Abstract Background Dental anesthetic management in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients with cardiac channelopathies (CCh) can be challenging due to the potential risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies during procedural time. Objectives The present study assessed the hypothesis that the use of local dental anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or without a vasoconstrictor can be safe in selected ICD and CCh patients, not resulting in life-threatening events (LTE). Methods Restorative dental treatment under local dental anesthesia was made in two sessions, with a wash-out period of 7 days (cross-over trial), conducting with a 28h - Holter monitoring, and 12-lead electrocardiography, digital sphygmomanometry, and anxiety scale assessments in 3 time periods. Statistical analysis carried out the paired Student’s t test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In all cases, a significance level of 5% was adopted. All patients were in stable condition with no recent events before dental care. Results Twenty-four consecutive procedures were performed in 12 patients (9 women, 3 men) with CCh and ICD: 7 (58.3%) had long QT syndrome (LQTS), 4 (33.3%) Brugada syndrome (BrS), and 1 (8.3%) Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Holter analysis showed no increased heart rate (HR) or sustained arrhythmias. Blood pressure (BP), electrocardiographic changes and anxiety measurement showed no statistically significant differences. No LTE occurred during dental treatment, regardless of the type of anesthesia. Conclusion Lidocaine administration, with or without epinephrine, can be safely used in selected CCh-ICD patients without LTE. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a larger population with ICD and CCh. (ICD (CCh lifethreatening life threatening 2 1100,000 1100000 100,000 100 000 1:100,00 . (LTE) sessions washout wash crossover cross over trial, trial , trial) h monitoring 12lead lead electrocardiography sphygmomanometry periods Students Student s signedrank signed rank cases 5 adopted care Twentyfour Twenty four 9 ( women men 58.3% 583 58 (58.3% LQTS, LQTS (LQTS) 33.3% 333 33 (33.3% BrS, BrS (BrS) 8.3% 83 8 (8.3% CPVT. CPVT (CPVT) HR (HR BP, BP (BP) differences administration CChICD 1100 1100,00 110000 100000 100,00 10 00 1:100,0 (LTE 58.3 (58.3 (LQTS 33.3 (33.3 (BrS 8.3 (8.3 (CPVT (BP 110 1100,0 11000 10000 100,0 0 1:100, 58. (58. 33. (33. 8. (8. 11 1100, 1000 100, 1:100 (58 (33 (8 1:10 (5 (3 1:1 1:

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood glucose levels, hemodynamic effects and patient anxiety scores during tooth extraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM and coronary disease under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with or without epinephrine. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 patients with T2DM with coronary disease who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Patients were randomized into two groups: 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine, and 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and anxiety levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood glucose levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and anxiety status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine neither caused hyperglycemia nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or anxiety parameters. However, lower blood glucose levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood glucose monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with epinephrine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease.

OBJECTIVES: In this observational study, we evaluated the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and blood pressure of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease who were undergoing dental extraction. METHODS: Forty-four patients between the ages of 6 and 12 years who underwent upper primary tooth extraction were included in the study. Of these, 20 patients were in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group and 24 were in the control group. RESULTS: Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group varied quite significantly during the treatment protocol (p<0.05), with values of 80.5% (±7.6) to 82.8% (±7.8), 95.3 beats per minute (bpm) (±11.3) to 101.3 bpm (±9.8), and 93.6 mm Hg (±13,3) to 103.8 mm Hg (±12.7), respectively. The variations in the control group during the procedure were also significant. CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed during the study protocol, although statistically significant, were mild and lacked clinical relevance. The results indicate that dental treatment of children with cyanotic heart disease using a standardized protocol in decentralized offices without the support of a surgical center is safe.

FUNDAMENTO: Os efeitos da anestesia local em odontologia com lidocaína e epinefrina, sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares de gestantes portadoras de valvopatias e seus conceptos, não estão esclarecidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e analisar parâmetros da cardiotocografia, de pressão arterial e eletrocardiográficos da gestante portadora de doença valvar reumática, quando submetida à anestesia local com 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor e com epinefrina 1:100.000, durante procedimento odontológico restaurador. MÉTODOS: Realizamos monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial, eletrocardiografia ambulatorial materna e cardiotocografia de 31 portadoras de cardiopatia reumática, entre a 28ª e 37ª semana de gestação, divididas em dois grupos conforme presença ou não do vasoconstritor RESULTADOS: Demonstrou-se redução significativa dos valores de frequência cardíaca materna nos dois grupos, durante o procedimento, quando comparado aos demais períodos (p < 0,001). Houve ocorrência de arritmia cardíaca em 9 (29,0%) pacientes, das quais 7 (41,8%) pertencentes ao grupo de 17 gestantes que recebeu anestesia com adrenalina. A pressão arterial materna não apresentou diferença quando comparamos períodos ou grupos (p > 0,05). O mesmo ocorreu (p > 0,05) com número de contrações uterinas, nível e variabilidade da linha de base e número de acelerações da frequência cardíaca fetal. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% associado à adrenalina mostrou-se seguro e eficaz em procedimento odontológico restaurador durante a gestação de mulheres com cardiopatia valvar reumática.

BACKGROUND: The effects of local dental anesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine on cardiovascular parameters of pregnant women with heart valve diseases and their fetuses are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: To assess and analyze cardiotocographic, blood pressure and electrocardiographic parameters of pregnant women with rheumatic heart valve disease undergoing local anesthesia with 1.8mL of lidocaine 2% with or without epinephrine 1:100,000 during restorative dental treatment. METHODS: Maternal ambulatory blood pressure and electrocardiographic monitoring as well as cardiotocography of 31 patients with rheumatic heart disease were performed between the 28th and 37th week of gestation. The patients were divided into two groups, those with or without vasoconstrictor. RESULTS: A significant reduction in maternal heart rate was shown in both groups during the procedure in comparison with the other periods (p<0.001). Cardiac arrhythmia was observed in nine (29.0%) patients, of which seven (41.8%) were from the group of 17 pregnant women who received anesthesia plus epinephrine. No difference in maternal blood pressure was observed when periods or groups were compared (p>0.05). The same occurred (p>0.05) with the number of uterine contractions, baseline level and variability, and number of accelerations of fetal heart rate. CONCLUSION: The use of 1.8mL of lidocaine 2% in combination with epinephrine was safe and efficient in restorative dental procedures during pregnancy in women with rheumatic heart valve disease.

FUNDAMENTO: Los efectos de la anestesia local en odontología con lidocaína y epinefrina, sobre los parámetros cardiovasculares de gestantes portadoras de valvulopatías y sus conceptos, no son claros. OBJETIVO: Evaluar y analizar parámetros de la cardiotocografía, de la presión arterial y electrocardiográficos de la gestante portadora de enfermedad valvular reumática, al someterse a anestesia local con 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% sin vasoconstrictor y con epinefrina 1:100.000, durante procedimiento odontológico restaurador. MÉTODOS: Realizamos monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial, electrocardiografía ambulatoria materna y cardiotocografía de 31 portadoras de cardiopatía reumática, entre la 28ª y la 37ª semana de gestación, divididas en dos grupos según la presencia o no del vasoconstrictor. RESULTADOS: Se observó reducción significativa de los valores de frecuencia cardíaca materna en los dos grupos, durante el procedimiento, al compararlo con los demás períodos (p < 0,001). Se registró ocurrencia de arritmia cardíaca en 9 (29,0%) pacientes, de las cuales 7 (41,8%) pertenecían al grupo de 17 gestantes que recibió anestesia con adrenalina. La presión arterial materna no presentó diferencia al comparar períodos o grupos (p > 0,05). Lo mismo ocurrió (p > 0,05) con el número de contracciones uterinas, nivel de variabilidad de la línea de base y número de aceleraciones de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% asociado a la adrenalina se mostró seguro y eficaz en procedimiento odontológico restaurador durante la gestación de mujeres con cardiopatía valvular reumática.

FUNDAMENTO: A literatura é controversa no que se refere ao uso de vasoconstritores para anestesia local em cardiopatas, havendo preocupação com a indução de descompensação cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e de pressão arterial durante procedimento odontológico restaurador sob anestesia local com e sem vasoconstritor em portadores de doença arterial coronária. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo foram avaliados 62 pacientes. As idades variaram de 39 a 80 anos (média de 58,7 + 8,8) anos, sendo 51 pacientes (82,3%) do sexo masculino. Do total de pacientes, 30 foram randomizados para receber anestesia com lidocaína 2% com adrenalina (grupo LCA) e os demais para lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor (grupo LSA). Todos foram submetidos a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial e eletrocardiografia dinâmica por 24 horas. Foram considerados três períodos: 1) basal (registros obtidos durante os 60 minutos que antecederam o procedimento); 2) procedimento (registros obtidos desde o início da anestesia até o final do procedimento) e 3) das 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Houve elevação da pressão arterial do período basal para o procedimento nos dois grupos quando analisados separadamente; quando confrontados, não apresentaram diferença entre si. A freqüência cardíaca não se alterou nos dois grupos. Depressão do segmento ST > 1 mm não ocorreu durante os períodos basal e procedimento. Arritmias em número superior a 10 por hora estiveram presentes durante o procedimento em sete pacientes (12,5%), sendo quatro (13,8%) do grupo que recebeu anestesia sem adrenalina e três (11,1%) do grupo com adrenalina. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença em relação a comportamento da pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, evidência de isquemia e arritmias entre os grupos. O uso de vasoconstritor mostrou-se seguro dentro dos limites do estudo.

BACKGROUND: The use of vasoconstrictors for local anesthesia in patients with coronary heart disease is controversial in the literature, and there is concern regarding risk of cardiac decompensation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate electrocardiographic and blood pressure parameters during restorative dental procedure under local anesthesia with and without a vasoconstrictor in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Sixty-two patients were included in the study, ages ranging from 39 to 80 (mean 58.7 ± 8.8), 51 (83.2%) of whom were male. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to receive 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (epinephrine group), and the remaining patients, 2% lidocaine without epinephrine (non-epinephrine group) for local anesthesia. All patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and dynamic electrocardiography. Three periods were considered in the study: 1) baseline - recordings obtained during the 60 minutes prior to the procedure; 2) procedure - recordings obtained from the beginning of anesthesia to the end of the procedure and 3) 24 hours. RESULTS: There was an increase in blood pressure in both groups during the procedure, compared with baseline values; but when the two groups were compared no significant difference was detected between them. Heart rate remained unchanged in both groups. No ST-segment depression > 1 mm occurred either at baseline or during the procedure. Seven patients (12.5%) experienced more than ten arrhythmia episodes per hour during the procedure, four (13.8%) in the non-epinephrine group and three (11.1%) in the epinephrine group. CONCLUSION: No difference was observed in blood pressure, heart rate, or evidence of ischemia and arrhythmias in either group. The use of vasoconstrictor has proved to be safe within the range of the present study.