ABSTRACT Feed formulation using linear programming consists of determining the mixture of feedstuffs required to meet pre-established animal nutritional requirements at the lowest cost. On the other hand, with the use of non-linear programming, it is possible to define nutritional requirements at the time of formulation, aiming at maximum profit. The objective of the present study was to compare feeds formulated using linear and non-linear programming in terms of live performance and internal and external egg quality of commercial laying hens. A total of 288 Hisex® White laying hens, 1.540 ± 0.128 g body weight, were evaluated from 33 to 45 weeks of age. Hens were distributed in a completely randomized block design, including six treatments with six replicates of eight birds each. Three treatments consisted of feeds formulated using linear programming and based on the nutritional requirements of Rostagno et al. (2011), of the genetic strain manual, or mathematical models to maximize performance. The other three treatments consisted of feeds formulated using non-linear programming considering typical, favorable, or unfavorable market scenarios. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and in case of significance (p<0.05), means were grouped using the Scott-Knott test (5%).The treatments did not influence (p>0.05) Haugh unit, albumen height, or external egg quality parameters. Treatment effects (p<0.05) on yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, and performance parameters were described. In general, feeds formulated using linear programming and based on nutritional requirements obtained by mathematical models and the genetic strain manual promoted better performance results because the feeds were nutritionally denser. However, the treatments that maximized live performance did not result in higher profitability, which was obtained with the diet formulated for a favorable market scenario using non-linear programming.

Foreword The presence of formaldehyde at workplace remains significant. Exposure to it results in local irritation of the eye, nose and upper respiratory tract mucous membranes, and it has been chronically related to a higher risk of cancer development at the paranasal sinuses, naso-oropharynx and lungs. The aim of our work has been the updating of the bibliography and the categorization of the most up to date scientific evidence of formaldehyde effects on human body. Bibliographic search on the electronic database Medline / PubMed, restricted to the last 10 years through a combination of free and controlled language.Review of 185 scientific articles, finally including 54 due to duplicity, language, and inclusion criteria. We find among the main results a major evidence regarding genotoxicity; limited, inconsistent, and contradictory evidence regarding various neoplastic pathologies; and lack of evidence regarding bronchial asthma. Further studies have to be carried out, especially longitudinal studies and greater epidemiological power, to generate new knowledge about the behavior of this toxic.

Resum Introducció: La presència del formaldehid a l’àmbit laboral segueix sent important. L’exposició produeix irritació local de mucoses, com ara les oculars, nasals i del tracte respiratori superior i de manera crònica s’ha associat amb un major risc de desenvolupar càncer a nivell de mucosa i sinus paranasals, naso-orofaringe i pulmó. L’objectiu del nostre treball ha estat actualitzar la bibliografia i categoritzar l’evidència científica més actualitzada dels efectes que el formaldehid produeix sobre l’organisme humà. Mètode: Revisió de la literatura utilitzant la metodologia “scoping review”. Cerca bibliogràfica a la base de dades electrònica Medline/ PubMed, limitada als darrers 10 anys mitjançant combinació de llenguatge lliure i controlat. Anàlisi efectuada per un col.lectiu de Metges especialistes en medicina del treball, pertanyents a l’àmbit sanitari i que també han comptat amb la participació d’higienistes i altres professionals de la prevenció de riscos. Resultats: Revisió de 185 articles, amb inclusió final de 54 un cop descartats per duplicitat, idioma i criteris d’inclusió. Entre els principals resultats es troba un elevat grau d’evidència referida a genotoxicitat, evidència contradictòria, inconsistent o limitada pel que fa a diverses patologies neoplàsiques d’origen hematopoiètic, laringe, naso-sinusals o de pulmó i manca d’evidència sobre la relació amb l’asma bronquial. Conclusions: La revisió mostra un canvi de paradigma dels efectes del formaldehid sobre l’organisme humà, amb dades que qüestionen els efectes tòxics clàssicament admesos. Cal efectuar nous estudis, especialment amb caràcter longitudinal i major potència epidemiològica, per generar nou coneixement sobre el comportament d’aquest tòxic.

Resumen La presencia del formaldehido en el ámbito laboral sigue siendo importante. La exposición produce irritación local de mucosas oculares, nasales y del tracto respiratorio superior, y crónicamente se ha asociado con mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer a nivel de senos paranasales, naso-orofaringe y pulmón. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo actualizar la bibliografía y categorizar la evidencia científica más actualizada de los efectos que el formaldehido produce sobre el organismo humano. Búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos electrónica Medline/PubMed, limitada a los últimos 10 años mediante combinación de lenguaje libre y controlado. Se revisaron 185 artículos con inclusión final de 54 tras descartar por duplicidad, idioma y criterios de inclusión. Se observa un elevado grado de evidencia respecto a la genotoxicidad, evidencia contradictoria, inconsistente o limitada respecto a patologías neoplásicas de origen hematopoyético, laringe, naso-sinusales o de pulmón y falta de evidencia sobre la relación con el asma bronquial. Es preciso efectuar nuevos estudios, especialmente con carácter longitudinal y mayor potencia epidemiológica, para generar nuevo conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de este tóxico.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary nutrient levels on performance, carcass yield, commercial cuts, digestibility and economical viability of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. During the experiment, 180 COBB 500™ chicks were housed in metal batteries and subjected to a completely randomized design in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, of two sexes and three diets (male, female and mixed), totaling 6 treatments and 6 repetitions of 5 birds each. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and the means were compared using the Tukey test, at 5% probability. The results indicate the effect of sex on performance and commercial cuts, except for breast and thigh fillets, in which males and females showed similar results when given the mixed diet. The influence of the nutritional levels on performance, digestibility and commercial cuts was observed, in which the female diet showed the highest results for feed intake, body weight and weight gain, in addition to greater retention of protein and crude energy. For drumstick and abdominal fat yield, the highest values were obtained using the mixed diet and the female diet, and the lowest values were obtained using the male diet. Regarding economic viability, the female diet showed the highest return per unit of Real (R$) spent on feed. Therefore, these data prove that the female diet had a positive effect when provided to both sexes, and it may be a promising alternative for its application at the production level.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Perioperative, oncologic, and functional results between open radical prostatectomy and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy are still the subject of debate. OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative, oncologic, and functional results between open radical prostatectomy and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive, and analytic study was conducted by analyzing the medical records of patients that underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and patients that underwent open radical prostatectomy, within the time frame of January 2012 and June 2016. The follow-up period for the patients with robotic-assisted prostatectomy was from 3 to 21 months and that of open radical prostatectomy was from 1 to 4 years. Preoperative variables (age, ECOG functional status, comorbidities, prostate-specific antigen concentration, Gleason score, NCCN risk group), perioperative variables (intraoperative blood loss, surgery duration, days of hospital stay, time with transurethral catheter, postoperative complications), and oncologic variables (clinical stage, surgical specimen Gleason criteria, positive surgical margins, disease persistence and biochemical recurrence, urinary continence [at 3, 6, and 12 months], sexual potency or performance [at 6 and 12 months]) were analyzed. The SPSS program was used for the statistical analysis. Frequencies were calculated and normality tests were performed. The Pearson’s ꭓ2 test was employed for the qualitative variables and the Student’s t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for the quantitative variables. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and 36 had open radical prostatectomy. For robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy versus open radical prostatectomy, the mean age of the patients was 64 vs 63 years, surgery duration was 286 min (68) vs 225 min (±65) (p<0.001). intraoperative blood loss was 869 mL (±657) vs 1567 mL (±1110) (p=0.001), and the transfusion rate was 37 vs 47% (p=0.26), respectively. Mean hospital stay was 5 days for the two procedures. Postoperative complications presented in 29 vs 28% (p=0.58) of the patients, there were positive surgical margins in 63 vs 33% (p=0.01), and the continence rate at 3 months was 57 vs 53% (p=0.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the benefits of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in relation to intraoperative blood loss and transfusion. In addition, the rest of the parameters evaluated were similar, but not inferior, to those for open radical prostatectomy.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: hay controversia en cuanto a los resultados perioperatorios, oncológicos y funcionales entre la prostatectomía radical abierta versus la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot. OBJETIVO: comparar los resultados perioperatorios, oncológicos y funcionales entre la prostatectomía radical abierta versus prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico, efectuado mediante el análisis de los expedientes de pacientes posoperados de prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot y prostatectomía radical abierta, de enero de 2012 a junio de 2016. El seguimiento de los pacientes con prostatectomía asistida por robot fue de 3 a 21 meses y de prostatectomía radical abierta de 1-4 años. Se analizaron variables preoperatorias (edad, estado funcional según los criterios del ECOG, comorbilidades, concentración de antígeno prostático específico, escala de Gleason y grupo de riesgo de la NCCN), perioperatorias (sangrando transoperatorio, tiempo quirúrgico, requerimiento de transfusión sanguínea, días de estancia hospitalaria, tiempo de permanencia de la sonda transuretral y complicaciones posquirúrgicas) y oncológicas (estadio clínico, criterios de Gleason de la pieza quirúrgica, márgenes positivos, persistencia y recurrencia bioquímica de la enfermedad; continencia urinaria [3, 6 y 12 meses] y potencia o desempeño sexual [6 y 12]. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS; se calcularon frecuencias y pruebas de normalidad. Se implementó la ꭓ2 de Pearson para variables cualitativas, y la t de Student y U de Mann-Whitney para variables cuantitativas. RESULTADOS: se registraron 35 pacientes con prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot y 36 con prostatectomía radical abierta. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 64 vs 63 años; tiempo quirúrgico de 286 ± 68 vs 225 ± 65 minutos (p<0.001); sangrando transoperatorio de 869 ± 657 vs 1567 1110 mL (p=0.001); tasa de transfusión de 37 vs 47% (p=0.26), respectivamente, y estancia hospitalaria de 5 días para ambos procedimientos. Se registraron complicaciones posquirúrgicas en 29 vs 28% (p=0.58) de los pacientes; márgenes positivos de 63 vs 33% (p=0.01) y tasa de continencia a los 3 meses de 57 vs 53% (p=0.7), respectivamente. El seguimiento de los pacientes con prostatectomía asistida por robot fue de 3 a 21 meses y de prostatectomía radical abierta de 1 a 4 años. CONCLUSIONES: este estudio confirma las ventajas de la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot: menor sangrado transoperatorio y de trasfusión; los parámetros restantes fueron similares, pero no inferiores, a los de la prostatectomía radical abierta.

Abstract BACKGROUND: there is no consensus on the term “staghorn stone” and the designations “partial” or “complete” do not involve volume criteria. The term “staghorn morphometry” is defined as the distribution of the volumetric burden of a staghorn stone in the collecting system. OBJECTIVE: to determine the “stone morphometry” through preoperative tomography study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective, analytic study was conducted that included patients with tomography studies within the time frame of 2012-2016. OsiriX software was used with measurements of: total stone volume (volume calculated with reconstruction of the entire stone image), stone volume in the entry calyx (volume of the stone in the entry calyx), stone volume in the favorable calyx (volume of the stone in the favorable calyx). RESULTS: the following overall measurements were observed in the 46 patients included in the study: total stone volume: 2753 ± 1423 mm3 and 56867 ± 26781 mm3 (p < 0.001), stone volume in the entry calyx: 580 ± 474 mm3 and 17586 ± 13150 mm3 (p < 0.001), and stone volume in the favorable calyx: 589 ± 569 mm3 and 17900 ± 13717 mm3 (p < 0.001), in cases with a single tract and in those with more than 2 tracts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: stone morphometry provided the volumetric load of the stone to be treated and was significantly influential in determining the tracts and procedures necessary to achieve a stone-free state in patients with staghorn stones that underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a Mexican hospital population.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: no existe consenso del término “litiasis coraliforme”, las designaciones “parcial” o “completa”, no implican criterios de volumen. El término: “morfometría litiásica”, se define como la distribución de la carga volumétrica de un lito coraliforme en el sistema colector. OBJETIVO: determinar la “morfometría litiásica”, mediante estudio preoperatorio de tomografía. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: ensayo retrospectivo-analítico al que se incluyeron pacientes a quienes entre los años 2012-2016 se les realizó un estudio tomográfico. Para la medición de los volúmenes: litiásico total (volumen litiásico total : volumen calculado con reconstrucción de toda la imagen del lito), litiásico del cáliz de entrada (VLCE: volumen del componente en cáliz de entrada), litiásico de cáliz favorable (litiásico de cáliz favorable: volumen del componente en cáliz favorable) se utilizó el programa de cómputo OsiriX. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 46 pacientes en quienes se observaron, volumen calculado con reconstrucción de toda la imagen del lito: 2753 ± 1423 mm3 y 56867 ± 26781 mm3 (p<0.001); volumen del componente en cáliz de entrada: 580 ± 474 mm3 y 17586 ± 13150 mm3 (p<0.001); volumen del componente en cáliz favorable: 589 ± 569 mm3 y 17900 ± 13717 mm3 (p<0.001) en casos con tracto único y más de 2, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: la morfometría litiásica proporciona la carga volumétrica del lito a tratar e influye significativamente en la determinación de los tractos o procedimientos necesarios para alcanzar un estado libre de litiasis en pacientes con litos coraliformes a quienes se realiza nefrolitotomía percutánea en nuestra población.