ambulatorios (AA). El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la prescripción de fármacos inadecuados y/o de baja utilidad terapéutica así como el gasto injustificado entre residencias de ancianos sin intervención, residencias de ancianos con intervención y AA. Métodos: estudio prospectivo observacional de tres grupos de pacientes de 65 o más años cuya característica diferenciadora es el tipo de alojamiento: domicilio (AA), residencias privadas después de una intervención y residencia privada sin intervención. La estimación de las proporciones y del gasto por persona y mes en ambos grupos se realiza mediante el cálculo del intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC). Se calculan las razones relativas. Resultados: el porcentaje de pacientes que tienen prescrito al menos un fármaco injustificado en el AR sin intervención es de 97% (IC, 92-103%), frente a 51% (IC, 37-65%) en AR con intervención y 61% (IC, 49-72%) en AA. De igual forma, la razón relativa de envases prescritos injustificadamente es mayor en el AR sin intervención, tanto respecto a AR con intervención (3,0; 2,4<OR<3,8) como frente a AA (1,7; 1,4<OR<2,0). La razón relativa de gasto injustificado del AR sin intervención es 3,7 (3,4<OR<4,1) veces superior a AR con intervención y 3,1 (2,8<OR<3,4) veces superior a AA. Conclusiones: teniendo en cuenta los resultados de la primera parte de este estudio, podemos sugerir que la intervención en residencias es una alternativa válida para mejorar la calidad de prescripción de los AR.