ABSTRACT Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) adopts a hierarchical approach to classify soils using specific diagnostic attributes. Organossolos (Histosols) class is differentiated according to its genesis, especially because the parent material is organic, thus requiring diagnostic attributes that describe the unique properties of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed to propose the use of labile organic carbon and the C and N contents of humic fractions and their ratios for the family and series levels of the Brazilian Soil Classification System for Organossolos in high mountainous regions. Quantitative chemical fractionation of SOM was performed to obtain the humic fractions and determine the labile oxidizable carbon in 16 Organossolos profiles from Itatiaia National Park, RJ. Carbon and nitrogen contents of the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions were obtained, as well as the percentages of these fractions in relation to the total carbon and nitrogen in the soil. Carbon and nitrogen ratios were calculated for each fraction. Results showed little variation in the levels of labile organic carbon between the profiles but a large variation in total carbon and nitrogen levels, especially in the Organossolo Fólico Hêmico lítico profile. The ratios between the carbon and nitrogen of humic acids and fulvic acids (means of HAC/FAC = 1.61 and AHN/FACN = 1.05), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract and humin (means of AEC/HUMC = 0.71 and AEN/HUMN = 0.38), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract, and total carbon and total nitrogen (means of AEC/TC = 0.28 and AEN/TN = 0.19) were effective in determining the humification level of the profiles. This study proposes that the attributes evaluated, especially the ratio between the carbon of the alkaline extract of the humic substances (carbon of the fulvic acid fraction + carbon of the humic acid fraction) and the total soil carbon, as well as the ratio between the C and N of the humin fraction, should be used to define lower categorical levels of Organossolos. This new approach could facilitate the classification of these soils and contribute to a better understanding of the composition of Organossolos in Brazil. SiBCS (SiBCS Histosols (Histosols genesis SOM. . (SOM) regions 1 Park RJ obtained profile means HACFAC HAC FAC 161 61 1.6 AHNFACN AHN FACN 1.05, 105 1.05 , 05 1.05) AECHUMC AEC HUMC 071 0 71 0.7 AENHUMN AEN HUMN 0.38, 038 0.38 38 0.38) AECTC TC 028 28 0.2 AENTN TN 0.19 019 19 evaluated Brazil (SOM 6 1. 10 1.0 07 7 0. 03 0.3 3 02 2 0.1 01

ABSTRACT There is a need for greater knowledge about the medium- and long-term effects of prescribed fire management on soil in ecosystems prone to wildfires and more vulnerable to climate change. This study examined the short- and medium-term effects of prescribed fire on soil chemical properties and chemical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in two positions of the landscape in a high-elevation grassland environment. The ecosystem is located in the mountain peaks of southeastern Brazil associated with the Atlantic Forest biome. Prescribed fire was conducted in 2017 to reduce understory vegetation and thus prevent potential severe wildfires. Soil samples were collected at the layers of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40 m, at eight composite sampling. The composite samples were collected on five different occasions: before the prescribed fire, and 10, 30, 90, and 240 days after the prescribed fire. Soil chemical properties, total organic carbon, labile C, and chemical fractionation of SOM were analyzed. All soil properties investigated were affected by the prescribed fire, with variations in landscape position, duration of effect, and soil layer. In the backslope area, the medium-term effect of fire was negative and induced soil degradation and induced soil degradation. In the footslope area, the system showed greater resilience to the effects of fire, as indicated by the recovery of the soil’s chemical properties. These results can help assess the suitability of controlled burning of vegetation for managing risks of fire in mountainous regions, such as high-elevation grasslands. medium longterm long term change short mediumterm (SOM highelevation high elevation environment biome 201 0.000.10, 000010 0.00 0.10, 0 00 10 0.00-0.10 0.100.20, 010020 0.10 0.20, 20 0.10-0.20 0.200.40 020040 0.20 0.40 40 0.20-0.4 m sampling occasions 30 90 24 carbon C analyzed position layer area soils s regions grasslands 000 0.000.10 00001 0.0 010 1 0.00-0.1 100 0.100.20 01002 0.1 020 2 0.10-0.2 200 0.200.4 02004 0.2 040 0.4 4 0.20-0. 3 9 0.000.1 0000 0. 01 0.00-0. 0.100.2 0100 02 0.10-0. 0.200. 0200 04 0.20-0 0.000. 0.00-0 0.100. 0.10-0 0.200 0.20- 0.000 0.00- 0.100 0.10-

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a longevidade de sementes de mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia) em diferentes tempos de enterrio e profundidades no solo, em banco de sementes induzido. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos empregados foram três profundidades de semeadura (0, 2 e 4cm) e três épocas de avaliação (3, 4 e 5 meses). Cada repetição consiste em 500 sementes, colocadas em sacos tipo filó (10x10cm) e enterradas em sementeira. Em cada época, foi avaliada a viabilidade das sementes por meio de teste de germinação, obtendo-se o percentual de emissão de raiz; plântulas normais e sementes firmes/duras. Foi avaliado, ainda, o percentual de saída do banco (contado através das perdas). As sementes de mutamba (G. ulmifolia) mantiveram-se viáveis no solo (25% do total das sementes enterradas apresentando 72% de viabilidade), mesmo após cinco meses enterradas. As sementes colocadas na superfície do solo e enterradas a 2cm de profundidade apresentam maior taxa de emergência de plântulas no campo do que as sementes enterradas a 4cm. O percentual médio de perdas é de, aproximadamente, 61%, independente da profundidade de semeadura e do tempo de permanência no solo.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the seed viability of mutamba (G. ulmifolia) at different times of burying and depth in the soil in an induced soil seed bank. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with four plots. The treatments used were three soils depths (0, 2 and 4cm) and three times (3, 4 and 5 months after burying). Each plot had 500 seeds in a bag (10x10cm) buried in nursery soil. The evaluations were seed viability with intact seed, using germination tests, obtaining the number of root emergences, normal seedlings and hard seeds. Further, the number of losses in the soil seed bank were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the mutamba seeds (G. ulmifolia) could stay viable in the soil seed bank after 5 months (25% of total seed buriying showing 72% viability). Seeds on the soil surface and 2cm deep had better average of root emergence and normal seedling percentage than that 4cm deep. The percentage of losses in soil seed bank is 61%, regardless of depth or time.

A viabilidade de sementes de espécies florestais tropicais, em banco de sementes do solo, ainda é pouco estudada. No entanto, pode fornecer informações sobre o potencial de restabelecimento da floresta após distúrbios naturais ou em áreas que sofreram intervenções antrópicas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o vigor e a viabilidade potencial de sementes de S. multijuga e S. macranthera, em semeadura direta, em condições de viveiro e testar a eficiência do teste de tetrazólio para avaliar a viabilidade delas em laboratório. Foram realizados testes de germinação, tetrazólio e emergência de plântulas para avaliar a viabilidade inicial das sementes de ambas as espécies. O teste de tetrazólio (0,075% e 30ºC), foi utilizado, ainda, para avaliar a viabilidade potencial das sementes presentes no solo, aos 6, 12 e 18 meses. Sementes de S. multijuga apresentaram viabilidade potencial de 93,1; 65,3; 52,5 e 17,7% aos 0, 6, 12 e 18 meses, respectivamente, enquanto as sementes de S. macranthera apresentaram viabilidade potencial de 79,3; 73,9; 32,5 e 14,7% aos 0, 6, 12 e 18 meses, respectivamente. As espécies estudadas apresentaram comportamento típico daquelas que formam bancos de sementes persistentes.

Seed viability of tropical forest species in seed soil banks is not well known. This research aimed to evaluate the seed vigour and potential viability of S. multijuga and S. macranthera in direct sowing under nursery conditions and to test the efficiency of the tetrazolium test to determine quickly the seed viability of these species. The germination test, tetrazolium test and seedling emergence test can be used to evaluate seed viability of two species. The tetrazolium test (concentration 0,075%, and 30ºC) was also used to evaluate the potential viability at 6, 12 and 18 months from seeds in a soil bank. S. multijuga seeds presented 93,1%; 65,3%; 52,5% and 17,7% potential viability at sowing and after 6, 12 and 18 months, in the soil bank respectively, and S. macranthera presented 79,3%; 73,9%; 32,5% and 14,7% at sowing and after 6, 12 and 18 months in soil bank, respectively. The species studied had typical behavior of a persistent seed bank.