Abstract The COVID-19 disease has affected more than 163 million people around the world, hitting the elderly population that lived in nursing homes with greater incidence and severity. The elderly population has been the greatest victim, due to advanced age, chronic diseases and the deficit of their immune system, added to the risk of residing in a gerontological center, accounting for 25% of all deaths from COVID-19 in Andalusia. Objective: to know the factors that have influenced the geriatric residential environment so that the pandemic situation has had more serious effects on residents. Methodology: A quantitative investigation, descriptive observational study, has been carried out, through the completion of a self-administered questionnaire 20 residences of the autonomous community of Andalusia, analyzing what happened from the beginning of the health emergency until March 15, 2021. Results: The most remarkable results showed Dependence between the type of isolation, the human resources available and the care model used, with the incidence of the COVID 19 pandemic and the hospital admissions of residents and professionals. Conclusions: The need to implement a specific care model focused on the needs of the elderly becomes visible, with the necessary human resources and the correct adaptation of the environment to carry out different types of isolation if necessary.

Resumen La enfermedad por COVID-19 ha afectado a más de 163 millones de personas alrededor de todo el mundo, azotando con mayor incidencia y gravedad a la población mayor que vivía en residencias para personas mayores. La población mayor ha sido la mayor víctima debido a la edad avanzada, a las enfermedades crónicas y al déficit que presenta su sistema inmunitario, todo esto sumado al riesgo de residir en un centro gerontológico, y supone el 25% del total de decesos por COVID-19 en Andalucía. Objetivo: Conocer los factores que han influido en el ámbito residencial geriátrico para que la situación de pandemia haya tenido efectos más graves sobre los residentes. Metodología: Se ha realizado una investigación cuantitativa, un estudio descriptivo observacional, a través de la realización de cuestionario autoadministrado en 20 residencias de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía analizando lo sucedido desde el inicio de la emergencia sanitaria hasta el 15 de marzo de 2021. Resultados: Los resultados más destacables mostraron dependencia entre el tipo de aislamiento, los recursos humanos disponibles y el modelo de cuidados utilizado, con la incidencia de la pandemia por COVID 19 y los ingresos hospitalarios de residentes y profesionales. Conclusiones: Se hace visible la necesidad de implementar un modelo de cuidados específico centrado en las necesidades de la persona mayor, contando con los recursos humanos necesarios y con la correcta adecuación del entorno para llevar a cabo, si fuese necesario, distintos tipos de aislamiento.

SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid’s adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p < 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p < 0.01), tooth extraction ((p < 0.05), endodontics (p < 0.05) and fillings ((p < 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p < 0.01) and germ aversion (p < 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease.

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid’s adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p < 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p < 0.01), tooth extraction ((p < 0.05), endodontics (p < 0.05) and fillings ((p < 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p < 0.01) and germ aversion (p < 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease.

Introduction: frequently after kidney transplantation there is an increase in weight with a resulting high percent of obesity in these recipients. This combined with a rapid loss of bone mass, a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures is evident than in normal populations. Objectives: to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of osteoporosis in a population of renal transplant recipients. Methods: prospective longitudinal study design. The study was conducted on 306 kidney transplant recipients. The relationship between weigh and body mass index with femoral and lumbar osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence at the moment of transplant and at 12 months post was explored. Results: there was a high prevalence of overweight (35.6%) and obese (14.1%) recipients after renal transplant and 1 year after (42.2% and 24.2% respectively). Significant differences were found(p = 0.049) between the weight at the time of transplant and the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis at the lumbar level one year after, the highest weights were in recipients with osteoporosis. The mean BMI was higher (p = 0.028) in osteoporotic patients (26.59 kg/²) than in patients with osteopenia (24.23 kg/²). Conclusion: results seem to be consistent with recent studies in the general population showing excessive weight as a possible factor detrimental to the bone health.

Introducción y objetivos: tras el trasplante renal es frecuente un aumento de peso, así como un elevado porcentaje de obesidad en estos pacientes. Por otro lado, tras el trasplante se produce una pérdida de la masa ósea, siendo la prevalencia de osteoporosis y fracturas óseas mayor que en la población general. Objetivos: explorar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal y la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en una población de trasplantados renales. Material y método: estudio longitudinal prospectivo sobre una muestra de 306 trasplantados renales. Se exploraron las relaciones entre el peso y el índice de masa corporal con la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis a nivel femoral y lumbar en el momento del trasplante y a los 12 meses del mismo. Resultados: se halló una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso (35,6%) y obesidad (14,1%) tras el trasplante renal y al año del mismo (42,2% y 24,2%, respectivamente). Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,049) entre el peso en el momento del trasplante y la presencia de osteopenia u osteoporosis al año del mismo a nivel lumbar, siendo el peso medio más elevado entre los pacientes con osteoporosis. La media del IMC fue más elevada (p = 0,028) en los pacientes osteoporóticos (26,59 kg/²) que en los pacientes con osteopenia (24,23 kg/²). Conclusiones: nuestros resultados parecen estar en concordancia con recientes estudios realizados en la población general, que muestran el sobrepeso como un posible factor perjudicial para el hueso.

Mild Alzheimer's disease patients show difficulties in everyday activities caused by attentional control involvement. They reveal qualitative differences between normal and pathological aging. Random generation tasks have been proposed as sensitive test to assess this attentional ability; however, their application to elderly people and AD patients could be biased by memory demands. In order to specifically evaluate attentional control in these subjects, we design a manual random generation task, with minimum memory requirements. It was applied to both healthy elderly people and patients with mild AD. The achieved results revealed significant differences between both groups on the diverse random indexes, showing AD patients more difficulties when interruption or avoiding answering patterns or stereotyped sequences is required, and also in switching strategies. These findings confirm that this manual random generation task allow to evaluate attentional control in a delimited way in elderly people. Besides, it is sensitive in normal aging and neurodegenerative process discrimination. Then, manual random generation tasks could be proposed in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve muestran dificultades para realizar actividades cotidianas debidas a la afectación del control atencional, las cuales describen diferencias cualitativas significativas entre el envejecimiento normal y el patológico. Las tareas de generación aleatoria permiten valorar esta capacidad; sin embargo, su utilización en personas mayores y con EA puede estar sesgada por las demandas de memoria que imponen. Interesados en evaluar específicamente el control atencional en estos sujetos, diseñamos una tarea de generación aleatoria manual con mínimas exigencias de memoria. Se aplicó a un grupo de personas mayores sanas y a un grupo de pacientes con EA inicial. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en distintos índices de aleatorización, mostrando los pacientes más dificultades para evitar secuencias estereotipadas y cambiar de estrategias. Estos resultados confirman que esta tarea permite valorar de modo delimitado el control atencional en individuos mayores, y discriminar entre el envejecimiento normal y el inicio de la EA. Por tanto, la tarea de generación aleatoria manual podría considerarse en la detección temprana de la EA.