ABSTRACT African mahogany (Khaya grandifoliola) is a tree species that has gained space in the forestry market, presenting utility in a wide range of uses, especially in Brazilian territory, where it is the main substitute for Brazilian mahogany wood. The objective of this work was to perform a path analysis between the response of nutrient solution to cadmium treatment and the other variables and attributes studied: amino acid, nitrate, protein, ammonium, reductase, IDM, cadmium. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. At first, seedlings were habituated to be later taken to the treatment, where the applicability was given by cadmium chloride monohydrate (CdCl 2.H2O) according to the nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), mixed in five concentrations (0; 10; 20; 30 and 40 mg L-1) with seven replications, totaling 35 experimental units. To perform the comparative examination, the data were exposed to the analysis of variance, followed by regression analysis. The path analysis allowed to directly verify that increasing doses of treatment with Cadmium (CAR) reflected in a negative correlation with the amino acid content (AAR) in the roots of mahogany plants. Abiotic stress, which was exposure to a toxic chemical (cadmium), decreased, in this case, the ability of plants to synthesize amino acids. Increasing doses of cadmium treatment (CAL) reflected in negative correlation with the protein content in the leaf (PRL) of mahogany plants. Evidently, the higher the cadmium concentration, the greater the damage to mahogany's metabolic systems. With this study, we showed that excess cadmium in the soil affects the development of seedlings of forest species such as mahogany. Khaya grandifoliola market uses territory wood studied nitrate ammonium reductase IDM greenhouse first CdCl 2.H2O 2H2O HO 2 H2O H O DIC, DIC , (DIC) 0 (0 10 20 3 4 L1 L 1 L-1 replications units examination variance CAR (CAR AAR (AAR stress cadmium, (cadmium) decreased case acids CAL (CAL PRL (PRL Evidently concentration mahoganys s systems study (DIC ( L- (cadmium

RESUMO O mogno africano (Khaya grandifoliola) é uma espécie arbórea que vem ganhando espaço no mercado florestal, apresentando utilidade nas mais diversas utilizações, principalmente em território brasileiro, onde é o principal substituto da madeira do mogno brasileiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise de trilha entre a resposta da solução nutritiva ao tratamento com cádmio e as demais variáveis e atributos estudados: aminoácido, nitrato, proteína, amônio, redutase, IDM, cádmio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. A princípio, as mudas foram habituadas para posteriormente serem levadas ao tratamento, onde a aplicabilidade se deu pelo cloreto de cádmio monohidratado (CdCl 2.H2O) de acordo com a solução nutritiva. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), misturado em cinco concentrações (0; 10; 20; 30 e 40 mg L-1) com sete repetições, totalizando 35 unidades experimentais. Para realizar o exame comparativo, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, seguida de análise de regressão. A análise de trilha permitiu verificar diretamente que doses crescentes de tratamento com Cádmio (CAR) refletiram em correlação negativa com o teor de aminoácidos (TAA) nas raízes das plantas de mogno. O estresse abiótico, que foi a exposição a um produto químico tóxico (cádmio), diminuiu, neste caso, a capacidade das plantas de sintetizar aminoácidos. O aumento das doses de tratamento com cádmio (CAL) refletiu em correlação negativa com o teor de proteína na folha (PRL) das plantas de mogno. Evidentemente, quanto maior a concentração de cádmio, maiores serão os danos aos sistemas metabólicos do mogno. Com este estudo, evidenciamos que excesso de cádmio no solo afeta o desenvolvimento de mudas de espécies florestais como o mogno. Khaya grandifoliola florestal utilizações brasileiro estudados aminoácido nitrato amônio redutase IDM vegetação princípio CdCl 2.H2O 2H2O HO 2 H2O H DIC, DIC , (DIC) 0 (0 10 20 3 4 L1 L 1 L-1 repetições experimentais comparativo variância regressão CAR (CAR TAA (TAA abiótico (cádmio) diminuiu caso CAL (CAL PRL (PRL Evidentemente estudo (DIC ( L- (cádmio

ABSTRACT Growth analysis (GA) is used to quantify plant development based on morphophysiological changes. GA is a practical tool to evaluate nursery techniques to make them more efficient. The objective of this essay was to quantity measure morphophysiological growth variables of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla and Hymenaea courbaril (jatoba) container seedlings to characterize growth stages. The essay was conducted in a shade house located in the western state of Paraná. GA analyses were performed at 10-day intervals on seedlings of both species. When evaluating Hymenaea courbaril seedlings results indicated increased values of height, diameter, root and shoot dry biomass up to 130 days after emergence (DAE). Seedling growth stage-based GA were 70, 100 and 130 DAE for the Eucalyptus hybrid and 50, 80, and 110 DAE for jatoba which presented accelerated, intermediate and reduced seedling growth.

Abstract Exogenous application of stress inductors can facilitate and accelerate some biological responses that promote plant defense. The objective of the experiment was to quantify some compounds linked to nitrogen metabolism as a function of the application of salicylic acid in Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was constituted of four doses of salicylic acid and three periods of water deficit. Quantifications included levels of nitrate, free ammonium, total soluble amino acids, proteins, proline, glycine-betaine and relative water content. When evaluating the relative water content in seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius at 8 days, it was observed that the dose of 200 mg L-1. Seedlings showed physiological responses when subjected to doses of salicylic acid of 200 and 300 mg L-1. The increase in concentration of proline and glycine are advantageous, because these substances act as osmoregulators and cell protectors against deficit hydrical.

ABSTRACT Background: During de-pulping of açai (Euterpe oleracea) for juice production in the Amazonia, large amounts of fibrous waste are daily discarded, a promising substrate for production of high-value cellulose nanofibrils. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the modifications of açai surface fibers submitted to chemical pretreatment steps and compare the quality of nanostructured films produced with different cycles of mechanical nanofibrillation. Results: A 2-hour pretreatment (at 5% of NaOH) followed by two NaOH/H2O2 bleaching steps resulted in fibers with increased length and reduced diameter compared to raw fibers while preserving fiber integrity and cellulose I structure. The increase of fibers’ grinding cycles from 3 (minimum to gel point) to 21 (maximum suspension thickness) resulted in nanofibril films with higher crystallinity properties, uniform thickness, compacted morphology, and smoother surface. Nanofibril films formed after different numbers of passages exhibited similar mechanical strength, but distinct barrier properties. Conclusion: Açaí waste films produced with fibers submitted to 3 grinding cycles can be recommended for packaging applications that demand easily dissolving, such as instantaneous food. Oppositely, açaí fibers subjected to 21 cycles in grinder provide films suitable for water-resistant packaging, ideal for secondary coatings of papers and paperboards.