Hydrogel films based on gelatin, glutaraldehyde and glycerol are widely reported in many studies with applications focused on food packaging, microencapsulation and release of active drugs. Thus, this study used this composition to produce hydrogel films and brought as a novelty the incorporation of tannic acid (TA) as anti-aging active, due to its great antioxidant capacity. The presence of TA in the hydrogel films was verified by the C–O stretch absorption band at 1020 cm-1, as well as by its thermal degradation between 200 and 300 ºC. Furthermore, the presence of this active compound, which influenced the physical, morphological and mechanical properties of the film, was also confirmed by qualitative release tests. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the HT2 hydrogel film showed acceptable values of elongation at break (28.9 ± 3.1%) and Young modulus (6.4 ± 1.1 MPa), suggesting that this film has the potential to be applied in skin care routines. gelatin packaging drugs Thus (TA antiaging anti aging capacity CO C O 102 cm1, cm1 cm 1, 1 cm-1 20 30 ºC Furthermore compound physical tests Additionally HT 28.9 289 28 9 (28. 3.1% 31 3 6.4 64 6 4 (6. 11 1. MPa, MPa , MPa) routines 10 cm- 2 28. (28 3.1 6. (6 (2 3. (

Abstract This trial-based economic evaluation aimed to estimate the incremental cost of implementing an active learning strategy (theoretical-practical workshop) to substitute the didactic lecture as the sole method for students training in caries detection. We also provided a budget impact analysis and explored the composition of costs related to the activity. Data from the coordinating centre of a multicentre randomized and controlled study (IuSTC01) was analyzed as the first part of our main economic analysis plan. The perspective of the educational provider (the institution implementing the activity) was considered, and an immediate time horizon was adopted. All used resources were valued in Brazilian Real by adopting a microcosting strategy. Costs for each strategy were estimated and converted into international dollars. The incremental Cost per student and the total cost of implementing the complete teaching strategy for 80 students were calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the uncertainties. The incremental Cost estimated for the workshop implementation would be $7.93 per student (interquartile range (IQR): $7.8–8.1), and the total cost of the teaching activity would be $684 (IQR:672–696). The laboratory training comprised more than 50% of the total amount spent, and a higher percentage of this value was related to human resources costs (72%). Saving 40% of the costs could be expected for the next rounds of activities in the institution, assuming no need for additional preparation of didactic materials and tutor training. A modest incremental cost per student and an acceptable organizational budget impact should be expected for the institution when including active learning training in caries detection for undergraduate students, mainly related to the human resources involved. trialbased trial based theoreticalpractical theoretical practical IuSTC01 IuSTC (IuSTC01 plan considered adopted dollars 8 calculated uncertainties 793 7 93 $7.9 interquartile IQR (IQR) $7.8–8.1, 7881 $7.8–8.1 , 1 $7.8–8.1) 684 $68 IQR672–696. IQR672696 672–696 . 672 696 (IQR:672–696) 50 spent 72%. 72 72% (72%) 40 involved IuSTC0 (IuSTC0 79 9 $7. (IQR 788 $7.8–8. 68 $6 IQR672 IQR672–696 IQR67269 672696 672–69 67 69 (IQR:672–696 5 (72% 4 (IuSTC $7 78 $7.8–8 6 $ IQR67 IQR672–69 IQR6726 67269 672–6 (IQR:672–69 (72 $7.8– IQR6 IQR672–6 6726 672– (IQR:672–6 (7 $7.8 IQR672– (IQR:672– ( (IQR:672 (IQR:67 (IQR:6 (IQR:

The present work proposed the application of a multivariate regression model based on image data to monitor the decolorization process. Thus, a PLS regression based on the color histogram was applied to monitor the methylene blue degradation by the Fenton reaction. The results obtained by the digital imaging and UV-Vis methods were compared and the initial (Cº) and final (C) methylene blue concentrations, as well as the kinetic parameters, coefficients of determination (R2), half time degradation (t½), intercept (ρ), and slope (σ), were evaluated. From our results, the digital imaging and UV-Vis methods have equivalent potential to monitor the color removal profile, similar kinetic term, and low measurement errors. While the coefficient of determination (R(2)) of all PLS models and kinetics curves are close to 1.00, the half time degradation (t½) parameter ranged between 0.29 to 1.39 min for the UV-Vis model, and 0.80 min to 2.17 min for the digital imaging model. Furthermore, the efficiency of methylene blue removal ranged between 92.04% and 97.78% for the UV-Vis model and 91.30% to 93.72% for the digital imaging model. Then, based on statistical comparison tests, it was concluded that the digital imaging method is an alternative to monitor dye degradation processes.

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as experiências vividas por pacientes que fizeram uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de dois hospitais do extremo sul do Brasil. A presente pesquisa foi conduzida na perspectiva qualitativa, sendo realizada com 10 pacientes que salientaram suas principais dificuldades e necessidades durante o período em que fizeram uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Os resultados apontam que as dificuldades relatadas relacionaram-se especialmente com a presença da via aérea artificial, sendo elas: sensação de sufocamento, náuseas, lesões decorrentes do tubo endotraqueal, acúmulo de secreções no tubo endotraqueal e cavidade oral e afonia. Além disso, os pacientes referiram necessidades de comunicação, sede e alterações da rotina pessoal. Os achados deste estudo elucidaram a vivência do paciente crítico, mediante esse recurso invasivo, trazendo elementos importantes a serem considerados para o cuidado de enfermagem.

The aim of this study was to identify the experiences of patients who used invasive mechanical ventilation in intensive care units of two hospitals in Southern Brazil. This research was conducted in a qualitative way, consisting of 10 interviewees, who emphasized their main difficulties and necessities during the period in which they used invasive mechanical ventilation. The results indicate that the difficulties reported were specially related to the presence of the artificial airway, such as: suffocation felling, nausea, injuries caused by the endotracheal tube, accumulation of secretions in the endotracheal tube and oral cavity and aphonia. In addition, the patients reported other problems such as: communication needs, thirst, and changes in their personal routine. Our findings elucidated the experience of critically ill patients through this invasive feature, bringing important issues to be considered for nursing care.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las experiencias de los pacientes que hicieron uso de la ventilación mecánica invasiva en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de dos hospitales en el extremo sur de Brasil. La presente investigación fue conducida en la perspectiva cualitativa, siendo compuesta por 10 entrevistados, que destacaron sus principales dificultades y necesidades durante el periodo en que hicieron uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva. Los resultados apuntan que las dificultades relatadas se relacionaron especialmente a la presencia de la vía aérea artificial, siendo ellas: sensación de sofocarse, náuseas, lesiones decurrentes del tubo endotraqueal, acumulo de secreciones en el tubo endotraqueal, cavidad oral y afonía. También los pacientes refirieron necesidades comunicacionales, sede y alteraciones de la rutina personal. Los hallazgos de este estudio elucidaron la vivencia del paciente crítico mediante este recurso invasivo, trayendo puntos importantes a considerarse para el cuidado de enfermería.

The aim of this study was to identify the experiences of patients who used invasive mechanical ventilation in intensive care units of two hospitals in Southern Brazil. This research was conducted in a qualitative way, consisting of 10 interviewees, who emphasized their main difficulties and necessities during the period in which they used invasive mechanical ventilation. The results indicate that the difficulties reported were specially related to the presence of the artificial airway, such as: suffocation felling, nausea, injuries caused by the endotracheal tube, accumulation of secretions in the endotracheal tube and oral cavity and aphonia. In addition, the patients reported other problems such as: communication needs, thirst, and changes in their personal routine. Our findings elucidated the experience of critically ill patients through this invasive feature, bringing important issues to be considered for nursing care.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las experiencias de los pacientes que hicieron uso de la ventilación mecánica invasiva en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de dos hospitales en el extremo sur de Brasil. La presente investigación fue conducida en la perspectiva cualitativa, siendo compuesta por 10 entrevistados, que destacaron sus principales dificultades y necesidades durante el periodo en que hicieron uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva. Los resultados apuntan que las dificultades relatadas se relacionaron especialmente a la presencia de la vía aérea artificial, siendo ellas: sensación de sofocarse, náuseas, lesiones decurrentes del tubo endotraqueal, acumulo de secreciones en el tubo endotraqueal, cavidad oral y afonía. También los pacientes refirieron necesidades comunicacionales, sede y alteraciones de la rutina personal. Los hallazgos de este estudio elucidaron la vivencia del paciente crítico mediante este recurso invasivo, trayendo puntos importantes a considerarse para el cuidado de enfermería.

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as experiências vividas por pacientes que fizeram uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de dois hospitais do extremo sul do Brasil. A presente pesquisa foi conduzida na perspectiva qualitativa, sendo realizada com 10 pacientes que salientaram suas principais dificuldades e necessidades durante o período em que fizeram uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Os resultados apontam que as dificuldades relatadas relacionaram-se especialmente com a presença da via aérea artificial, sendo elas: sensação de sufocamento, náuseas, lesões decorrentes do tubo endotraqueal, acúmulo de secreções no tubo endotraqueal e cavidade oral e afonia. Além disso, os pacientes referiram necessidades de comunicação, sede e alterações da rotina pessoal. Os achados deste estudo elucidaram a vivência do paciente crítico, mediante esse recurso invasivo, trazendo elementos importantes a serem considerados para o cuidado de enfermagem.