Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation and 980-nm diode lasers on the surface roughness (SR) and volume loss (VL) of dentin subjected to cariogenic challenge. Subsequently, 130 specimens of bovine dentin were divided into the following 13 groups: NT: no treatment; FG: fluoride gel; FV: fluoride varnish; Di: 980-nm diode; Di + FG; Di + FV; FG + D; FV + Di; Er: Er,Cr:YSGG; Er + FG; Er + FV; FG + Er and FV + Er. Er,Cr:YSGG laser parameters were as follows: 0.25 W; 5.0 Hz; 4.46 J/cm2 without water and 55% air. Furthermore, the 980-nm diode laser parameters were 2.0 W; 2.0 Hz; 21.41 J/cm2. The samples from each group were subjected to pH cycling. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to evaluate SR and VL. Difference between the volume of the reference and treated areas + DES/RE was used to determine SR and VL. The mean values of the different groups were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test. The VL values were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn post-hoc test (p < 0.05). The SR of the reference area did not show a statistically significant 1807-3107-bor-38-e025treatment and cariogenic challenge (p > 0.05). Moreover, VL in the FV + Di and FV + Er groups showed a statistically significant difference compared with areas submitted to different types of treatment and cariogenic challenge (p > 0.05). Er,Cr:YSGG and 980-nm diode lasers associated with fluoride varnishes decreased dentin VL in bovine teeth submitted to cariogenic challenge. Er,CrYSGG ErCrYSGG Er,Cr YSGG Cr 980nm nm 980 (SR (VL Subsequently 1 NT gel varnish D follows 025 0 25 0.2 W 50 5 5. Hz 446 4 46 4.4 Jcm2 Jcm J cm2 cm J/cm 55 air Furthermore 20 2 2. 2141 21 41 21.4 cycling DESRE DES RE Tukeys Tukey s posthoc post hoc KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) 18073107bor38e025treatment boretreatment 1807 3107 bor 38 e025treatment e Moreover CrYSGG ErCr 98 02 0. 44 4. 214 21. 00 0.0 180 310 3 etreatment 9 18 31

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar a associação entre o padrão esquelético craniofacial sagital e a dimensão do seio frontal em adolescentes alemães. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal que incluiu pacientes ortodônticos alemães com idade variando entre 11 e 18 anos (80 homens, 82 mulheres). Cefalogramas laterais foram utilizados na análise cefalométrica e do seio frontal. A análise cefalométrica foi realizada para mensuração dos ângulos SNA, SNB e ANB. Medidas do seio frontal foram realizadas para obtenção da altura e dimensão ântero-posterior do seio frontal. A área da projeção lateral do seio frontal também foi determinada. As dimensões do seio frontal foram comparadas entre os sexos pelo teste de Mann Withney. Teste de Kruskal Wallis e pós teste de Dunn foram utilizados para comparar as diferenças entre as más oclusões esqueléticas. Também foram realizados o teste de correlação de Spearman e um modelo de regressão linear. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em 5%. Quanto à má oclusão esquelética, 71 pacientes apresentavam classe I, 81 classe II e 10 classe III. A altura (p = 0,009), dimensão ântero-posterior (p = 0,001) e área da projeção lateral do seio frontal (p = 0,007) foram maiores nos homens do que nas mulheres. A dimensão ântero-posterior do seio frontal foi significativamente maior na classe III quando comparada à classe I (p = 0,010) e classe II (p = 0,027). A área da projeção lateral do seio frontal também foi maior na classe III do que na classe I (p = 0,039). No modelo de regressão linear foi observada associação significativa apenas entre a área da projeção lateral do seio frontal e a classe III. Nossos resultados sugerem que a área da projeção lateral do seio frontal pode presentar diferenças morfométricas em adolescentes com maloclusão esquelética Classe III. Tratouse Tratou se 1 80 (8 8 mulheres . mulheres) SNA ANB ânteroposterior ântero posterior determinada Withney esqueléticas 5 5% 7 p 0,009, 0009 0,009 , 0 009 0,009) 0,001 0001 001 0,007 0007 007 0,010 0010 010 0,027. 0027 0,027 027 0,027) 0,039. 0039 0,039 039 0,039) ( 000 0,00 00 0,01 01 002 0,02 02 003 0,03 03 0,0 0,

Abstract The present study explored the association between the craniofacial sagittal skeletal patterns and frontal sinus dimensions in Germans. This cross-sectional study included orthodontic patients with age ranging from 11 to 18 (80 males, 82 females). Lateral cephalograms were used in the cephalometric and frontal sinus analysis. Cephalometric analysis was performed to measure SNA, SNB and ANB angles. Frontal sinus measurements were performed to obtain the frontal sinus height, antero-posterior dimension and frontal sinus lateral projection area. The frontal sinus dimensions were compared between genders with Mann Withney test. Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc tests were used to compare the mean differences between the skeletal malocclusions. Spearman’s correlation test and linear regression model were also performed. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Regarding skeletal malocclusion, 71 patients presented class I, 81 class II and 10 class III skeletal malocclusion. The frontal sinus height (p=0.009), frontal sinus antero-posterior dimension (p=0.001) and frontal sinus lateral projection area (p=0.007) were bigger in males than in females. The frontal sinus antero-posterior dimension was significantly greater in the class III when compared to the class I (p=0.010) and class II (p=0.027). Frontal sinus lateral projection area was also bigger in class III than class I (p=0.039). In the linear regression model a significant association was observed between frontal sinus lateral projection area and class III (skeletal class I as a reference). In conclusion, our result suggests that the frontal sinus lateral projection area might present morphometric differences in German teenagers with skeletal class III malocclusion. Germans crosssectional cross sectional 1 80 (8 8 females . females) SNA angles anteroposterior antero posterior Dunns Dunn s posthoc post hoc malocclusions Spearmans Spearman 5 5% malocclusion 7 p=0.009, p0009 p p=0.009 , 0 009 (p=0.009) p=0.001 p0001 001 (p=0.001 p=0.007 p0007 007 (p=0.007 p=0.010 p0010 010 (p=0.010 p=0.027. p0027 p=0.027 027 (p=0.027) p=0.039. p0039 p=0.039 039 (p=0.039) reference. reference reference) conclusion ( p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.009 (p=0.00 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.027 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.039 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.0 (p=0.02 (p=0.03 p0 p=0. (p=0. p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

Abstract Introduction Nurses from the night shift are exposed to sleep deprivation, which is associated with circadian rhythm alteration, lifestyle changes, psychosocial stress, and, consequently, increased risk of blood pressure (BP) deregulation and hypertension. Objective To analyze risk factors associated with elevated BP levels in nursing workers. Methods A transversal, quantitative study was conducted with 172 nursing professionals of a large hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following data were collected: anthropometric and BP measurements, sociodemographic characteristics, clinical variables, and lifestyle habits. Results were evaluated by bivariate analysis and logistic regression. The level of significance adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results Participants’ average age was 42.7 ± 9.6 years old; 86.6% (n = 149) were female, and 20.3% (n = 35) had previous diagnosis of hypertension. Overweight and obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.187, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.060 – 4.509) and night shift (OR: 2.100, CI 95%: 1.061 – 4.158) were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for increased risk of elevated BP level. Conclusion Excessive weight and night shift were significant factors for increased BP in nursing workers. deprivation alteration changes stress consequently (BP hypertension workers transversal 17 Gerais Brazil collected measurements characteristics variables habits regression 5 5% Participants 427 42 7 42. 96 9 6 9. old 866 86 86.6 n 149 female 203 20 3 20.3 35 odds OR [OR] 2187 2 187 2.187 95 [CI] 1060 1 060 1.06 4.509 4509 4 509 (OR 2100 100 2.100 1061 061 4.158 4158 158 p 0.05 005 0 05 8 86. 14 20. [OR 218 18 2.18 [CI 106 06 1.0 4.50 450 50 210 10 2.10 4.15 415 15 0.0 00 21 2.1 1. 4.5 45 4.1 41 0. 2. 4.

Abstract Background Genetic polymorphisms have been shown to influence several physiological traits, including dental and craniofacial characteristics. Understanding the clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in dental practice is crucial to personalize treatment plans and improve treatment outcomes. Objective to evaluate the association between dental age and genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) in a sample of Brazilian children. Methodology This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed with children undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients with syndromes, congenital anomalies, craniofacial deformities, under hormonal or systemic treatment, and with a previous history of facial trauma were excluded. Panoramic radiographs were used to assess dental age according to the Demirjian, Goldstein, and Tanner method. A delta [dental age-chronological age (DA-CA)] was obtained, which shows whether the patient tends to have a normal, delayed (negative values), or advanced (positive values) dental age. DNA isolated from buccal cells was used to genotype four genetic polymorphisms: rs9340799 (A>G) and rs2234693 (C>T), located in ESR1; and rs1256049 (C>T) and rs4986938 (C>T), located in ESR2. A statistical analysis was performed and values of p<0.05 indicated statistical difference. Results A total of 79 patients were included, 44 (55.70%) girls and 35 (44.30%) boys. The Demirjian, Goldstein, and Tanner method, in general, overestimated patients’ age by 0.75 years. There was no difference in the delta of dental age between the sexes (p>0.05). Genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with dental age (p>0.05). Conclusion The studied genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with dental age in Brazilian children. traits characteristics outcomes ESR (ESR respectively crosssectional cross sectional syndromes anomalies deformities excluded Demirjian Goldstein method agechronological chronological DACA DA CA (DA-CA) obtained normal negative values, , positive rs rs934079 A>G AG G (A>G rs223469 C>T, CT C>T C T rs125604 (C>T rs498693 p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 7 included 4 55.70% 5570 55 70 (55.70% 3 44.30% 4430 30 (44.30% boys general 075 75 0.7 years p>0.05. p>0.05 . (p>0.05) (DA-CA rs93407 rs22346 rs12560 rs49869 p00 p<0. 55.70 557 5 (55.70 44.30 443 (44.30 07 0. p>0.0 (p>0.05 rs9340 rs2234 rs1256 rs4986 p0 p<0 55.7 (55.7 44.3 (44.3 p>0. (p>0.0 rs934 rs223 rs125 rs498 p< 55. (55. 44. (44. p>0 (p>0. rs93 rs22 rs12 rs49 (55 (44 p> (p>0 rs9 rs2 rs1 rs4 (5 (4 (p> ( (p

Abstract Background: Risk stratification on admission of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is considered a clear strategy for effective treatment, early intervention, and survival. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality from cardiac causes after STEMI. Methods: Observational, retrospective, longitudinal study, with a quantitative approach, based on data from the medical records of individuals diagnosed with STEMI treated at the Emergency Room of a large hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2011 to July 2016. The outcome of interest was 30-day in-hospital mortality from after STEMI. For statistical analysis, the Pearson's chi-square test, Spearman's correlation and multivariable Cox-regression analysis were used, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Of the 459 patients, 55 (12%) died from cardiac causes within 30 days after STEMI. Mean admission SBP of these patients was 109.08mmHg. The incidence of death was higher in women (23.7%), patients with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) (13.8%) and elderly patients (16.5%). The elderly — heart rate (HR) = 3.54 — and women — HR = 2.55 — had a statistically significant higher risk of progressing to death when compared to younger adults and men. The highest admission SBP had a protective effect (HR = 0.97), reducing the chance of death by 3%. Conclusion: SBP on admission, female gender and advanced age were significant risk factors for death within 30 days after STEMI. Background STelevation ST elevation (STEMI treatment intervention survival Objective inhospital Methods Observational retrospective approach Gerais Brazil 201 2016 30day day Pearsons Pearson s chisquare chi square test Spearmans Spearman Coxregression Cox regression used 005 0 05 0.05 Results 45 5 12% 12 (12% 3 10908mmHg mmHg 109 08mmHg 109.08mmHg 23.7%, 237 23.7% , 23 7 (23.7%) SAH (SAH 13.8% 138 13 8 (13.8% 16.5%. 165 16.5% . 16 (16.5%) 354 54 3.5 255 2 2.5 men 0.97, 097 0.97 97 0.97) 3% Conclusion 20 00 0.0 4 1 (12 10 23.7 (23.7% 13.8 (13.8 16.5 (16.5% 35 3. 25 2. 09 0.9 9 0. (1 23. (23.7 13. (13. 16. (16.5 ( (23. (13 (16. (23 (16 (2

Abstract This study evaluated how Er,Cr:YSGG laser, associated or not with 5% fluoride varnish, influences the surface roughness and volume loss of bovine root dentin submitted to erosive and/or abrasive wear. One hundred and twenty dentin specimens were divided into the groups: without preventive treatment (WPT), 5% fluoride varnish (FV); Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (L), and varnish combined with laser (FV + L). The specimens (n = 10) were subdivided into: 1 = erosion (E); 2 = abrasion (A); and 3 = erosion followed by abrasion (E + A). The erosive solution used was a soft-drink (pH = 2.42 at 4ºC) applied in 5-min cycles twice a day for 10d. Abrasive wear involved brushing for 60s with an electric brush (1,600-oscillations/s) at a load of 2.0N. Surface roughness and volume loss were evaluated using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Roughness data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. For volume loss, the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc tests were used (α = 5%). The lowest values of roughness were found in the control areas of all subgroups (p > 0.05). In the experimental area, the [(WPT) + (E+A)] subgroup had a significantly higher roughness (5.712 ± 0.163 μm 2 ) than the other subgroups (p < 0.05). The L and (FV + L) groups had statistically similar roughness, regardless of the type of wear. The (FV + L) group had the lowest volume loss, regardless of the type of wear performed: [(FV + L) + (E)] = 7.5%, [(FV + L) + (A) = 7.3%, and [(FV + L) + (E + A)] = 8.1%. The subgroup [(WPT) + (E + A)] had the highest volume loss (52.3%). The proposed treatments were effective in controlling dentin roughness. Laser irradiation can be an effective method to increase root dentin resistance after challenges and limit problems related to non-carious lesions.

Resumo Objetivo: Uma série de represas ao longo do curso de um rio formam o complexo sistema em cascata de reservatórios. A interconectividade dessas represas são percebidas com a redução da turbidez e fósforo e aumento da riqueza de espécie ao longo do sistema. Além disso, cada reservatório possui suas características, bióticas e abióticas, que devem ser avaliadas e utilizadas como instrumento na elaboração de propostas de manejo contínuo das bacias hidrográficas. O rio Jacuí, com cinco represas inseridas ao longo do seu curso superior, é um importante recurso hídrico do estado do RS, explorado para geração de energia e agricultura, no entanto seus efeitos na comunidade fitoplanctônica das represas construídas em cascata ainda é desconhecido. Dessa forma o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar padrões espaciais e temporais do fitoplâncton associadas às características climatológicas e limnológicas dos reservatórios de água Ernestina e Itaúba, localizados no curso superior do rio Jacuí, RS, Brasil. Métodos Campanhas amostrais foram realizadas sazonalmente de janeiro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013, com quatro estações amostrais dentro de cada represa e em três diferentes profundidades. As unidades amostrais foram determinadas de acordo com as três zonas do reservatório: zonas de rio, transição e lago. Resultados Foram identificadas 91 espécies fitoplanctônicas em Ernestina e 130 em Itaúba. Não houve diferença significativa entre padrões verticais e horizontais, pois a comunidade respondeu a mudanças sazonais e as características especificas de cada represa. Conclusões A riqueza de espécies e a transparência da água aumentou a jusante do sistema e alterações no tempo de retenção da água foram importantes para densidade e composição de células.

Abstract Aim: A series of dams along the course of a river forms a complex cascading reservoir system. The interconnectivity of the dams is perceived with the reduction of turbidity and phosphorus and the increase of specific richness throughout the system. Designing a management system that promotes the integration of biotic and abiotic data is essential to these resources of recognized importance for the population, the country's power generation and watersheds management. The Jacuí River is an important water resource in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, along its upper course, five water reservoirs comprise a cascade system tapped for energy generation and agriculture, but the effects on the phytoplankton community of cascading dams are still unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton associated with climatological and limnological characteristics of the Ernestina and Itaúba water reservoirs, located in the upper Jacuí River, RS, Brazil. Methods Sampling campaigns were carried out seasonally from January 2012 to February 2013, with four sampling stations within each dam and at three different depths. The sampling units were determined according to the three zones of the reservoir: river areas, transition and lake. Results: A total of 91 phytoplankton species were identified in Ernestina and 130 in Itaúba. There was no significant difference between vertical and horizontal patterns, since the community responded to seasonal changes and the specific characteristics of each dam. Conclusions The specific richness and water transparency increased downstream of the system and changes in water retention time were important for cell density and composition.

Em determinadas áreas de arroz, ocorre o desenvolvimento de algas que, dependendo da quantidade e associadas com presença de residual no solo de herbicidas do grupo das imidazolinonas, afetam o desenvolvimento do arroz na fase inicial. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar manejos da adubação de arroz na composição e estrutura das comunidades de algas e na produtividade de arroz irrigado em áreas com residual de herbicidas do grupo das imidazolinonas. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2008/09, na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, onde havia sido aplicado imazethapyr + imazapic na dose de (120+40g i.a. ha-1), na safra 2007/08. Os tratamentos foram compostos por manejos de adubação e duas cultivares de arroz irrigado. A cultivar 'IRGA 417' apresentou maior fitotoxicidade, mas, da mesma forma que os manejos de adubação, esta não interferiu na produtividade de grãos e no desenvolvimento de algas. Os manejos de adubação utilizados e a fitotoxicidade de plantas não influenciam no desenvolvimento de microalgas no fitoplâncton e no perifíton, bem como na produtividade das cultivares de arroz irrigado 'IRGA 422 CL' e 'IRGA 417'.

Several rice producing areas where soil residuals of imidazolinone herbicides are present have shown the development of algae blooms, which, depending on density, may affect rice plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer management systems on the composition and structure of algae communities and also on rice yield in irrigated areas with imidazolinone soil residuals. The experiment was carried out in the crop year of 2008/09, at the Federal University of Santa Maria, where a field had been treated with imazethapyr + imazapic (120+40g i.a. ha-1) in the crop year 2 of 2007/08. The treatments included two different fertilizer management systems and two rice cultivars. The 'IRGA 417' showed greater phytotoxicity, but in the same way as the fertilizer managements, it did not affect rice productivity or the development of algae. Thus, the two fertilizer management systems tested and also the phytotoxicity of rice plants did not cause changes on the development of planktonic and periphytic algae, neither did it affect the yield of rice cultivars 'IRGA 422 CL' and 'IRGA 417'.

Este estudo avaliou a influência de um refrigerante a base de cola e um suco de laranja a base de soja na erosão da superfície e subsuperfície do esmalte do dente decíduo, em função do tempo de exposição. Setenta e cinco incisivos decíduos foram divididos para o teste de microdureza (n=45) ou para a análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) (n=30). Os espécimes foram alocados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos: I - saliva artificial (controle); II - refrigerante a base de cola; e III - suco de laranja a base de soja. Ciclos de imersão nas bebidas foram realizados sob agitação durante 5 min, 3 vezes ao dia, durante 60 dias. A microdureza superficial foi mensurada aos 7, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias. Após 60 dias, os espécimes foram seccionados e a microdureza subsuperficial foi mensurada aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 200 μm. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α=5%). Os grupos II e III apresentam uma diminuição similar da microdureza superficial. O grupo II apresentou menores valores de microdureza subsuperficial. As imagens de MEV revelaram que após 60 dias as superficies mostraram perdas de estruturas claramentes identificadas, diferentemente das superfícies imersas em saliva artificial. Pode-se concluir que a erosão das superficies expostas ao refrigerante a base de cola foi mais acentuada e diretamente proporcional ao tempo de exposição à bebida.

This study evaluated the influence of a cola-type soft drink and a soy-based orange juice on the surface and subsurface erosion of primary enamel, as a function of the exposure time. Seventy-five primary incisors were divided for microhardness test (n=45) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (n=30). The specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1 - artificial saliva (control); 2 - cola-type soft drink; and 3 - soy-based orange juice. Immersion cycles in the beverages were undertaken under agitation for 5 min, 3 times a day, during 60 days. Surface microhardness was measured at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. After 60 days, specimens were bisected and subsurface microhardness was measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 200 µm from the surface exposed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). Groups 2 and 3 presented similar decrease of surface microhardness. Regarding subsurface microhardness, group 2 presented the lowest values. SEM images revealed that after 60 days the surfaces clearly exhibited structural loss, unlike those immersed in artificial saliva. It may be concluded that erosion of the surfaces exposed to the cola-type soft drink was more accentuated and directly proportional to the exposure time.

Este artigo utiliza entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação direta para discutir a árdua busca de segurança entre trabalhadores de moto-entrega (motoboys) de Salvador. Mostra como o déficit de vigilância faz esta categoria desenvolver uma ação social defensiva múltipla contra crimes predatórios visando seus veículos, encomendas e pertences pessoais. Demonstra como as (des)vantagens ecológicas dos espaços urbanos estruturam e são, por sua vez, estruturadas por esta ação defensiva. Estabelece ainda uma distinção entre as táticas socioespaciais restritivas, fundadas na própria capacidade de vigilância, e as táticas expansivas, envolvendo a negociação de recursos de vigilância de terceiros.

Based on semi-structured interviews and direct observation, this paper discusses the stress-filled pursuit of safety by motorcycle couriers (motoboys) in Salvador, Brazil. A lack of capable guardianship forces these workers to take multi-faceted defensive social action against predatory crime to protect their vehicles, consignments, and personal belongings. The ecological (dis)advantages of urban spaces structure are, in turn, structured by this defensive action. Restrictive socio-spatial tactics based on individual guardianship capabilities are compared and contrasted with expansive socio-spatial tactics involving the negotiation of guardianship resources with others. The conclusion is that, although restrictive and expansive tactics are complementary, the former are more effective means of reducing the ecological disadvantages affecting motoboys than the latter.

Cet article utilise des interviews semi-structurées ainsi que l'observation directe pour aborder la pénible quête de sécurité des coursiers (à moto) de la ville de Salvador, au Brésil. Il montre de quelle façon le manque de sûreté oblige cette catégorie professionnelle à développer une action sociale défensive contre les attaques envers leurs véhicules, marchandises et biens personnels. Nous démontrons comment les (dés)avantages écologiques des espaces urbains structurent et sont à leur tour structurés par cette action défensive. Nous distinguons également les tactiques sociospatiales restrictives, fondées sur la propre capacité de vigilance et les tactiques expansives, qui englobent la négociation de ressources de vigilance de tierces personnes.

Este estudo avaliou in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento (RC) de um selante resinoso [Fluroshield (F), Dentsply/Caulk] em associação com um sistema adesivo de condicionamento total [Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), 3M/ESPE] ou auto-condicionante [Clearfil S3 Bond (S3), Kuraray Co., Ltd.] após contaminação salivar do esmalte, comparando dois protocolos: fotopolimerização individual do sistema adesivo e do selante ou simultânea de ambos os materiais. Superfícies mesiais e distais de esmalte de 45 terceiros molares hígidos foram aleatoriamente alocadas em 6 grupos (n=15), de acordo com a técnica adesiva empregada: I - F foi aplicado sobre o esmalte condicionado com ácido fosfórico a 37%. Os demais grupos foram contaminados com saliva (0,01 mL por 10 s) após o condicionamento ácido. II - SB e F foram fotopolimerizados separadamente; III - SB e F foram fotopolimerizados simultaneamente; IV - S3 e F foram fotopolimerizados separadamente; V - S3 e F foram fotopolimerizados simultaneamente; VI - F foi aplicado sobre o esmalte condicionado e contaminado sem sistema adesivo. RC foi testada em uma máquina universal de ensaios (0,5 mm/min; 50 kgf) e os dados analisados por ANOVA a 1 fator e teste exato de Fisher (α=0,05). As interfaces adesivas foram analisadas quanto ao padrão de fraturas em estereomicroscópio. Três espécimes de cada grupo foram analisados qualitativamente em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. As médias de RC em MPa foram: I-12,28 (±4,29); II-8,57 (±3,19); III-7,97 (±2,16); IV-12,56 (±3,11); V-11,45 (±3,77); e VI-7,47 (±1,99). Conclui-se que a fotopolimerização individual ou simultânea do sistema adesivo e do selante não afetou os valores de RC ao esmalte contaminado. S3/F apresentou RC estatisticamente maior do que os grupos tratados com o sistema adesivo etch-and-rinse SB e estatisticamente semelhante ao grupo controle, no qual o selante foi aplicado em condições ideais, na ausência de contaminação salivar.

This study evaluated in vitro the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin-based pit-and-fissure sealant [Fluroshield (F), Dentsply/Caulk] associated with either an etch-and-rinse [Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), 3M/ESPE] or a self-etching adhesive system [Clearfil S3 Bond (S3), Kuraray Co., Ltd.] to saliva-contaminated enamel, comparing two curing protocols: individual light curing of the adhesive system and the sealant or simultaneous curing of both materials. Mesial and distal enamel surfaces from 45 sound third molars were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=15), according to the bonding technique: I - F was applied to 37% phosphoric acid etched enamel. The other groups were contaminated with fresh human saliva (0.01 mL; 10 s) after acid etching: II - SB and F were light cured separately; III - SB and F were light cured together; IV - S3 and F were light cured separately; V - S3 and F were light cured simultaneously; VI - F was applied to saliva-contaminated, acid-etched enamel without an intermediate bonding agent layer. SBS was tested to failure in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (α=0.05).The debonded specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope to assess the failure modes. Three representative specimens from each group were observed under scanning electron microscopy for a qualitative analysis. Mean SBS in MPa were: I-12.28 (±4.29); II-8.57 (±3.19); III-7.97 (±2.16); IV-12.56 (±3.11); V-11.45 (±3.77); and VI-7.47 (±1.99). In conclusion, individual or simultaneous curing of the intermediate bonding agent layer and the resin sealant did not seem to affect bond strength to saliva-contaminated enamel. S3/F presented significantly higher SBS than the that of the groups treated with SB etch-and-rinse adhesive system and similar SBS to that of the control group, in which the sealant was applied under ideal dry, noncontaminated conditions.

Estudo taxonômico de diatomáceas perifíticas em substrato artificial (fio de poliamida) foi realizado nos arroios Sampaio e Sampainho, localizados na Depressão Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A investigação baseou-se em amostragens mensais, realizadas no período de um ano (julho de 1994 a junho de 1995). Foram identificados, descritos e ilustrados vinte e um táxons infragenéricos, distribuídos em treze gêneros e onze famílias. Achnanthes rupestoides Hohn, Diadesmis brekkaensis (Petersen) D. G. Mann, Navicula tenelloides Hustedt e Placoneis elginensis (Gregory) E. J. Cox são registrados pela primeira vez em ambientes lóticos no Estado.

Taxonomic study of periphitic diatoms on an artificial substrate (polyamide threads) was undertaken in the Sampaio and Sampainho streams, that are located in the Depressão Central region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The investigation was based on monthly sampling taken from July 1994 to June 1995. Twenty one infrageneric taxa distributed in thirteen genera and eleven families were identified, described and illustrated. Achnanthes rupestoides Hohn, Diadesmis brekkaensis (Petersen) D. G. Mann, Navicula tenelloides Hustedt and Placoneis elginensis (Gregory) E. J. Cox are registered for the first time in lotic environments in this state.