Relatamos o terceiro caso da literatura de síndrome de Parinaud como manifestação clínica isolada de toxoplasmose mesencefálica em paciente HIV-1 positivo e revemos suas causas, enfatizando ser excepcional sua ocorrência por toxoplasmose cerebral. Destacamos a ocorrência isolada, sem associação de hidrocefalia obstrutiva e hipertensão intracraniana e chamamos atenção para o sinal de Collier insuficientemente conhecido, porém de grande relevância semiótica para lesão de localização mesencefálica.

We describe the third case in the literature of Parinaud`s syndrome as the sole manifestation of brainstem toxoplasmosis, in a positive HIV-1 patient and review the literature concerning the possible etiologies of Parinaud`s syndrome, enforcing that it is a rare manifestation of central nervous system toxoplasmosis. We refer to its occurrence without simultaneous obstructive hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure, pointing out the Collier signal which is not very well known, but has great semiotic value once it locates the lesion in the brainstem.

Apresentação de um caso de paracoccidioidomicose com comprometimento do sistema nervoso central, manifestando-se por movimento involuntário do tipo tremor rubral. São discutidas, ainda, as outras formas de apresentação desta afecção relatadas na literatura.

A case of paracoccidioidomycoses of the central nervous system and movement disorders is reported in this paper, and neurological aspects are discussed.

A frequência de manifestações neurológicas foi analisada em 653 pacientes so-ropositivos para o HIV, internados em um hospital universitário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre 1985 e 1989. Do total de pacientes, 172 (26%) apresentavam sintomas referentes ao sistema nervoso. Nesta população, foram estudados os diferentes fatores de risco e distribuição etária. Dentre as complicações observadas predominaram: toxoplasmose cerebral (80), neurocriptococose (57), encefalite subaguda (17) e meningite tuberculosa (8). Fez-se correlação entre os aspectos clínicos e tomográficos. A maioria dos casos (60%) evoluiu para o óbito no período estudado e 89% destes tiveram sobrevida inferior a 6 meses.

The frequency of neurological manifestations was evaluated in 653 HIV infected patients admitted in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, in the 1985-1989 period. A total of 172 (26%) patients developed neurological symptoms. Central nervous system complications included: cerebral toxoplasmosis (80), cryptococcal meningitis (57), subacute encephalitis (17), tuberculosis (8) and aseptic meningitis (2), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (2) and vacuolar mielopathy (6). Peripheral neuropathy occurred in three cases. The clinical and tomographic aspects were analysed. The majority of the patients died within six months after the onset of the neurological disease.

De 280 pacientes com anticorpos anti-HIV, 44 apresentaram manifestações neurológicas centrais. O quadro neurológico foi a manifestação inicial da AIDS em 13,5% dos casos. Déficit motor, cefaléia, sinais meníngeos e alterações do comportamento foram as manifestações mais freqüentes. A toxoplasmose cerebral, as meningites criptocócica e tuberculosa representaram 79,4% das complicações observadas. Os achados do liqüido cefalorraquidiano nos pacientes com meningite eram em geral inespecíficos, exceto pelo isolamento do Cryptococcus neoformans no exame direto e/ou cultura. A tomografia computadorizada de crânio comu-mente revelou lesões hipodensas, geralmente múltiplas, sem captação ou com captação anelar de contraste, predominando em regiões hemisféricas profundas. O tempo de doença do SNC foi inferior a 6 meses em 29 casos. Observou-se que 90,4% dos pacientes evoluíram para o óbito e nenhum destes sobreviveu por mais de 12 meses.

We studied the clinical records of 280 patients admitted to our Hospital between 1985 and 1988, with a positive Elisa test for HIV-related antibodies: 15.71% (44) of these patients exhibited clinical abnormalities related to disease of the CNS. In 6 (13.6%) patients the neurological complication was the first manifestation of HIV-infection. Patients were mainly male homosexuals, in the 30-39 age range. Frequent chief complaints included hemiparesis, headache and behavior disturbances. Cerebral toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 18 instances. It should be considered the first diagnostic possibility in patients presenting with mass lesions. Meningeal infections were present in 19 cases (cryptococcal in 13, tuberculous in 4, HIV-related in 2). CSF findings in these patients were non specific, except for demonstration of Cryptococcus neofarms on direct examination of CSF or culture studies. CT scans frequently displayed unique or multiple hypodense lesions. The lesions exhibited ring-enhancement in 7 instances, and were non-enhancing in 8 others. Cortical and subcortical atrophy with hydrocephalus ex-vacuum were occasionaly found, and the CT scans were normal in 8 instances. Time from appearance of the various neurological complications to death or clinical resolution was almost always shorter than 6 months. Death was the most frequent outcome, usually occurring within 6 months. Survival in the most of these patients never reached the end of the first year.