Nosocomial infections bring a high risk to the health of hospital patients and employees. Ants are common organisms in Brazilian hospitals, where they can act as dispersers of opportunistic microorganisms in places they forage. The occurrence of multi-resistant bacteria carried by ants was analyzed in two public hospitals (HA and HB) in southeastern Bahia, Brazil. In these two hospitals 132 workers belonging to three ant species were collected. The bacteria associated to these ants were identified and their susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated. More than half (57.3%) of ants collected in HA were associated with some kind of bacteria, with 26.7% of them being opportunist bacteria, while 84,2% of the ants from HB presented associated bacteria growth, with 61.4% of them being opportunist bacteria. Twenty four species of bacteria were isolated. The Gram-positive bacilli of the genus Bacillus were the most frequent, followed by the Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli (family Enterobacteriaceae) and Gram-negative non-fermenters bacilli. The profile of sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to drugs pointed out the existence of multi-resistant isolates carried by ants. For the first time, are reported cases of the same bacterial resistant isolates taken form homospecific ant workers that point out the importance of ants to bacteria dissemination and proliferation in a hospital. Our results suggest that the risk of contamination presented by these ants is similar to the one of any other mechanical vector of bacterial dissemination.

As comunidades de Formicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) foram estudadas em fragmentos de floresta semidecídua inseridos no bioma Mata Atlântica medindo de 2,99 a 45,5 ha na região do Alto do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As formigas foram coletadas em 15 amostras de serapilheira de 1 m² em cada fragmento, usando o método de extrator de Winkler. Cada amostra teve distância mínima de 50 m uma da outra. Um total de 142 espécies de formigas foi distribuído entre 40 gêneros, 23 tribos e 10 subfamílias. As comunidades amostradas mostraram uma alta riqueza e altos valores no índice de diversidade. O tamanho da área dos fragmentos não influenciou na riqueza de espécies de formigas.

The community of Formicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) in semideciduous seasonal forest of the Atlantic rain forest biome was studied in remnants ranging from 2.99 to 45.45 ha, in the region of the Alto do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The ants collected in 15 samples of litter of one square meter each, using Winkler extractors method, in each forest fragment. Each sample were taken at intervals of 50 meters. A total of 142 species of ants, were distributed into 40 genera, 23 tribes and 10 subfamilies. The communities showed a high richness and diversity indices values. The size of the fragments did not influence the ant richness.