Abstract Objective To describe post-natal risk factors associated with death in Newborns (NB) with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) in a Brazilian reference center. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, post-natal clinical factors of all NB diagnosed with CDH were reviewed in an 11-year period (2007‒2018). The primary outcome was death. Secondary outcomes included clinical features, prognostic indexes, type of mechanical ventilation, complications during hospitalization and surgical repair. Results After applying the exclusion criteria, the authors analyzed 137 charts. Overall mortality was 59% (81/137), and the highest rates were observed for low-birth-weight NB (87%), syndromic phenotype (92%), and those with major malformations (100%). Prognostic indexes such as Apgar, SNAPPE-II and 24hOI (best oxygenation index in 24 hours) were all associated with poor evolution. In a multivariate analysis, only birth weight and 24hOI were statistically significant risk factors for mortality, with a reduction in mortality risk of 17.1% (OR = 0.829, 95% IC 0.72‒0.955, p = 0.009) for each additional 100g at birth and an increase by 26.5% (OR = 1.265, 95% IC 1.113‒1.436, p = 0.0003) for each unitary increase at the 24hOI. Conclusion Prognostic indexes are an important tool for predicting outcomes and improving resource allocation. Post-natal risk factors may be more suitable for settings where antenatal diagnosis is not universal. Classical risk factors, such as prematurity, low birth weight, higher need for supportive care, and poorer prognostic indexes were associated with mortality in our CDH population. postnatal post natal (NB (CDH center study 11year year 11 2007‒2018. 20072018 2007‒2018 . 2007 2018 (2007‒2018) features ventilation repair criteria 13 charts 59 81/137, 81137 81/137 , 81 (81/137) lowbirthweight 87%, 87 87% (87%) 92%, 92 92% (92%) 100%. 100 100% (100%) Apgar SNAPPEII SNAPPE II hOI best 2 hours evolution analysis 171 17 1 17.1 OR 0829 0 829 0.829 95 0720955 72 955 0.72‒0.955 0.009 0009 009 g 265 26 5 26.5 1265 1.265 11131436 113 436 1.113‒1.436 0.0003 00003 0003 allocation Postnatal Post universal prematurity care population 2007201 2007‒201 200 201 (2007‒2018 8113 81/13 8 (81/137 (87% 9 (92% 10 (100% 17. 082 82 0.82 072095 7 0.72‒0.95 0.00 000 00 26. 126 1.26 1113143 43 1.113‒1.43 0.000 0000 200720 2007‒20 20 (2007‒201 811 81/1 (81/13 (87 (92 (100 08 0.8 07209 0.72‒0.9 0.0 12 1.2 111314 4 1.113‒1.4 20072 2007‒2 (2007‒20 81/ (81/1 (8 (9 (10 0. 0720 0.72‒0. 1. 11131 1.113‒1. 2007‒ (2007‒2 (81/ ( (1 072 0.72‒0 1113 1.113‒1 (2007‒ (81 07 0.72‒ 111 1.113‒ (2007 0.72 1.113 (200 0.7 1.11 (20 1.1 (2