Abstract The current investigation aimed to explore the effects of Myrciaria dubia liquid extract (MDLE) as the primary component of an extender for breeder rooster semen over different periods at room temperature. Fifteen breeder roosters (40 weeks of age, average body weight of 2.05±0.12) with confirmed fertility were used. Employing a factorial design (3x4), the treatments consisted of semen in natura and two semen extenders (an experimental based on MDLE and a commercial) subjected to four periods at room temperature post-collection (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) with four replicates (tubes) each. All variables evaluated in this study yielding significant results (p<0.05). Analyzed individually, the experimental extender based on MDLE exhibited a linear reduction (p<0.05) in motility and vigor results, while it caused an increase in pH values and percentages of sperm defects evaluated. When compared with semen in natura and commercial extender, the efficiency of MDLE as a semen extender was inferior to that observed with the commercial extender and similar to the results observed with semen in natura. Nonetheless, the experimental extender based on MDLE yielded satisfactory results for up to 15 minutes of storage time. In conclusion, MDLE can be considered as an alternative for composing a roosters’ semen extender, maintaining sperm characteristics within acceptable limits for up to 15 minutes at room temperature. However, this experimental extender demonstrated lower efficiency than the commercial extender in maintaining the sperm quality at room temperature across all periods tested. (MDLE 40 (4 age 2.05±0.12 205012 2 05 0 12 used 3x4, 3x4 x , (3x4) postcollection post collection 5, 5 (5 10 1 tubes (tubes each p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . individually (p<0.05 Nonetheless time conclusion However tested 4 ( 2.05±0.1 20501 3x (3x4 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.0 2.05±0. 2050 (3x p0 p<0. (p<0. 2.05±0 205 p<0 (p<0 2.05± p< (p< 2.05 (p 2.0 2.

RESUMO O uxi amarelo (Endopleura uchi) é uma árvore nativa da região amazônica e suas frutas são apreciadas na região. Ele é rico em fenóis e sua casca tem alto teor de bergenina, um derivado da isocumarina conhecido por apresentar diversas atividades farmacológicas. No entanto, as propriedades nutricionais e funcionais do fruto ainda são pouco conhecidas. Nós analisamos as propriedades nutricionais, centesimais e minerais, e a atividade antioxidante e o teor de fenólicos do extrato alcoólico da polpa do fruto do uxi amarelo de diferentes localidades da Amazônia. O teor de bergenina também foi quantificado. O rendimento médio de polpa foi de 45,66 ± 4,44% (m/m), com 60,1 - 89,2 g 100 g-1 de umidade e 1,28 - 1,32 g 100 g-1 de cinzas (base seca). Cálcio (78,2 - 87,1 mg 100 g-1) e potássio (260,2 - 395 mg 100 g-1) foram os minerais mais abundantes na polpa. A concentração de alumínio foi alta em comparação com outras frutas amazônicas (23,7 - 28,7 mg 100 g-1). O alto valor calórico da polpa (325,3 ± 20,9 Kcal 100 g-1) é atribuído ao seu teor de lipídios (32 - 44,9%) e carboidratos (48,2 - 64,1%). A atividade sequestradora do DPPH foi de 1,95 - 20,68%, altamente associada ao teor de fenólicos totais (16,91 - 30,07 µg GAE mg-1). A quantidade de bergenina na polpa foi de 180,8 ± 55,3 mg 100 g-1. Concluímos que a polpa de E. uchi possui alto teor calórico e mineral, além de ser fonte de bergenina, portanto, este fruto possui valor nutricional e funcional potencial. Endopleura farmacológicas entanto conhecidas Amazônia quantificado 4566 45 66 45,6 444 4 44 4,44 m/m, mm m/m , m (m/m) 601 60 1 60, 892 89 2 89, 10 g1 g- 128 28 1,2 132 32 1,3 base seca. seca . seca) 78,2 782 78 (78, 871 87 87, 260,2 2602 260 (260, 39 23,7 237 23 7 (23, 287 28, g1. 325,3 3253 325 3 (325, 209 20 9 20, (3 44,9% 449 48,2 482 48 (48, 64,1%. 641 64,1% 64 64,1%) 195 95 1,9 2068 68 20,68% 16,91 1691 16 91 (16,9 3007 30 07 30,0 mg1. mg1 mg-1) 1808 180 8 180, 553 55 55, 1. E mineral portanto potencial 456 6 45, 4,4 (m/m 12 1, 13 78, (78 260, 26 (260 23, (23 325, (325 ( 44,9 48, (48 64,1 19 206 20,68 16,9 169 (16, 300 0 30, mg-1 18 5 4, (7 (26 (2 44, (4 64, 20,6 16, (16 mg- (1

ABSTRACT The yellow uxi (Endopleura uchi) is a tree native to the Amazon and its fruits are appreciated in the region. It is rich in total phenols and its bark is known to have high bergenin content, an isocoumarin derivative that presents several pharmacological activities. Yet the nutritional and functional properties of the fruit are still little known. We analyzed the nutritional, centesimal, and mineral properties, and the antioxidant activity and total phenol content of the alcoholic extract of yellow uxi fruit pulp from different locations in the Amazon. The bergenin content was also quantified. Average pulp yield was 45.66 ± 4.44% (w/w), with 60.1 - 89.2 g 100 g-1 of moisture and 1.28 - 1.32 g 100 g-1 of ash (dry basis). Calcium (78.2 - 87.1 mg 100 g-1) and potassium (260.2 - 395 mg 100 g-1) were the most abundant minerals in the pulp. Aluminum concentration was high compared to other Amazonian fruits (23.7 - 28.7 mg 100 g-1). The high caloric value of the pulp (325.3 ± 20.9 Kcal 100 g-1) is attributed to its lipid (32 - 44.9%) and carbohydrate (48.2 - 64.1%) content. The scavenging activity of DPPH was 1.95 - 20.68%, which was highly associated with the total phenolic content (16.91 - 30.07 µg GAE mg-1). Bergenin content was 180.8 ± 55.3 mg 100 g-1. We conclude that E. uchi pulp has high caloric and mineral content, and it is also a source of bergenin, thus this fruit has a potential nutritional and functional value. Endopleura region activities centesimal quantified 4566 45 66 45.6 444 4 44 4.44 w/w, ww w/w , w (w/w) 601 60 1 60. 892 89 2 89. 10 g1 g- 128 28 1.2 132 32 1.3 dry basis. basis . basis) 78.2 782 78 (78. 871 87 87. 260.2 2602 260 (260. 39 23.7 237 23 7 (23. 287 28. g1. 325.3 3253 325 3 (325. 209 20 9 20. (3 44.9% 449 48.2 482 48 (48. 64.1% 641 64 195 95 1.9 2068 68 20.68% 16.91 1691 16 91 (16.9 3007 30 07 30.0 mg1. mg1 mg-1) 1808 180 8 180. 553 55 55. 1. E 456 6 45. 4.4 (w/w 12 13 78. (78 260. 26 (260 23. (23 325. (325 ( 44.9 48. (48 64.1 19 206 20.68 16.9 169 (16. 300 0 30. mg-1 18 5 4. (7 (26 (2 44. (4 64. 20.6 16. (16 mg- (1

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormonal protocols on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes in Amazon environmental conditions. Twenty-two Santa Inês ewes between 3 and 4 years-old were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, where the treatments consisted of two protocols for estrus synchronization (short and long) with eleven animals each. Data on the occurrence of estrus were described for each protocol. Data of estrus, pregnancy, and prolificity were firstly subjected to ANOVA and a subsequent Tukey’s test. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. The short-term protocol presented an interesting successful rate, where above 70% ewes tested had estrus. The long-term protocol also achieved a high successful rate, where above 80% ewes tested had estrus. However, comparing the protocols, the long-term protocol presented better results of positive estrus and pregnancy rates in ewes. Thus, it can be concluded that both protocols presented satisfactory results regarding estrus manifestation, and prolificity (lambs produced per ewe). However, under Amazon environmental conditions, the long-term protocol presented better results regarding positive manifestation of estrus and pregnancy rate.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar proteínas do plasma seminal associadas à fertilidade em ovinos da raça Santa Inês em Manaus, AM, utilizando técnicas de eletroforese bidimensional associadas à espectrometria de massa. Amostras de sêmen de oito carneiros adultos foram coletadas, retirando-se uma alíquota para as avaliações físicas e morfológicas do sêmen, e o plasma seminal foi submetido ao perfil SDS-PAGE e à eletroforese bidimensional. Os géis foram corados com Coomassie coloidal, digitalizados e analisados no aplicativo ImageMaster 2D Platinum, versão 6.0. Os spots selecionados foram cortados individualmente do gel mestre, digeridos com tripsina e submetidos à identificação por espectrometria de massa (MALDI-Tof/Tof). Dos 108 spots detectados no gel, selecionou-se 10 spots diferenciais (com base na distribuição dos mesmos no gel bidimensional e com a pré-análise destes no ImageMaster 2D Platinum Software), identificando-se 03 proteínas: a clusterina, a 14-3-3 protein zeta chain e a Ram Seminal Versicles 22kDa Protein. A identidade dessas proteínas infere que os componentes do plasma seminal participam de processos fisiológicos ligados à proteção do espermatozoide, sua motilidade e capacitação espermática, todos associados à fertilidade. Essas proteínas precisam ser melhor estudadas para verificar se as mesmas poderiam ser utilizadas como marcadores moleculares de fertilidade, já que também foram encontradas em outros trabalhos realizados com ovinos da raça Santa Inês.

SUMMARY This study aimed to identify proteins in the seminal plasma associated with fertility in sheep of Santa Inês in Manaus, AM, using twodimensional electrophoresis techniques associated with mass spectrometry. Semen samples from eight adult sheep were collected by removing an aliquot for the physical and morphological assessments of semen and seminal plasma was subjected to SDS-PAGE profile and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Gels were stained with colloidal Coomassie, scanned and analyzed using ImageMaster 2D Platinum software, version 6.0. The selected individual spots were cut from the master gel, digested with trypsin and subjected to identification by mass spectrometry (MALDITof / Tof). Of the 108 spots detected in the gel, it selected 10 differential spots (based on the distribution thereof in the bidimensional gel and pre-analysis of the 2D ImageMaster Platinum Software) identifying 03 proteins: clusterin, a protein 14-3-3 zeta chain and Ram Seminal versicles 22kDa Protein. The identity of these proteins implies that the components of seminal plasma participate in physiological processes involved in sperm protection, motility and sperm capacitation, all associated with fertility. These proteins need to be better studied to see whether the same could be used as molecular markers of fertility as they were also found in other studies conducted with sheep Santa Ines.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a condição metabólica nutricional de ovelhas Santa Inês no período pré-parto e pós-parto, a fim de evitar a toxemia. Foram utilizadas 50 ovelhas adultas da raça Santa Inês criadas sobre a mesma condição de manejo e alimentação, distribuídas em cinco grupos, de acordo com o período de gestação: T -60 (60 dias antes do parto), T-30 (30 a 21 dias antes do parto), T0 (no parto até 4 dias após o parto), T+30 (30 dias após parto) e T+60 (60 dias após o parto). A coleta de sangue foi conduzida pela manhã por venopunção da jugular em dois tubos a vácuo. Foram avaliados os seguintes metabólitos: protéico (proteína total, albumina, globulina e uréia), energético (glicose e ß-hidroxibutirato) e mineral (magnésio (Mg), cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P)). Para determinar as diferenças entre as médias foi aplicado o teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações séricas do metabolismo protéico (proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas), mineral (Mg, Ca e P) e energético (glicose) em função das fases experimentais apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05), onde as médias de β-hidroxibutirato mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência para a raça. Nenhuma das fases de gestação apresentou deficiências metabólicas nos aportes proteico e energético em função da dieta e da fase de manejo testada. O mineral cálcio apresentou níveis diminutos ao final da gestação e no inicio da lactação.

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional metabolic condition of Santa Ines ewes in antepartum and postpartum period, in order to avoid toxemia. Were used 50 Santa Ines ewes management under the same condition of handling and feeding, distributed into five groups, according to the gestation period: G1 - P-60 (60 days before partum), G2 - P-30 (30 to 21 days before partum), G3 - P0 (at partum to 4 days post partum), G4 - P+30 (30 days after partum) and G5 - P+60 (60 days after partum). The blood collection was conducted in the morning by venipuncture of the jugular in two vacuum tubes. The metabolites evaluated were: protein metabolism (total protein, albumin, globulin and urea), energy (glucose) and mineral (magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)). To determine the differences between the means was applied the Tukey test at 5% probability. The serum concentrations of the protein metabolism (total protein, albumin and globulins), the mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) and the energy metabolism (glucose) according to the experimental phase showed significant differences (P<0.05), where the average β-hydroxybutyrate remained within the reference values for the breed. None of gestation stages presented metabolic deficiencies in protein and energy inputs for the diet and tested management phase. The mineral calcium showed low levels at the end of gestation and early lactation.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a condição metabólica nutricional de ovelhas em diferentes fases de gestação. A análise do perfil metabólico foi feita por meio da coleta de sangue, utilizando-se 30 ovelhas distribuídas em três grupos de acordo com a fase de gestação (dias), sendo G1: entre 50 e 60 dias; G2: entre 80 e 90 dias; e G3: entre 130 e 140 dias. As análises dos metabólitos foram realizadas por kits comerciais. As concentrações de proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas e ureia não diferiram entre si, com exceção da ureia que apresentou níveis aumentados. As médias de glicose mantiveram-se abaixo do valor normal mínimo. Para colesterol, as médias foram 89,86 mg/dL, 86,01 mg/dL e 92,23 mg/dL para o G1, G2 e G3, respectivamente. Os animais do G1 e G2 tiveram médias de triglicerídeos estatisticamente iguais, diferindo dos animais do G3. As médias de β-hidroxibutirato mantiveram-se dentro da referência. Os níveis de cálcio estiveram abaixo da referência, observando-se o valor mais baixo no G3 (8,86 mg/dL). Os níveis de fósforo apresentaram-se diminuídos no G3. Nenhuma das fases de gestação apresentou deficiências severas no aporte proteico e energético da dieta, havendo a necessidade de adequação de cálcio e fósforo para o final da gestação.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional metabolic condition of ewes at different stages of pregnancy. The analysis of the metabolic profile was through blood collection, using 30 sheep divided into three groups according to the stage of gestation (days): G1: between 50 and 60 days; G2: between 80 and 90 days, and G3: between 130 and 140 days. The analyzes of metabolites were performed by commercial kits. The concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin and urea did not differ, except for urea, which showed increased levels. The mean glucose remained below the normal minimum value. For cholesterol, the means were 89.86 mg / dL, 86.01 mg / dL and 92.23 mg / dL for G1, G2 and G3, respectively. The animals of G1 and G2 presented statistically similar means for triglycerides, differing from G3 animals. The β-hydroxybutyrate mean remained within the reference. Calcium levels were below the reference, showing the lowest level in G3 (8.86 mg/dL). Phosphorus levels decreased in G3. Any stage of pregnancy showed severe deficiencies in protein energy intake and diet, however requiring adequate calcium and phosphorus to the end of pregnancy.