ABSTRACT Alloys of the Al-Mg-Sc system are possible options for use in aircraft aiming to reduce structural weight and fuel consumption, due to the demand for advanced metal alloys with better properties, but at a less attractive cost. Considering the potential of these alloys, the present work aimed to evaluate the use of Scalmalloy® in one aircraft component: wings spars, and the values of desired properties for this component were discussed. The mechanical properties of these alloys were consulted in the Aleris datasheet for alloys 5024 and 5028. Consultations were made to the data in the literature, and subsequent comparisons of values of the mechanical properties and Merit Indexes: E1/2/ρ, δy2/3/ρ, E1/2/Cmρ, δy2/3/Cmρ between Scalmalloy® and the traditional alloys, using Cambridge Engineering Selector® 2019 software. It can be seen in the results indicated in Ashby diagrams and tables produced that, for wings spars, the Al-Mg-Sc AA5028-H116, produced by additive manufacturing, has the highest index E1/2/ρ equal to 3.19 and the highest index δy2/3/ρ equal to 25.313. However, the index E1/2/Cmρ is equal to 0.17 and the index δy2/3/Cmρ is equal to 1.35. Therefore, it was found that AA5028-H116 has the potential to replace the traditional alloys, despite its higher price.

RESUMO Neste artigo pretendemos investigar a influência de Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz no percurso intelectual de João Batista Libanio. Para isso assumiremos como ponto de partida o texto “Lições do Mestre”, escrito por Libanio. Também examinaremos o artigo “Cristianismo e pensamento Utópico” e a resenha sobre a obra “Teologia da Libertação: roteiros didáticos para um estudo”, ambos escritos por Lima Vaz. Trata-se de investigar de que modo a influência de Lima Vaz marcou o modo de fazer teologia próprio de Libanio. Libanio Lições Mestre, Mestre , Mestre” Cristianismo Utópico Teologia Libertação estudo, estudo estudo” Tratase Trata se

ABSTRACT In this article we intend to investigate the influence of Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz on the intellectual route of João Batista Libanio. For this, we took as a starting point the text “Lições do Mestre”, written by Libanio. We will also examine the article “Cristianismo e pensamento utópico” and the review of the book Teologia da Libertação: roteiro didático para um estudo, both written by Lima Vaz. The aim is to investigate how Lima Vaz’s influence marked Libano’s own way of doing theology. Libanio Lições Mestre, Mestre , Mestre” Cristianismo utópico Libertação estudo Vazs s Libanos Libano theology

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as características sociodemográficas das minorias sexuais e de gênero que convivem frequentemente com filhos(as) e verificar se existe associação entre convívio frequente com filhos(as) e os cuidados em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados do inquérito de saúde LGBT+, realizado no Brasil em 2020 (agosto-novembro) de forma on-line e anônima, totalizado 958 participantes. O convívio frequente com filhos(as) foi avaliado pela moradia com filhos(as) ou encontros presenciais quinzenais com filhos(as) que moram em outro domicílio. Os cuidados em saúde incluíram ter um profissional ou serviço de referência, sentir-se à vontade para contar seus problemas e receber tratamento médico ou hospitalar de pior qualidade. A regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi usada na análise estatística. A prevalência de convívio com filhos(as) foi de 5,3%. Após o ajuste por idade, verificou-se uma prevalência estatisticamente maior em mulheres cisgênero (13,4%) e entre pretos/pardos e outras raças/cores não brancas (7,9%). Observou-se que o convívio frequente com filhos(as) foi positivamente associado apenas a receber tratamento médico ou hospitalar de pior qualidade (RP=6,00; IC95% 1,22-29,67). Esses achados destacam que ainda há estigma/preconceito nos serviços de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic profile of sexual and gender minorities who regularly interact with children and investigate whether such frequent interactions are associated with healthcare factors. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the LGBT+ Health Survey in Brazil, conducted online and anonymously from August to November 2020 with 958 participants. Regular interaction with children was defined as living with children or engaging in bi-weekly face-to-face meetings with children residing in different households. Healthcare factors encompass having a professional or reference service, feeling comfortable in discussing personal issues, and receiving worse quality medical or hospital care. The statistical analysis used the Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of interaction with children was 5.3%. We observed a statistically higher prevalence among cisgender women (13.4%) and Black/brown and other non-white people (7.9%) after adjusting for age. The results showed a positive association only between regular interaction with children and worse-quality medical or hospital care received (PR=6.00; 95%CI 1.22-29.67). These findings highlight a persistent stigma and prejudice within healthcare services.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify the independent factors associated with steatosis. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria were males over 18 years of age with chronic traumatic SCI enrolled in a rehabilitation programme. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed using a stepwise variable selection procedure. Results: After exclusion criteria, 160 participants were included. The prevalence of MASLD was 19%. Men with hepatic steatosis were older, had a higher prevalence of hypogonadism, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, they exhibited significantly higher levels of ALT, AST and GGT. The mean time since the SCI was 7.8 years in those with steatosis and 4.3 years in those without. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed age (p < 0.001 OR: 1.07), time since SCI (p = 0.025, OR: 1.11) and total testosterone ≤ 300 ng/dL (p = 0.036, OR: 3.35) as significant independent variables associated with steatosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a prevalence of MASLD in men with SCI similar to that of the general population. Independent factors associated with steatosis were age, time since injury and total testosterone. Notably, individuals with testosterone levels ≤ 300 ng/dL were 3.35 times more likely to have steatosis compared to those with higher testosterone levels. Objective dysfunctionassociated dysfunction (MASLD (SCI methods crosssectional cross sectional study 1 programme procedure Results 16 included 19 19% older hypogonadism mellitus Additionally ALT GGT 78 7 8 7. 43 4 3 4. without p 0001 0 001 0.00 OR 1.07, 107 1.07 , 07 1.07) 0025 025 0.025 1.11 111 11 30 ngdL ng dL 0036 036 0.036 335 35 Conclusion population Notably 3.3 000 00 0.0 10 1.0 002 02 0.02 1.1 003 03 0.03 33 3. 0. 1.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as características sociodemográficas das minorias sexuais e de gênero que convivem frequentemente com filhos(as) e verificar se existe associação entre convívio frequente com filhos(as) e os cuidados em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados do inquérito de saúde LGBT+, realizado no Brasil em 2020 (agosto-novembro) de forma on-line e anônima, totalizado 958 participantes. O convívio frequente com filhos(as) foi avaliado pela moradia com filhos(as) ou encontros presenciais quinzenais com filhos(as) que moram em outro domicílio. Os cuidados em saúde incluíram ter um profissional ou serviço de referência, sentir-se à vontade para contar seus problemas e receber tratamento médico ou hospitalar de pior qualidade. A regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi usada na análise estatística. A prevalência de convívio com filhos(as) foi de 5,3%. Após o ajuste por idade, verificou-se uma prevalência estatisticamente maior em mulheres cisgênero (13,4%) e entre pretos/pardos e outras raças/cores não brancas (7,9%). Observou-se que o convívio frequente com filhos(as) foi positivamente associado apenas a receber tratamento médico ou hospitalar de pior qualidade (RP=6,00; IC95% 1,22-29,67). Esses achados destacam que ainda há estigma/preconceito nos serviços de saúde. Objetivouse Objetivou filhosas filhos filhos(as Tratase Trata LGBT LGBT+ 202 agostonovembro agosto novembro (agosto-novembro online on line anônima 95 participantes domicílio referência sentirse sentir estatística 53 5 3 5,3% idade verificouse verificou 13,4% 134 13 4 (13,4% pretospardos pretos pardos raçascores raças cores 7,9%. 79 7,9% . 7 9 (7,9%) Observouse Observou RP=6,00 RP600 RP 6 00 (RP=6,00 IC95 IC 1,2229,67. 1222967 1,22 29,67 1 22 29 67 1,22-29,67) estigmapreconceito estigma preconceito 20 5,3 13,4 (13,4 7,9 (7,9% RP=6,0 RP60 0 (RP=6,0 IC9 2229 1,2229,67 122296 122 1,2 2967 29,6 2 1,22-29,67 5, 13, (13, 7, (7,9 RP=6, RP6 (RP=6, 222 1,2229,6 12229 12 1, 296 29, 1,22-29,6 (13 (7, RP=6 (RP=6 1,2229, 1222 1,22-29, (1 (7 RP= (RP= 1,2229 1,22-29 ( (RP 1,222 1,22-2 1,22-

Abstract This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic profile of sexual and gender minorities who regularly interact with children and investigate whether such frequent interactions are associated with healthcare factors. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the LGBT+ Health Survey in Brazil, conducted online and anonymously from August to November 2020 with 958 participants. Regular interaction with children was defined as living with children or engaging in bi-weekly face-to-face meetings with children residing in different households. Healthcare factors encompass having a professional or reference service, feeling comfortable in discussing personal issues, and receiving worse quality medical or hospital care. The statistical analysis used the Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of interaction with children was 5.3%. We observed a statistically higher prevalence among cisgender women (13.4%) and Black/brown and other non-white people (7.9%) after adjusting for age. The results showed a positive association only between regular interaction with children and worse-quality medical or hospital care received (PR=6.00; 95%CI 1.22-29.67). These findings highlight a persistent stigma and prejudice within healthcare services. crosssectional cross sectional LGBT Brazil 202 95 participants biweekly bi weekly facetoface face households service issues variance 53 5 3 5.3% 13.4% 134 13 4 (13.4% Blackbrown Black brown nonwhite non white 7.9% 79 7 9 (7.9% age worsequality PR=6.00 PR600 PR 6 00 (PR=6.00 95CI CI 1.2229.67. 1222967 1.22 29.67 . 1 22 29 67 1.22-29.67) services 20 5.3 13.4 (13.4 7.9 (7.9 PR=6.0 PR60 0 (PR=6.0 2229 1.2229.67 122296 122 1.2 2967 29.6 2 1.22-29.67 5. 13. (13. 7. (7. PR=6. PR6 (PR=6. 222 1.2229.6 12229 12 1. 296 29. 1.22-29.6 (13 (7 PR=6 (PR=6 1.2229. 1222 1.22-29. (1 ( PR= (PR= 1.2229 1.22-29 (PR 1.222 1.22-2 1.22-

Abstract Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate Liver-Related Events (LREs), including hepatic decompensation (ascites, hemorrhagic varices and encephalopathy) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), as well as changes in liver stiffness during the follow-up period among patients who achieved a Sustained Virological Response (SVR) after treatment for chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. Methods A total of 218 patients with HCV were treated, and those who achieved an SVR were followed up for 3-years. Transient Elastography (TE) using FibroScan® was performed at various time points: before treatment, at the end of treatment, at 6-months post-treatment, at 1-year post-treatment, at 2-years post-treatment, and at 3-years post-treatment. Results At 6-months post-treatment, a Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) cutoff of > 19 KPa was identified, leading to a 14.5-fold increase in the hazard of negative outcomes, including decompensation and/or HCC. The analysis of relative changes in liver stiffness between pre-treatment and 6-months posttreatment revealed that a reduction in LSM of -10 % was associated with a -12 % decrease in the hazard of decompensation and/or HCC, with this trend continuing as the LSM reduction reached -40 %, resulting in a -41 % hazard of decompensation and/or HCC. Conversely, an increase in the relative change during this period, such as an LSM increase of +10 %, led to a + 14 % increase in the hazard of decompensation. In cases where this relative change in LSM was +50 %, the hazard of decompensation increased to +92. Conclusion Transient elastography using FibroScan® can be a good tool for monitoring HCV patients with SVR after treatment to predict LREs in the long term. LiverRelated Related LREs, , (LREs) ascites, ascites (ascites encephalopathy HCC (HCC) followup follow (SVR (HCV infection 21 treated 3years. 3years years 3 years. TE (TE FibroScan points 6months months 6 posttreatment, post post-treatment 1year year 1 2years 2 posttreatment. treatment. (LSM identified 14.5fold 145fold fold 14.5 5 outcomes andor or pretreatment pre 10 -1 12 40 -4 41 Conversely +1 50 +5 92 +92 term (LREs (HCC 5fold 145 14. - 4 9 +9

Abstract Introduction The advent of the endoscope has enabled the use of the endonasal approach for a variety of diseases. Studying the ethmoidal canals is important for surgeries of the paranasal sinuses and the anterior base of the skull. Objective To investigate the ethmoidal canals and evaluate their structure, the presence of vessels and nerves, their location, and to perform an anatomopathological study of their contents. Methods We evaluated 20 cadavers (20 left and 20 right nasal cavities) through endoscopic dissection of the anterior base of the skull and exposure of the medial periorbita and dura mater; then, the ethmoidal canals were located and measured in relation to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and between the ethmoidal canals, followed by removal of their content for histological analysis. Results Vessels were present in 75% of the left anterior ethmoidal canals, 70% of the left posterior ethmoidal canals, 75% of the left middle ethmoidal canals, 85% of the right anterior ethmoid canals, and 64.5% of the right posterior ethmoid canals; 50% of the right middle ethmoidal canals contained one vessel. Conclusion The ethmoidal canal does not necessarily contain an ethmoidal artery. Studies with a larger sample should be performed to quantify the correct proportion of arteries and ethmoidal canals. diseases structure nerves location contents 2 (2 cavities mater then analysis 75 70 85 645 64 5 64.5 50 vessel artery ( 7 8 6 64.

Abstract This paper describes the fishing profile and the temporal variation in the commercial landings of elasmobranchs in a global hotspot for their conservation and investigates the variables that influenced the landings. Census data on commercial catches were obtained between April 2008 and October 2010 from nine landing sites in Bragança (Pará, northern Brazil). Five vessel types, four fishing gears, and eight fishing techniques engaged with elasmobranch capture were identified. A total of 2,357 landings were recorded, with a total production of 354 t. The highest yields were recorded in 2009, with sharks being harvested mostly by small and medium-sized vessels, and batoids, by small vessels and canoes. Drifting nets and longlines played a prominent role in elasmobranch fisheries. The results show that the landings were influenced by days at sea, which is common in tropical fisheries. The elasmobranch data series is discontinuous as statistics are absent for most fishing sites albeit imperative for proper management, as well as relevant for decision-makers focusing on their conservation. 200 201 Pará, Pará (Pará Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) types gears identified 2357 2 357 2,35 35 t 2009 mediumsized medium sized batoids canoes fisheries sea management decisionmakers decision makers 20 235 2,3 3 23 2,

ABSTRACT Background: This manuscript provides an overview of liver carcinogenesis in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Objective: A review through MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to assess articles until August 2022. Methods: Search was conducted of the entire electronic databases and the keywords used was HCC, CCA, carcinogenesis, animal models and liver. Articles exclusion was based on the lack of close relation to the subject. Carcinogenesis models of HCC include HCC induced by senescence in transgenic animals, HCC diet-induced, HCC induced by chemotoxicagents, xenograft, oncogenes, and HCC in transgenic animals inoculated with B and C virus. The models of CCA include the use of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), thioacetamide (TAA), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCA murine models may also be induced by: CCA cells, genetic manipulation, Smad4, PTEN and p53 knockout, xenograft, and DEN-left median bile duct ligation. Results: In this review, we described different murine models of carcinogenesis that reproduce the key points for HCC and CCA genesis allowing a better understanding of its genetic, physiopathological, and environmental abnormalities. Conclusion: Each model has its advantages, disadvantages, similarities, and differences with the corresponding human disease and should be chosen according to the specificity of the study. Ultimately, those models can also be used for testing new anticancer therapeutic approaches.

RESUMO Contexto: Este manuscrito fornece uma visão geral da carcinogênese hepática em modelos murinos de carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) e colangiocarcinoma (CCA). Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de artigos científicos até agosto de 2022 utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE e EMBASE. Métodos: A busca foi realizada em todas as bases de dados eletrônicas e as palavras-chave usadas foram CHC, CCA, carcinogenesis, modelos animais e fígado. A exclusão dos artigos baseou-se na falta de estreita relação com o assunto. Os modelos de carcinogênese do CHC incluíram: CHC induzido por senescência em animais transgênicos, CHC induzido por dieta, CHC induzido por agentes quimiotóxicos, xenoenxerto, oncogenes e CHC em animais transgênicos inoculados com vírus B e C. Os modelos de CCA incluíram: o uso de dimetilnitrosamina (DMN), dietilnitrosamina (DEN), tioacetamida (TAA) e tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4). Os modelos murinos de CCA induzidos por incluir: células de CCA, manipulação genética, animais nocaute para Smad4, PTEN e p53, xenoenxerto e ligadura do ducto biliar mediano esquerdo. Resultados: Nesta revisão, descrevemos diferentes modelos murinos de carcinogênese que reproduzem os pontos-chave para a gênese do CHC e do CCA, permitindo uma melhor compreensão de suas anormalidades genéticas, fisiopatológicas e ambientais. Conclusão: Cada modelo tem suas vantagens, desvantagens, semelhanças e diferenças com a doença humana correspondente e deve ser escolhido de acordo com a especificidade do estudo. Em última análise, esses modelos também podem ser utilizados para testar novas abordagens terapêuticas anticancerígenas.

RESUMO Contexto: Estudos recentes mostram um aumento da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em populações com maior consumo de carne vermelha, processada e cozida em altas temperaturas. Por outro lado, o polimorfismo rs738409 no gene Patatin-like fosfolipase contendo 3 (PNPLA3) tem sido implicado na suscetibilidade à DHGNA e fibrose hepática. No entanto, o efeito sinérgico entre o consumo de carne vermelha e o polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 na DHGNA ainda não foi avaliado. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a presença do polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 e o consumo de macronutrientes, incluindo o consumo de carne e seu modo de cozimento em pacientes com DHGNA. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal com 91 pacientes diagnosticados com DHGNA por biópsia hepática e genotipados para o polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3. O consumo de calorias e macronutrientes foi verificado por meio do questionário de frequência alimentar semi-quantitativo (QFA) e do questionário específico sobre consumo de carnes. O polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 foi analisado por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR) e a avaliação antropométrica foi realizada. Resultados: O índice de massa corporal médio foi de 32,38±4,58 kg/m² e a circunferência da cintura foi de 107±10 cm. Na biópsia hepática, 42% dos pacientes apresentavam fibrose significativa (F≥2). O odds ratio de F≥2 foi de 2,12 para o grupo GG e 1,54 para o grupo GC, comparado ao grupo CC. A ingestão calórica média foi de 1.170±463,20 kcal/d. O odds ratio para alto consumo de carne vermelha no grupo CC em comparação ao baixo consumo foi de 1,33. Para a carne branca, este valor foi de 0,8 ao comparar o alto e o baixo consumo, também no grupo CC. Conclusão: A alta ingestão de carne vermelha e o polimorfismo no gene PNPLA3 parecem afetar sinergicamente a DHGNA e a fibrose hepática, necessitando de confirmação em maior número de pacientes e em diferentes populações. Contexto (DHGNA temperaturas lado rs rs73840 Patatinlike Patatin like PNPLA (PNPLA3 entanto avaliado Objetivo Métodos 9 semiquantitativo semi quantitativo QFA (QFA carnes RTPCR RT PCR (RT-PCR realizada Resultados 3238458 32 38 4 58 32,38±4,5 kgm² kgm kg m² m kg/m 10710 107 10 107±1 cm 42 F≥2. F2 F . 2 (F≥2) F≥ 212 12 2,1 154 1 54 1,5 GC 117046320 170 463 20 1.170±463,2 kcald kcal d kcal/d 133 33 1,33 branca 08 0 8 0, Conclusão rs7384 (PNPLA 323845 5 32,38±4, 1071 107± (F≥2 21 2, 15 1, 11704632 17 46 1.170±463, 13 1,3 rs738 32384 32,38±4 (F≥ 1170463 1.170±463 rs73 3238 32,38± (F 117046 1.170±46 rs7 323 32,38 11704 1.170±4 32,3 1170 1.170± 32, 117 1.170 11 1.17 1.1 1.

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies show an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in populations with higher consumption of red meat, processed and cooked at high temperatures. On the other hand, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 in the Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene has been implicated in susceptibility to NAFLD and liver fibrosis. However, the synergistic effect between red meat consumption and the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in NAFLD has not yet been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the association between the presence of the polymorphism in the PNPLA3 gene and the consumption of macronutrients, including meat consumption and its cooking method among NAFLD patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 91 patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy with genotyping for the polymorphism in the PNPLA3 gene were included. The consumption of calories and macronutrients was verified using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the specific questionnaire on meat consumption. PNPLA3 gene polymorphism was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and anthropometric evaluation was realized. Results: The mean BMI was 32.38±4.58 kg/m² and the waist circumference was 107±10 cm. On liver biopsy, 42% of patients had significant fibrosis (F≥2). The odds ratio of F≥2 was 2.12 for the GG group and 1.54 for the CG group, compared to the CC group. The mean caloric intake was 1170±463.20 kcal/d. The odds ratio in the CC group concerning high red meat consumption in comparison to low consumption was 1.33. For white meat, the odds ratio was 0.8 when comparing high and low intake, also in the CC group. Conclusion: High red meat intake and PNPLA3 gene polymorphism seem to synergistically affect NAFLD and liver fibrosis, requiring confirmation in a larger number of patients and in different populations. Background (NAFLD temperatures hand rs rs73840 Patatinlike Patatin like PNPLA (PNPLA3 However evaluated Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 9 included semiquantitative semi quantitative realtime real time RTPCR RT PCR (RT-PCR realized Results 3238458 32 38 4 58 32.38±4.5 kgm² kgm kg m² m kg/m 10710 107 10 107±1 cm 42 F≥2. F2 F . 2 (F≥2) F≥ 212 12 2.1 154 1 54 1.5 117046320 1170 463 20 1170±463.2 kcald kcal d kcal/d 133 33 1.33 08 0 8 0. Conclusion rs7384 (PNPLA 323845 5 32.38±4. 1071 107± (F≥2 21 2. 15 1. 11704632 117 46 1170±463. 13 1.3 rs738 32384 32.38±4 (F≥ 1170463 11 1170±463 rs73 3238 32.38± (F 117046 1170±46 rs7 323 32.38 11704 1170±4 32.3 1170± 32.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is one of the most common hepatic diseases in individuals with overweight or obesity. In this context, a panel of experts from three medical societies was organized to develop an evidence-based guideline on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD. Material and methods: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, observational studies, and other relevant studies on NAFLD. In the absence of studies on a certain topic or when the quality of the study was not adequate, the opinion of experts was adopted. Classes of Recommendation and Levels of Evidence were determined using prespecified criteria. Results: Based on the literature review, 48 specific recommendations were elaborated, including 11 on screening and diagnosis, 9 on follow-up, 14 on nonpharmacologic treatment, and 14 on pharmacologic and surgical treatment. Conclusions: A literature search allowed the development of evidence-based guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD in individuals with overweight or obesity.

ABSTRACT Background: Chagas disease (ChD) is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and can negatively impact quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess and compare QoL between individuals with and without ChD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed within a concurrent cohort study (REDS). The participants were derived from two blood donation centers: São Paulo capital and Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants with ChD were identified in blood donations by serological diagnosis between 2008 and 2010, and those without ChD were donors with negative serology identified during the same period. QoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between the groups, and mean, standard deviation, and beta regression were used to compare QoL. Results: In total, 611 individuals participated in the study (328 with ChD and 283 without ChD). Participants with ChD had lower QoL in the physical (p=0.02) and psychological (p<0.01) domains than did individuals without CD. Conclusions: Individuals with ChD had worse QoL perceptions. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of ChD on individuals' QoL, while also highlighting potential opportunities for improving the care and treatment of those affected.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a implantação do Programa de Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável na Atenção Primária à Saúde em municípios de Minas Gerais. Pesquisa de Métodos Mistos com Estratégia Incorporada Concomitante de dados. Na abordagem quantitativa utilizou-se pesquisa avaliativa na perspectiva da análise de implantação. Na abordagem qualitativa realizou-se estudo exploratório-descritivo utilizando a análise de conteúdo. Os dados qualitativos e quantitativos foram incorporados para análise a partir de sua imbricação. O Grau de Implantação do programa foi 92,5% representando uma implantação adequada. Na imbricação dos dados, a metodologia das ações propostas no programa e a realização da atividade de Educação Permanente foram pontos fortes convergentes que emergiram. Recursos Humanos insuficientes para planejamento e execução do programa e falta de cozinha para oficina culinária foram apontados como desafios. A implantação do programa foi adequada e poderá ser estendida para outros municípios brasileiros, de forma a apoiar os profissionais a estruturar intervenções de promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável na rotina de trabalho na Atenção Primária.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the implementation of an Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Health Care in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Mixed Methods Research with Data Concomitant Embedded Strategy. Evaluative research from the perspective of the implementation analysis was employed in the quantitative approach. An exploratory-descriptive study was conducted using content analysis in the qualitative approach. Qualitative and quantitative data were incorporated for analysis from their imbrication. The Program Implementation Level (IL) was 92.5%, representing an adequate implementation. The methodology of the actions proposed in the program and the implementation of Continuing Education were convergent strengths that emerged from data imbrication. The need for more human resources for planning and implementing the program and the lack of a kitchen for cooking workshops were identified as challenges. The Program’s implementation was adequate and can be extended to other Brazilian municipalities to help professionals structure interventions to promote adequate and healthy food in the Primary Care work routine.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the implementation of an Adequate and Healthy Food Promotion Program in Primary Health Care in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Mixed Methods Research with Data Concomitant Embedded Strategy. Evaluative research from the perspective of the implementation analysis was employed in the quantitative approach. An exploratory-descriptive study was conducted using content analysis in the qualitative approach. Qualitative and quantitative data were incorporated for analysis from their imbrication. The Program Implementation Level (IL) was 92.5%, representing an adequate implementation. The methodology of the actions proposed in the program and the implementation of Continuing Education were convergent strengths that emerged from data imbrication. The need for more human resources for planning and implementing the program and the lack of a kitchen for cooking workshops were identified as challenges. The Program’s implementation was adequate and can be extended to other Brazilian municipalities to help professionals structure interventions to promote adequate and healthy food in the Primary Care work routine.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a implantação do Programa de Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável na Atenção Primária à Saúde em municípios de Minas Gerais. Pesquisa de Métodos Mistos com Estratégia Incorporada Concomitante de dados. Na abordagem quantitativa utilizou-se pesquisa avaliativa na perspectiva da análise de implantação. Na abordagem qualitativa realizou-se estudo exploratório-descritivo utilizando a análise de conteúdo. Os dados qualitativos e quantitativos foram incorporados para análise a partir de sua imbricação. O Grau de Implantação do programa foi 92,5% representando uma implantação adequada. Na imbricação dos dados, a metodologia das ações propostas no programa e a realização da atividade de Educação Permanente foram pontos fortes convergentes que emergiram. Recursos Humanos insuficientes para planejamento e execução do programa e falta de cozinha para oficina culinária foram apontados como desafios. A implantação do programa foi adequada e poderá ser estendida para outros municípios brasileiros, de forma a apoiar os profissionais a estruturar intervenções de promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável na rotina de trabalho na Atenção Primária.

Abstract Background: Due to the population’s aging, the prevalence of chronic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, is increasing, and nurses have to face the challenges arising from the complexity of older adults’ medication regimens and their optimal management. Objective: To understand how older adults with diabetes mellitus manage their medication regimens. Methodology: This is a descriptive qualitative study using an inductive approach. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with older adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Therapeutic success relates to how patients deal with the need to adhere to a medication regimen. Despite patients recognizing the need to take medication, intrinsic factors (such as gender and age) and extrinsic factors (treatment duration, underdeveloped health systems, and others) influence therapeutic success. Conclusion: The study allowed understanding how patients manage their medication regimens. It confirmed that low adherence rates compromised therapeutic success and identified the urgent need for interventions that address the specific needs of chronically-ill patients.

Resumen Marco contextual: Ante el envejecimiento de la población, aumenta la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas, entre ellas la diabetes mellitus. La complejidad de los regímenes de medicación de estas personas y la optimización de su gestión es un reto para los enfermeros. Objetivo: Entender cómo el anciano con diabetes mellitus gestiona su régimen de medicación. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo e inductivo. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas a ancianos diagnosticados de diabetes mellitus. El texto se transcribió y analizó mediante un análisis de contenido. Resultados: El éxito terapéutico está relacionado con la forma en que las personas afrontan la necesidad de cumplir un régimen de medicación. Los factores intrínsecos (como el sexo y la edad) y extrínsecos (como la duración del tratamiento, el sistema sanitario poco desarrollado, entre otros) condicionan el éxito terapéutico, aunque las personas reconozcan como necesario tomar medicamentos. Conclusión: Este estudio permitió comprender cómo las personas gestionan su régimen de medicación, corrobora que las bajas tasas de adherencia comprometen el éxito terapéutico y establece la urgencia de llevar a cabo intervenciones dirigidas a las necesidades concretas de las personas con enfermedades crónicas.

Resumo Enquadramento: Face ao envelhecimento populacional existe uma crescente prevalência de doenças crónicas entre elas a diabetes mellitus. A complexidade dos regimes medicamentosos destas pessoas e a otimização da sua gestão assume-se desafiante para os enfermeiros. Objetivo: Compreender como a pessoa idosa com diabetes mellitus gere o seu regime medicamentoso. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo e natureza indutiva. Realizadas 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas a pessoas idosas com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus. O verbatim foi transcrito e analisado através de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: O sucesso terapêutico relaciona-se com o modo como as pessoas lidam com a necessidade de aderir a um regime medicamentoso. Fatores intrínsecos (como sexo e idade) e fatores extrínsecos (como duração do tratamento, sistema de saúde pouco desenvolvido, entre outros) condicionam o sucesso terapêutico, ainda que a toma dos medicamentos seja reconhecida como necessária. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu compreender como as pessoas gerem o regime medicamentoso, corrobora que baixas taxas de adesão comprometem o sucesso terapêutico e estabelece como prementes intervenções dirigidas às necessidades concretas das pessoas com doença crónica.