ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the hair coat characteristics of sows raised in a free-range system in a tropical climate and assess associations with effective radiative properties and thermal conductivity. Bristles were collected from December 2017 to April 2018 and evaluated for diameter (mm), length (mm), and density (bristles per cm2). From these data, the effective thermal conductivity, absorptivity, transmissivity, and reflectivity of the hair coat were determined. Sows were separated into four groups according to skin pigmentation and color parameters. The environment was characterized with regard to average air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and shortwave radiation (W m-2). The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis. Bristle length (33 mm) and density (10 bristles cm-2) were lower in summer than in colder months (48 mm and 20 bristles cm-2, respectively). Effective absorptivity was higher and transmittance was lower in more pigmented sows, demonstrating a connection with protection against solar radiation. Therefore, the combination of a pigmented and dense coat seems to be ideal for pigs reared in free-range systems. ABSTRACT freerange free range conductivity 201 mm, , (mm) cm2. cm2 cm . cm2) transmissivity determined parameters °C, C °C (°C) %, % (%) W m2. m2 m 2 m-2) analysis 33 (3 10 (1 cm-2 48 (4 cm2, 2, respectively. respectively respectively) Therefore systems (mm (°C (% m-2 3 ( 1 cm- 4 m-

ABSTRACT. The objective was to assess the physiological and behavioral variables of pasture-raised Holstein heifers on the basis of their coat color. Eight heifers were used, four with black coat, and four with white coat. In the morning and afternoon periods, their physiological variables were measured, namely respiratory rate (RR, mov min. -1), rectal temperature (TR, ºC), and coat surface temperature (TS, ºC). The behavior analysis considered the site (sun or shade), position (standing or lying down), and activities (idleness, rumination, grazing, and others). The data of the physiological variables were assessed through analysis of variance, and significance, through Tukey’s test at 5%, while behavioral data were assessed using the Chi-squared test (SAS Software). There was a difference for all of the heifers’ physiological variables as a function of coat color (p < 0.0001) and period (p < 0.0001), with black ones showing greater results than white ones as to all physiological variables in the afternoon period (p < 0.0001). Grazing behavior is reduced during the hottest hours of the day. We conclude that solar radiation changes the physiological variables and grazing behavior of pasture-raised Holstein heifers. ABSTRACT pastureraised pasture raised used periods measured RR, RR (RR min 1, 1 , -1) TR, TR (TR ºC, ºC ºC) TS, TS (TS ºC. . sun shade, shade shade) standing down, down down) idleness, idleness (idleness rumination others. others others) variance significance Tukeys Tukey s 5 5% Chisquared Chi squared SAS Software. Software Software) p 0.0001 00001 0 0001 0.0001, 0.0001. day -1 0.000 0000 000 - 0.00 00 0.0 0.

Com objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do tratamento parcial de animais infestados por mosca-dos-chifres, foram utilizadas 45 vacas da raça Guzerá, com idade entre 4 e 7 anos, divididas em três grupos de 15 animais. Os animais dos grupos G33 (33,3% tratados) e G100 (100% tratados) receberam um brinco inseticida/animal, com diazinon 40%, e os do grupo GC não receberam tratamento (controle). A cada 14 dias foram realizadas contagens das moscas sobre a região cervico-dorso-lombar das vacas dos três grupos. O estudo foi realizado de setembro de 2006 a setembro de 2009. Neste período, seis tratamentos com quatro meses cada, e com intervalo de um a dois meses, foram realizados nos animais dos grupos G33 e G100. Os animais do grupo G33 apresentaram maior infestação que os do grupo G100, o número de mosca variou de 12 a 27 no grupo G33 e de 3 a 11 no grupo G100. No entanto, os grupos G33 e G100 apresentaram menores infestações que as observadas nos animais do grupo GC, que apresentou de 45 a 87 moscas. O tratamento parcial de bovinos infestados por mosca-dos-chifres com a utilização de inseticida diazinon 40% é uma alternativa eficiente no controle deste ectoparasita.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of partial treatment of animals infested with horn flies. Forty-five Guzerat cows between 4 and 7 years of age were divided into three groups (15 cows per group). The treatments were as follows: in groups G33 and G100, 33.3 and 100% of the cows were treated with one insecticide-impregnated ear tag/animal (40% diazinon), respectively, while in the group GC, the cows were not treated (control). The flies on the cervico-dorsal-lumbar region of the cows, in all three groups, were counted every 14 days. The experiment lasted from September 2006 to September 2009. Over this period, six four-month ear tag treatments, with intervals of one to two months, were conducted on both treated groups. The animals of group G33 had a higher infection than those of group G100, and the number of flies ranged from 12 to 27 (group G33) and from 3 to 11 (group G100). However, groups G33 and G100 had lower infection levels than group GC, which presented from 45 to 87 flies. Partial treatment of cattle infested with horn flies using 40% diazinon insecticide is an efficient alternative for controlling this ectoparasite.

The objective of this investigation was to estimate ideal bands of respiratory rate and cloacal temperature for broiler chicken strains during the rearing period and to evaluate the influence of time of exposure on bird physiological variables under different thermal stress conditions. The research was conducted in a climatic chamber during the six weeks of the rearing period, with Avian and Cobb strains exposed to two climatic conditions (comfort and stress), in three distinct times of exposure, in three conditions (before going to the chamber; at the end of exposure time; 30 minutes after the end of exposure), in four treatments: comfort with 60 minutes of exposure; stress with 30 minutes of exposure; stress with 60 minutes of exposure; stress with 90 minutes of exposure. Bands of respiratory rate and cloacal temperature were elaborated for both strains, for each one of the weeks of the rearing period. Strains differed, regardless of treatments and conditions adopted in the research on the third, fifth and sixth weeks of life in relation to the cloacal temperature. The Cobb strain is more tolerant to thermal stress in comparison with the Avian. There was difference for both variables between comfort and stress, but time of exposure to stress did not influence the physiological response of birds, except for cloacal temperature on the second week of life.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a precisão das redes neurais artificiais (RNA) na estimativa das redes neurais artificiais (RNA) na predição de índices zootécnicos, com base em variáveis térmicas e fisiológicas de porcas gestantes. A pesquisa foi realizada entre janeiro e abril de 2005 em uma propriedade de produção industrial de suínos, no setor de gestação, com 27 matrizes primíparas, alojadas em baias individuais e posteriormente na maternidade em baias de parição, onde foram quantificados os índices de produção dos leitões provenientes do estudo. Para tanto, foi implementada uma RNA backpropagation, com uma camada de entrada, uma oculta e uma camada de saída com funções de transferência tangente sigmoidal. A temperatura do ar e a frequência respiratória foram consideradas variáveis de entrada e o peso ao nascimento dos leitões e número de leitões mumificados, como variáveis de saída. A rede treinada apresentou ótimo poder de generalização, o que possibilitou a predição das variáveis-respostas. A caracterização do ambiente da gestação e maternidade foi adequada se comparada aos dados reais, com poucas tendências de sub ou superestimação de alguns valores. A utilização desse sistema especialista para a previsão dos índices zootécnicos é viável, pois o sistema tem bom desempenho para esta aplicação.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the precision of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to estimate zootechnical indexes, based on thermal and physiological variables of pregnant sows. This study was carried out from January to April 2005, in a swine industrial production farm in the gestation section with 27 primiparous gilts, allocated in individual pens and after on farrowing pens where it was quantified animal production indexes of piglets from the study. Therefore, an ANN backpropagation was implemented, with one input layer, one hidden layer, and one output layer with tangent sigmoidal transference functions. Air temperature and respiratory frequency were considered as input variables and weight of piglet at birth and the number of mummified piglets as output variables. The trained ANN presented a great generalization power, which enabled the prediction of the answer-variables. Characterization of the environment of gestation and maternity was appropriated if compared to the real data, with few under or overestimated tendencies of some values. The use of this specialist system to predict zootechnical indexes is viable because the system shows a good performance for this use.