Objetivo : Analisar a interferência da idade de ingresso em programas públicos de Odontologia para crianças e dos aspectos comportamentais familiares sobre a experiência com cárie dentária em crianças de zero a 48 meses de idade. Métodos : Estudo transversal com 465 crianças divididas em 3 grupos: crianças cujas mães ingressaram no programa quando gestantes (n=50); crianças que ingressaram no programa durante o primeiro ano de vida (n=230); e crianças que ingressaram no programa entre 13 e 18 meses de idade (n=185). Os testes χ2 e Kruskal-Walis (intervalo de confiança de 95%) foram utilizados para avaliar a relação das variáveis. Resultados : Encontrou-se associação entre a idade do ingresso nos programas e cárie dentária (p<0,001), sendo menor a prevalência para crianças cuja as mães ingressaram no programa durante as gestação e para aqueles que ingressaram no programa durante o primeiro ano de vida, o mesmo ocorreu em relação a assiduidade as consultas de retorno, dieta cariogênica, higiene oral noturna, duração de aleitamento noturno e escolaridade materna/responsável (p<0,001). Desfavorável nível socioeconômico (p>0,05) e higiene oral diária (p=0,214) foram variáveis comuns nos grupos com 99% de ocorrência. Assiduidade, higiene oral noturna e escolaridade materna (p<0,05) foram consideradas fatores de proteção à cárie dentária. Dieta cariogênica e aleitamento noturno foram consideradas determinantes para o aparecimento da cárie dentária. Conclusão : Para promover saúde oral infantil é essencial o ingresso ao programa e adoção de hábitos saudáveis de maneira precoce, além da adesão às orientações por seus responsáveis.

Objective : To analyze the interference of age in the entrance into a public dental care program for infants as well as family behavioral aspects about tooth decay experience in children 0 to 4 years old. Methods : Cross-sectional study involving 465 children who were divided into 3 groups: infants whose mothers joined the program during pregnancy (n=50); infants enrolled in the program during the first year of life (n=230); and infants enrolled in the program between 13 and 18 months old (n=185). The χ2 and Kruskal-Walis tests (95% confidence interval) were used to assess the relationship among variables. Results : There was an association between the age of entrance in the programs and dental caries (p<0.001). A lower prevalence was seen in infants whose mothers joined the program during pregnancy, and among those infants enrolled in the program during the first year of life. The same low prevalence occurred in relation to mothers’ commitment to attend follow-up visits with their infants, cariogenic diet, nighttime oral care, duration of night feeding and parents’ educational level (p<0.001). Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions (p>0.05) and daily oral care (p=0.214) were common variables in the groups with 99% of occurrence. Commitment to attend follow-up visits, nighttime oral care and parents’ educational level (p>0.05) were considered protective factors for dental caries. Cariogenic diet and night feeding were determinant factors to the appearance of dental caries. Conclusion : To promote children oral health it is essential to enroll children in oral health programs and adopt healthy habits as early as possible, besides the adherence of the child to their parents’ advice.

AIM: This study analyzed and compared the experience of dental caries in 300 children aged 0 to 48 months, who were participants and non-participants of a preventive program 'Dentistry for babies', as well as the correlation between assiduity of dental visits and experience of dental caries. METHODS: The subjects were randomly selected and divided into two groups: G1 'Non participant children of the Program' (n=100) and G2 'Participant Children of the Program' (n=200). Each group was subdivided in two subgroups: 0-24 months and 25-48 months. The collected data from G2 were analyzed, relating the variation of the dmft index (dmft refers to primary teeth: d = decayed, m = missing/extracted due to caries, f = filled, t = teeth) (C) and dental caries prevalence (P) with the influence of assiduity factor in each subgroup. To collect data, clinical examinations were performed using tactile and visual criteria by a single calibrated examiner. The data were statistically analyzed using the 'paired t-test', 'Mann-Whitney' and 'Chi-Squared' tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: It was found that prevalence and dmft index were statistically significant (P=0.0001) with the greatest values observed in G1 (p=0.0001). The values were: PG1 (73%), PG2 (22%), CG1 (3.45±3.84), CG2 (0.66±1.57). Assiduity was significant in G2 (p=0.0001). The values observed were: P-Assiduous (2%), P-Non-assiduous (42%), C-Assiduous (0.04±0.31), and C-Non-assiduous (1.29±2.01). CONCLUSIONS: The participation in the program had a positive influence on the oral health of babies. Complete assiduity to the program resulted in the lowest rates and prevalence of dental caries.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto na saúde bucal de crianças atendidas em um programa de atenção precoce “Odontologia para Bebês” da prefeitura do município de Jacareí (SP), por meio da comparação da experiência de cárie entre indivíduos participantes e não participantes do programa. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 300 crianças de 0 e 48 meses de idade, as quais foram divididas em 2 grupos: G1“Bebês não participantes do Programa” (n = 100) e G2 “Bebês do Programa” (n = 200). Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois, o primeiro com crianças de 0 a 24 meses, e o segundo de 25 a 48 meses. Todas as crianças receberam avaliação clínica quanto à presença de lesões de cárie (método táctil e visual). Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente pelos testes t de Student pareado, Mann-Whitney e χ2, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística para a prevalência (P) e o índice índice médio de dentes decíduos cariados, com extração indicada e obturados (ceod) (C), sendo os maiores valores observados para G1(p < 0,0001). Os valores foram: PG1 (73%), PG2 (22%), CG1 (3,45 ± 3,84), CG2 (0,66 ± 1,57). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que participar do programa interferiu positivamente na saúde bucal dos bebês.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of the “Dentistry for Infants” early dental care program run by Jacareí County (SP) by comparing the caries of individuals participating and not participating in this program. Methods: In total, 300 children between 0 and 48 months old were assessed in the following two groups: infants not participating in the program (G1, n = 100) and infants participating in the program (G2, n = 200). Each group was further divided according to age in subgroups of 0 to 24 months and 25 to 48 months. All children were clinically assessed for carious lesions using the visual-tactile method. The data were statistically analyzed using a paired Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and χ2 test at a 5% significance level. Results: There was a significant difference in the prevalence (P) and mean index of deciduous teeth (deft) (C) that were decayed, indicated for extraction and filled, and the highest values were observed in G1 (p < 0.0001). The values were as follows: PG1, 73%; PG2, 22%; CG1, 3.45 ± 3.84; and CG2, 0.66 ± 1.57. Conclusion: Participating in the program positively impacted the infants’ oral health.

The aim of this study was to assess the microhardness of 5 glass ionomer cements (GIC) - Vidrion R (V, SS White), Fuji IX (F, GC Corp.), Magic Glass ART (MG, Vigodent), Maxxion R (MR, FGM) and ChemFlex (CF, Dentsply) - in the presence or absence of a surface protection treatment, and after different storage periods. For each GIC, 36 test specimens were made, divided into 3 groups according to the surface protection treatment applied - no protection, varnish or nail varnish. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h, 7 and 30 days and the microhardness tests were performed at these times. The data obtained were submitted to the ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey tests (α = 5%). The results revealed that the mean microhardness values of the GICs were, in decreasing order, as follows: F > CF = MR > MG > V; that surface protection was significant for MR, at 24 h, without protection (64.2 ± 3.6a), protected with GIC varnish (59.6 ± 3.4b) and protected with nail varnish (62.7 ± 2.8ab); for F, at 7 days, without protection (97.8 ± 3.7ab), protected with varnish (95.9 ± 3.2b) and protected with nail varnish (100.8 ± 3.4a); and at 30 days, for F, without protection (98.8 ± 2.6b), protected with varnish (103.3 ± 4.4a) and protected with nail varnish (101 ± 4.1ab) and, for V, without protection (46 ± 1.3b), protected with varnish (49.6 ± 1.7ab) and protected with nail varnish (51.1 ± 2.6a). The increase in storage time produced an increase in microhardness. It was concluded that the different GICs, surface protection treatments and storage times could alter the microhardness values.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different bur types and acid etching protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) to primary dentin. Forty-eight clinically sound human primary molars were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (n=12). In G1, the lingual surface of the teeth was cut with a carbide bur until a 2.0-mm-diameter dentin area was exposed, followed by the application of RM-GIC (Vitremer - 3M/ESPE) prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens of G2, received the same treatment of G1, however the dentin was conditioned with phosphoric acid. In groups G3 and G4 the same procedures of G1 and G2 were conducted respectively, nevertheless dentin cutting was made with a diamond bur. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24h, and then tested in a universal testing machine. SBS. data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA (= 5%) and indicated that SBS values of RM-GIC bonded to primary dentin cut with different burs were not statistically different, but the specimens that were conditioned with phosphoric acid presented SBS values significantly higher that those without conditioning. To observe micromorphologic characteristics of the effects of dentin surface cut by diamond or carbide rotary instruments and conditioners treatment, some specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Smear layer was present in all specimens regardless of the type of rotary instrument used for dentin cutting, and specimens etched with phosphoric acid presented more effective removal of smear layer. It was concluded that SBS of a RM-GIC to primary dentin was affected by the acid conditioning but the bur type had no influence.

O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi de avaliar ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura os aspectos morfológicos do esmalte de dentes decíduos após condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 36% ou com um agente condicionador não lavável. Foram selecionados 10 dentes decíduos anteriores esfoliados naturalmente. As amostras sofreram limpeza coronária com pasta de pedra-pomes e água, em baixa-velocidade. O condicionamento foi realizado no esmalte da face vestibular. Os espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 (n=10): condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 36% na forma de gel - Conditioner 36 (Dentsply) durante 20 segundos, seguidos de lavagem com água durante 15 segundos; G2 (n=10): condicionamento com NRC - Non Rinse Conditioner (Dentsply) durante 20 segundos, seguidos de secagem com ar durante 15 segundos. As amostras foram desidratadas, montadas em bases metálicas e cobertas com ouro para análise ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura (Jeol JSM 6.100). A análise da eletromicrografias revelou que ambos os agentes condicionadores foram efetivos para condicionar o esmalte de dentes decíduos, causando microporosidades mas com melhor resultado quando utilizou-se o ácido fosfórico a 36% na forma de gel.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy the morphological aspects of the enamel of primary teeth after etching with 36% phosphoric acid or a non-rinse conditioner. Ten naturally exfoliated anterior primary teeth were selected. The samples were subjected to prophylaxis with pumice paste and water using a low-speed hand piece. Etching was done on the buccal surface. Specimens were divided into 2 groups: G1 (n=10): etching with 36% phosphoric acid gel - Conditioner 36 (Dentsply) for 20 s, followed by water rinse for 15 s; G2 (n=10): etching with NRC - Non Rinse Conditioner (Dentsply) for 20 s, followed by air drying for 15 s. The samples were dehydrated, mounted on metal stubs, coated with gold and observed with Jeol JSM-6100 scanning electron microscope. Electron-micrographic analysis showed that both etching agents were effective for etching the enamel of primary teeth causing the formation of microporosities on the enamel surface, although the etching pattern was more effective with the use of 36% phosphoric acid gel.

O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar a resposta pulpar de dentes decíduos de cães à um sistema adesivo ou a um cimento de hidróxido de cálcio após exposição mecânica da polpa. Foram utilizados três cães sem raça definida, e nestes foram realizados dez preparos cavitários classe V. Uma exposição pulpar mecânica foi produzida com uma sonda exploradora esterilizada, na porção central de cada cavidade. A hemorragia foi controlada com "bolinhas" de algodão esterilizadas. O esmalte, dentina e local da exposição pulpar de cinco dentes foram condicionados com ácido fosfórico a 35%, seguido da aplicação de um sistema adesivo (Scotchbond Multi-Uso - 3M). Nos outros cinco dentes, um cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (Hydro C - Dentsply) foi aplicada no local da exposição pulpar antes da aplicação do mesmo sistema adesivo. Todos os dentes foram restaurados com uma resina composta (Z-100 - 3M). Após 7, 30 ou 45 dias os cães foram anestesiados e perfundidos com solução salina seguida de uma solução de formalina neutra tamponada. A maxila e a mandíbula foram seccionadas em três partes e estocadas em uma solução para desmineralização. Após a desmineralização óssea, todos os dentes foram cortados, incluídos em parafina e seccionados longitudinalmente. A seguir todos os dentes foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina e observados em microscópio de luz. Os resultados demonstraram a presença e persistência de uma resposta inflamatória de diferentes intensidades nos três períodos experimentais. Não houve variação na resposta inflamatória pelos diferentes tratamentos propostos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulpal response of dogs primary teeth to an adhesive system or to a calcium hidroxide cement after mechanic exposure of the pulp. Three mongrel dogs were used and ten class V cavities were prepared on their teeth. A mechanic pulp exposure was produced with a sterile exploratory probe in the central portion of each cavity and bleeding was controlled with dry sterile cotton pellets. Enamel, dentin and the site of the pulp exposure of five teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid followed by the application of an adhesive system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose - 3M). In the other five teeth, calcium hydroxide cement (Hydro C - Dentsply) was applied on the site of the pulp exposition before application of the adhesive system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose - 3M). All teeth were restored with a resin composite (Z-100 - 3M). After 7, 30 or 45 days the dogs were anesthetized and perfused with saline followed by a solution of neutral buffered formalin. Maxilla and mandible were sectioned into three parts and placed in a solution for demineralization. Following bone demineralization, all teeth were cut, trimmed, embedded in paraffin and longitudinally cut. Then, the teeth were stained with hematoxilin and eosin and observed under a light microscope. The results obtained with the treatments proposed in this study showed the presence and persistence of an inflammatory response of different intensities at the three experimental periods. There was no variation in the inflammatory response regarding the different treatments performed.

Avaliou-se o desempenho de dois materiais utilizados como selante oclusal (Fluroshield e Vitremer). Foram selados 46 pré-molares, superiores e/ou inferiores, sem sinais clínicos de lesões de cárie, sendo que 23 dentes foram selados com Vitremer e 23 com Fluroshield. Após seis, doze e vinte e quatro meses de acompanhamento, observou-se que o Vitremer apresentou uma retenção total de 91,30%, 91,30% e 82,60%, enquanto o Fluroshield apresentou 100% de retenção total nos três intervalos de tempo. Ambos os materiais impediram o desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie, independente de sua retenção e períodos avaliados.

The clinical performance of two dental materials used as pit and fissure sealants (Fluroshield and Vitremer) was evaluated. Forty-six sound upper or lower premolars were sealed. Twenty-three teeth were sealed with Vitremer and 23 with Fluroshield. After six, twelve, and twenty-four months Vitremer presented a total retention of 91.30%, 91.30%, and 82.60%, and Fluroshield presented a total retention of 100% in the three periods of evaluation. Both materials do not permit the development of caries, independent of their retention and period of evaluation.

Este estudo foi conduzido a fim de comparar a resistência à força de cisalhamento de uma resina composta aderida à superfície do esmalte dental após condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 35% ou com a irradiação de um laser Nd:YAG, com densidade de energia de 165,8 J/cm2 por pulso. Após o condicionamento e a adaptação da resina a essas superfícies, os espécimes sofreram ciclagem térmica e foram, então, submetidos ao teste de resistência à força de cisalhamento em uma velocidade de 5 mm/min. Os resultados encontrados, após análise estatística pelo teste t de Student, revelaram que a adesão foi significantemente maior no grupo tratado pelo ácido fosfórico a 35% do que no grupo tratado pelo laser Nd:YAG, revelando, dessa forma, a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novos estudos, a fim de se alcançarem os parâmetros ideais para o condicionamento da superfície do esmalte, bem como adesivos e resinas compostas específicas, quando o laser Nd:YAG é utilizado

This study has been focused on a comparison between the shear bond strength of a composite resin attached to dental enamel surface, after a 35% phosphoric acid etching and after a Nd:YAG laser irradiation with 165.8 J/cm2 of energy density per pulse. After etching and attaching resin to these surfaces, the specimens were thermocycled and then underwent the shearing bond strength tests at a speed of 5 mm/min. The results achieved, after statistical analysis with Student's t-test, showed that the adhesion was significantly greater in the 35% phosphoric acid treated group than in the group treated with the Nd:YAG laser, thus demonstrating the need for developing new studies to reach the ideal parameters for an effective enamel surface conditioning as well as specific adhesives and composite resins when Nd:YAG laser is used