Abstract Chromium substituted copper base spinel ferrites (Ni 0.3 Cu 0.7 )Cr X Fe2− X O4 were prepared by Sol-gel method. Structural, magnetic and electrical properties were studied by utilizing an X-ray diffractometer, vibrating-sample magnetometer, and precision LCR-meter using labtracer software. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of single phase fcc structure of the samples. The lattice constant and crystallite size decreased from 8.37-8.23 Å and 53.09-35.36 nm, respectively with increasing content of Cr3+ ions. From Magnetization Vs Applied field loops it was observed that the saturation magnetization decreased and coercivity increased with increasing content of Cr3+ ions. Dc resistivity increased with increase of Cr3+ concentration and decreased with increase in temperature which shows the semiconducting behavior of ferrites. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and tangent loss decreased with increase of Cr3+ concentration. The dielectric constant follows bilayer Maxwell Wagner model and Koop’s phenomenological theory while ac conductivity increased with increasing frequency following Jonscher’s power law.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a probiotic plus an immunomodulatory product on the growth performance, immune response and net economic returns of broiler chicks vaccinated against Infectious bursal diseases virus (IBDV). A flock of 350 day-old chicks were equally and randomly distributed in seven groups, each comprising 50 birds. A mixture of microorganisms (¹Probiotic) or Cyclophosphamide (immune suppressor) was offered through feed supplementation to different groups. The Probiotic, consisting of Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus salivarius and Enterococcus faecium, in addition to Aspergillus oryza and Candida pintolopessii. Compared with control treatment group, the probiotic-supplemented chicks had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.938 and 1.959), with significantly heavier live body weight 2141.0±34.2 and 2120.3±33.2, respectively. Similarly, their antibody titers against IBDV were significantly higher (941 and 832) on day 35. No morbidity and mortality were observed in these groups. This study suggests that a product composed of a probiotic and cyclophosphamide enhanced the growth rate as well as the immunity against infectious bursal disease virus of broilers chicks.

OBJETIVO: Estudar o perfil clínico-patológico de crianças indianas com linfadenopatia cervical e o papel da citologia aspirativa por agulha fina com ênfase especial na tuberculose como causa. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 89 crianças com faixa etária de 10 meses a 12 anos, admitidas em nosso hospital de abril de 2004 a março de 2005. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a completa avaliação clínica e investigativa em relação à linfadenopatia cervical. Medidas de desfecho incluíram estado clínico e a capacidade de testes convencionais em categorizar tipos diferentes de linfadenopatia e sua utilidade no diagnóstico de linfadenite tuberculosa. A variabilidade interobservador foi analisada através do teste de kappa, tendo boa concordância. RESULTADOS: A hiperplasia reativa foi o tipo mais comum de linfadenite, seguida da granulomatosa. Os linfonodos do triângulo posterior unilateral foram o grupo afetado com maior freqüência no grupo de linfadenopatia cervical tuberculosa. A aspiração por agulha fina, seguida da coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, histopatologia e cultura em associação, obteve sucesso em realizar o diagnóstico em 85,7% dos casos de etiologia tuberculosa. CONCLUSÕES: A aspiração por agulha fina é uma ferramenta diagnóstica valiosa no tratamento de crianças com apresentação clínica de linfonodos cervicais aumentados. A técnica reduz a necessidade de procedimentos mais invasivos e dispendiosos, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento.Cultura e histopatologia, entretanto, devem ser consideradas em casos nos quais a citologia aspirativa por agulha fina não é diagnóstica.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological profile of children from India with cervical lymphadenopathy and the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology with special emphasis on tuberculosis as a cause. METHODS: A total of 89 children in the age group of 10 months to 12 years, presenting to our hospital from April 2004 to March 2005, were included. All the patients underwent thorough clinical and investigational assessment vis-à-vis cervical lymphadenopathy. Outcome measurements included clinical status and ability of conventional tests to categorize different types of lymphadenopathy and their utility in diagnosing tubercular lymphadenitis. Interobserver variability was analyzed measuring kappa test and was found to be in agreement. RESULTS: Reactive hyperplasia was the most common type of lymphadenitis, followed by granulomatous involvement. Unilateral posterior triangle lymph nodes were the most commonly affected in the tubercular cervical lymphadenopathy group. Fine-needle aspiration followed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, histopathology and culture in combination were able to perform the diagnosis in 85.7% of cases affected with tubercular etiology. CONCLUSIONS: Fine-needle aspiration is a valuable diagnostic tool in the management of children with the clinical presentation of enlarged cervical lymph nodes. The technique reduces the need for more invasive and costly procedures, especially in a Third World country. Culture and histopathology, however, should be considered in cases where repeated fine-needle aspiration cytology is non-diagnostic.